Abstract:
:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of several solid and hematological malignancies. ICIs are not only able to produce long and durable responses, but also very well tolerated by patients. There are several approved indications of use of ICIs in treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies including gastric, esophageal, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, ICIs can be used in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB) tumors in chemotherapy-resistant setting. Despite having good efficacy and superior safety profile, ICIs are clinically active in small subset of patients, therefore, there is a huge unmet need to enhance their efficacy and discover new predictive biomarkers. There are several ongoing clinical trials that are exploring the role of ICIs in various gastrointestinal cancers either as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted agents or other immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the published and ongoing trials for ICIs in gastrointestinal malignancies, including esophageal, gastric cancer, pancreatic, hepatocellular, biliary tract, colorectal and anal cancers. Specifically, we focus on the use of ICIs in each line of therapy and discuss the future directions of these agents in each type of gastrointestinal cancer.
journal_name
J Clin Medjournal_title
Journal of clinical medicineauthors
Mazloom A,Ghalehsari N,Gazivoda V,Nimkar N,Paul S,Gregos P,Rateshwar J,Khan Udoi
10.3390/jcm9082533subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-06 00:00:00issue
8issn
2077-0383pii
jcm9082533journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We investigated the prognostic influence of androgen receptor (AR) on breast cancer. AR status was assessed using immunohistochemistry with tissue microarrays from 395 operable primary breast cancer patients who received curative surgery. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to analyze the survival rates and a log-rank...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9041083
更新日期:2020-04-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated plasma lactate levels correlate with high mortality rate in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. We hypothesized that elevated lactate levels correlate with prothrombotic fibrin clot properties and enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in acute PE. METHODS:As many as 126 normote...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9040953
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated distractibility is one of the major contributors to alcohol hangover-induced behavioral deficits. Yet, the basic mechanisms driving increased distractibility during hangovers are still not very well understood. Aside from impairments in attention and psychomotor functions, changes in stimulus-response binding...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9030778
更新日期:2020-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is partially insensitive/resistant to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). ICS plus bronchodilator therapy has been discussed for COPD phenotypes with frequent exacerbations and participation of corticosteroid-sensitive type 2/eosinophilic inflammation. Neu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8122058
更新日期:2019-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is an established treatment for center-involving diabetic macular edema (ci-DME). However, the clinical response is heterogeneous. This study investigated miRNAs as a biomarker to predict treatment response to anti-VEGF in DME. (2) Method...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9092920
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The use of sugammadex can reduce post-operative residual neuromuscular blockade, which is known to increase the risk of post-operative respiratory events. However, its effect on post-operative pulmonary complications is not obvious. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of sugammadex on post-operative pulmo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9041232
更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Background: There is emerging evidence that radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) is highly correlated with overall survival (OS), potentially serving as an indicator of treatment outcome for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The objective of this study is to assess rPFS and prostate specific antige...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8081251
更新日期:2019-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the reliability of five different intraoral scanners (IOSs) in the capture of implant scanbodies (SBs) and to verify the dimensional congruence between the meshes (MEs) of the SBs and the corresponding library file (LF). METHODS:A gypsum cast of a fully edentulous maxilla with six implant analogues ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9072174
更新日期:2020-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs) possess immunomodulatory abilities which are strongly enhanced by various inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D3 has anti-inflammatory effects on hPDLSCs and immune cells. However, no study to date has directly compared the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the immun...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8122211
更新日期:2019-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::This Special Issue on lung diseases is aimed at giving emergent researchers and clinicians an important forum to share their original research and expert reviews on key topics within respiratory diseases. This Special Issue will be of interest to general physicians and respiratory specialist and will equip the reader ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3390/jcm8122060
更新日期:2019-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::The burden of illness related to diabetes and its complications is exceedingly high and growing globally. Systematic approaches to managing chronic care are needed to address the complex nature of the disease, taking into account health system structures. This study presents data collected from interviews with physici...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm7110451
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to develop a mathematical model to predict the progression of aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic dilatation (AD) in bicuspid aortic valve patients. Bicuspid AS patients who underwent at least two serial echocardiograms from 2005 to 2017 were enrolled. Mathematical modeling was undertaken to assess (1) the non-li...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8091302
更新日期:2019-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown efficacy against a variety of cancer types. The effects of nivolumab and pembrolizumab on lung cancer have been reported, and further therapeutic advances are ongoing. The side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are very different from those of conventional cy...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm9072033
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with a long half-life, high selectivity, and rapid onset of action. Because the safety of using PDE5 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for fetal growth restriction (FGR) has been a problem worldwide, this paper primarily focuses on the safety assessments performed in ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8060856
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study sought to determine whether the implementation of regular and structured follow-up of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), combined with therapeutic education and remote monitoring solution, leads to better management. This was a single-center retrospective study conducted in a cohort of patients with...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9103106
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic treatment in paediatric rhinosinusitis is still a matter of debate, as the current guidelines have been drafted mainly based on clinical studies published before 2013. Recent modifications in the epidemiological basis of the disease might mean that current treatments are not completely adequate considering ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm8081162
更新日期:2019-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No dural substitute has proven to be complication-free in a large clinical trial, even suggesting some benefit during watertight closure. However, primary dural closure is not always possible due to dural shrinkage from electrocautery for dural bleeding. OBJECTIVE:This study is performed to analyze the clin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9040902
更新日期:2020-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives/Hypothesis: Stenosis of the middle meatus antrostomy (MMA) represents a major cause of recurrent disease following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Various strategies have been developed to prevent the occurrence of MMA stenosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of spray cryotherapy (...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9010088
更新日期:2019-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::This article evaluates the psychometric properties of a new measure for assessing Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). The ABQ is a self-report measure composed of two sections: the Severity Index (SI) and the Seven Domains Addiction Scale (7DAS). MATERIALS AND METHOD...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm7080194
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of highly effective treatments for fibromyalgia (FM) represents a great challenge for public health. The objective of this parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was two-fold: (1) to analyze the clinical effects of mindfulness plus amygdala and insula retraining (MAIR) compared to a structurally eq...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9103246
更新日期:2020-10-11 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:This study examined the fertility performance of women after combined hysterolaparoscopic surgical management of endometriosis. Design: This study is a hospital-based retrospective review. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Data collected from the records of all patients presented with endometriosis-related infertility using a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm9020507
更新日期:2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The 14-3-3 protein family are molecular chaperones involved in several biological functions and neurological diseases. We previously pinpointed YWHAZ (encoding 14-3-3ζ) as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through a whole-exome sequencing study, which identified a frameshift variant within the gene (...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9061851
更新日期:2020-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current therapeutic options in the course of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) reinforce the need for reliable tools to characterize the tumor in a dynamic way. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as a viable solution to the problem, whereby patients with a variety of solid tum...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9072066
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widely varying therapeutic response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to raise questions regarding the unclarified heterogeneity of pathological mechanisms promoting disease progression. While biomarkers for the differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) versus ulcerative colitis (UC) have b...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9051360
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Gout is an inflammatory arthritis influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic variants. The common dysfunctional p.Q141K allele of the ABCG2 gene affects gout development. We sought after the possible association between the p.Q141K variant and gout risk factors, biochemical, and clinical determinants in hype...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8111965
更新日期:2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a common disease in children, significantly affecting their quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is frequently linked to other respiratory diseases, including asthma. Children affected by CRS may be candidates for surgery in the case of failure of maximal medical therapy comprising thre...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm8050684
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm9092749
更新日期:2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inflammation is often considered relating to pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We conducted a study investigating cytokines, including Il-17 and Il-23, in children with OSA before and after adenotonsillectomy (T&A), compared with controls. METHODS:Children with OSA between age 4 and 12 receiving T&A ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9041028
更新日期:2020-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may experience residual pain and functional impairment despite good control of disease activity. This study compared improvements in pain and physical function in patients with well-controlled RA after 24 weeks' treatment with baricitinib, adalimumab or placebo in the 52-week RA...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8091394
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in molecular genetic technologies have facilitated non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) through the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. NIPT can be used to identify monogenic disorders including the identification of autosomal recessive disorders where the maternally inherited mutation ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm3020537
更新日期:2014-05-21 00:00:00