Income distribution and life expectancy: a critical appraisal.

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the association between ambulance response time and survival from out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to estimate the effect of reducing response times. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Scottish Ambulance Service. SUBJECTS:All out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrests due to cardiac disease ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pell JP,Sirel JM,Marsden AK,Ford I,Cobbe SM

更新日期：2001-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between use of hormone replacement therapy and the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:Population enrolled in the General Practice Research Database, United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:A cohort of 347,253 women aged 50 to 79 witho...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pérez Gutthann S,García Rodríguez LA,Castellsague J,Duque Oliart A

更新日期：1997-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Telephone helplines are an effective way of dealing with health related incidents in which large numbers of people need personal counselling or information for reassurance or case finding. Helplines often have to be set up at short notice, which is labour intensive and makes recruitment of appropriate staff difficult....

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Stark C,Christie P,Marr AC

更新日期：1994-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between intake of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and the risk of breast cancer and to evaluate the potential dose-response relation. DESIGN:Meta-analysis and systematic review of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:PubMed and Embase up to December 20...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Zheng JS,Hu XJ,Zhao YM,Yang J,Li D

更新日期：2013-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess and improve the quality of care provided to women undergoing induced abortion. DESIGN:Two rounds of prospective, criterion based case note review audit. SETTING:Ten NHS gynaecology units throughout Scotland. SUBJECTS:2004 patient episodes of abortion care identified consecutively during two roun...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Penney GC,Glasier A,Templeton A

更新日期：1994-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine prevalence of HIV infection and drug injecting behaviour among inmates of Glenochil Prison on a specified date a year after an outbreak of hepatitis B and HIV infection. DESIGN:Cross sectional: voluntary, anonymous HIV salivary antibody surveillance and linked self completion questionnaire on ri...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gore SM,Bird AG,Burns SM,Goldberg DJ,Ross AJ,Macgregor J

更新日期：1995-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify the impact of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on corrected QT interval (QTc), a marker of risk for ventricular arrhythmia, in a large and diverse clinical population. DESIGN:A cross sectional study using electrocardiographic, prescribing, and clinical data from electr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Castro VM,Clements CC,Murphy SN,Gainer VS,Fava M,Weilburg JB,Erb JL,Churchill SE,Kohane IS,Iosifescu DV,Smoller JW,Perlis RH

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 22,552 workers employed by the Atomic Weapons Establishment between 1951 and 1982 were followed up for an average of 18.6 years. Of the 3115 who died, 865 (28%) died of cancer. Mortality was 23% lower than the national average for all causes of death and 18% lower for cancer. These low rates were consistent...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Beral V,Fraser P,Carpenter L,Booth M,Brown A,Rose G

更新日期：1988-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether women with atrial fibrillation have a higher risk of stroke than men. DESIGN:Nationwide retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Patients with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in the Swedish hospital discharge register between 1 July 2005 and 31 December 2008. Information about drug treatm...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Friberg L,Benson L,Rosenqvist M,Lip GY

更新日期：2012-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A US organization, Population Action International, is reported in this article to have released findings on the health risks for women in 118 countries. Countries are ranked on 10 indicators, including such indicators as the number of births to women aged under 19 years, the availability of legal abortion, maternal ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dillner L

更新日期：1995-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To calculate socioeconomic and health status measures for the primary care groups in London and to examine the association between these measures and hospital admission rates. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:66 primary care groups in London, total list size 8.0 million people. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Majeed A,Bardsley M,Morgan D,O'Sullivan C,Bindman AB

更新日期：2000-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines the impact of marital status on maternal mortality in the period before and the period after German reunification in the area covered by the former East Germany. Maternal mortality ratio prior to the reunification was stable and declined after reunification. This can be attributed to the adoption ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Razum O,Jahn A,Snow R

更新日期：1999-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical audit has its critics, who point to the large sums of NHS cash that seem to be disappearing down a medical plughole. These criticisms are recognised by medical audit advisory groups but there are many reasons why the work of these groups has not yet resulted in many publications in journals or bumped up health...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Johnson R

更新日期：1994-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), the extreme manifestation of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis, is characterized by reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when kidney function is reduced but evidence of intrinsic kidney disease, such as hematuria, proteinu...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Simonetto DA,Gines P,Kamath PS

更新日期：2020-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether over the counter cough medicines are effective for acute cough in adults. DESIGN:Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:Search of the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group specialised register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, and the...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schroeder K,Fahey T

更新日期：2002-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Ruben Meerman and Andrew Brown explain why the answer might not be what you expect. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Meerman R,Brown AJ

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of physical work environment on long term sickness absence and to investigate interaction between physical and psychosocial risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING:Prospective cohort study of long term sickness absence among employees in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS:5357 employees interviewed in 2...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lund T,Labriola M,Christensen KB,Bültmann U,Villadsen E

更新日期：2006-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To find out whether enalapril or ramipril causes the sensitivity of the cough reflex to change or symptomatic cough to develop in patients with hypertension. DESIGN:Prospective, placebo controlled, double blind, randomised crossover study. SETTING:Academic units of clinical pharmacology and medicine. PATIE...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McEwan JR,Choudry N,Street R,Fuller RW

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether rates of suicide changed in Toronto after a barrier was erected at Bloor Street Viaduct, the bridge with the world's second highest annual rate of suicide by jumping after Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. DESIGN:Natural experiment. SETTING:City of Toronto and province of Ontario, Ca...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sinyor M,Levitt AJ

更新日期：2010-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report on the country of training and ethnicity of consultants in different specialties in the NHS, on trends in intake to UK medical schools by ethnicity, and on the specialty choices made by UK medical graduates in different ethnic groups. DESIGN:Analysis of official databases of consultants and of stu...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

更新日期：2004-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care programme, combining a patient directed and a workplace directed intervention, for patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN:Population based randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Primary care (10 physiotherapy practices, one occupational health service, ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lambeek LC,van Mechelen W,Knol DL,Loisel P,Anema JR

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among gay men. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with 12 months' follow up. SETTING:Sexual health clinic in London. PARTICIPANTS:343 gay men with an acute sexually tran...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Imrie J,Stephenson JM,Cowan FM,Wanigaratne S,Billington AJ,Copas AJ,French L,French PD,Johnson AM,Behavioural Intervention in Gay Men Project Study Group.

更新日期：2001-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical trialists' opinions and experiences of sharing of clinical trial data with investigators who are not directly collaborating with the research team. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross sectional, web based survey. PARTICIPANTS:Clinical trialists who were corresponding authors of clinical trials ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Rathi V,Dzara K,Gross CP,Hrynaszkiewicz I,Joffe S,Krumholz HM,Strait KM,Ross JS

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a booklet given to patients being discharged from hospital giving details of their admission and treatment increased their knowledge and recall when reviewed in outpatient clinics. DESIGN:Patients alternately allocated to receive a booklet or to serve as controls. Assessment by a questio...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sandler DA,Mitchell JR,Fellows A,Garner ST

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors versus conventional drugs in patients with cancer that were PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Shen X,Zhao B

更新日期：2018-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify the extent of HIV infection and injecting drug use among female streetworking prostitutes in Glasgow; to estimate the size of the female streetworking prostitute population in the city; and to estimate the number of HIV positive women working as prostitutes on the streets in Glasgow. DESIGN:Obse...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McKeganey N,Barnard M,Leyland A,Coote I,Follet E

更新日期：1992-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare direct and indirect costs of day and inpatient treatment of acute psychiatric illness. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with outcome and costs assessed over 12 months after the date of admission. SETTING:Teaching hospital in an inner city area. SUBJECTS:179 patients with acute psychiatric illn...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Creed F,Mbaya P,Lancashire S,Tomenson B,Williams B,Holme S

更新日期：1997-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To discover whether the wartime government evacuation of children from London and other population centres to rural districts was associated with any increase in childhood leukaemia. DESIGN:Observational study of mortality from leukaemia among the childhood population of England and Wales in relation to the ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kinlen LJ,John SM

更新日期：1994-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the effect of brief behavioural counselling in general practice on patients' consumption of fruit and vegetables in adults from a low income population. DESIGN:Parallel group randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Primary health centre in a deprived, ethnically mixed inner city area. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Steptoe A,Perkins-Porras L,McKay C,Rink E,Hilton S,Cappuccio FP

更新日期：2003-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:With the aim of promoting the informed choice of pregnant women, staff and pregnant women at two urban hospitals were offered leaflets summarising the best available evidence about the effectiveness of routine ultrasonography in early pregnancy. Ultrasonographers doubted the credibility of the evidence and were concer...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Oliver S,Rajan L,Turner H,Oakley A,Entwistle V,Watt I,Sheldon TA,Rosser J

更新日期：1996-11-16 00:00:00