Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Ixodes ricinus constitutes the main European vector tick for the Lyme borreliosis pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), the relapsing fever borrelia Borrelia miyamotoi, as well as Anaplasma phagocytophilum and several Rickettsia species. Under laboratory conditions, a transovarial transmission to the next tick generation is described for Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp., especially regarding B. miyamotoi, whereas the efficiency of transovarial transfer under field conditions is largely unstudied. METHODS:In order to better estimate the potential infection risk by tick larvae for humans and animals, 1500 I. ricinus larvae from 50 collected "nests" (larvae adhering to the flag in a clumped manner) were individually examined for Borrelia, Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum DNA using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS:Thirty-nine of 50 nests each (78.0%, 95% CI: 64.0-88.5%) were positive for Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. DNA, and in three nests (6.0%, 95% CI: 1.3-16.5%) A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected. Overall, DNA from at least one pathogen could be detected in 90.0% (45/50, 95% CI: 78.2-96.7%) of the nests. Of the 1500 larvae, 137 were positive for Borrelia spp. DNA (9.1%, 95% CI: 7.7-10.7%), 341 for Rickettsia spp. DNA (22.7%, 95% CI: 20.6-24.9%) and three for A. phagocytophilum DNA (0.2%, 95% CI: 0-0.6%). Quantity of Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma spp. DNA in positive larvae was low, with 2.7 × 100Borrelia 5S-23S gene copies and 2.4 × 101A. phagocytophilum msp2/p44 gene copies detected on average, while Rickettsia-positive samples contained on average 5.4 × 102gltA gene copies. Coinfections were found in 66.0% (33/50, 95% CI: 51.2-78.8%) of the nests and 8.6% (38/443, 95% CI: 6.1-11.6%) of positive larvae. In fact, larvae had a significantly higher probability of being infected with Borrelia spp. or Rickettsia spp. when both pathogens were present in the nest. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence for transovarial transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. in I. ricinus under field conditions, possibly facilitating pathogen persistence in the ecosystem and reducing the dependence on the presence of suitable reservoir hosts. Further studies are needed to prove transovarial transmission and to explain the surprisingly high proportion of nests containing Rickettsia and/or Borrelia DNA-positive larvae compared to infection rates in adult ticks commonly reported in other studies.
journal_name
Parasit Vectorsjournal_title
Parasites & vectorsauthors
Hauck D,Jordan D,Springer A,Schunack B,Pachnicke S,Fingerle V,Strube Cdoi
10.1186/s13071-020-04049-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-07 00:00:00pages
176issue
1issn
1756-3305pii
10.1186/s13071-020-04049-7journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen of increased interest worldwide which has been detected in northern Africa. Anaplasma platys is also present in this region and could possibly have a zoonotic potential. However, only one recent article reports on the human esposure to A. ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2148-y
更新日期:2017-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxocara canis is the causative agent of toxocariasis of humans and other animals. This parasitic nematode (roundworm) has a complex life cycle, in which substantial developmental changes and switches occur. As small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in a wide range of organisms, ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1508-3
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
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更新日期:2016-02-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
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更新日期:2017-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nosema bombycis is a unicellular eukaryotic pathogen of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and is an economic and occupational hazard in the silkworm industry. Because of its long incubation period and horizontal and vertical transmission, it is subject to quarantine measures in sericulture production. The microspor...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3565-x
更新日期:2019-06-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-09-22 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Parasites & vectors
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pub_type: 信件
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia divergens has been declining during the past decades in northeastern Hungary, and no cases have been observed since 2008. Infections of cattle with B. major and Theileria buffeli were hitherto reported in southern and western Europe. In other parts of the...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tick-borne infections are no longer confined to rural areas, they are documented with increasing frequency in urban settlements across the world. They are known to cause diseases in humans as well as in their companion animals. METHODS:During a period of 2 years, from January 2013 until December 2014, ticks...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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