Abstract:
:Turnover of several regulatory proteins results from targeted destruction via ubiquitination and subsequent degradation through the proteosome. The timely and irreversible degradation of critical regulators is essential for normal cellular function. The precise biochemical mechanisms that are involved in protein turnover by ubiquitin-mediated degradation have been elucidated using in vitro assays and cell culture systems. However, pathways that lead to ubiquitination of critical regulatory proteins in vivo are more complex, and have both temporal and tissue-specific differences. In vivo models will allow identification of substrates and enzymes of the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway that play important roles in selected tissues and diseases. In addition, assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs designed to inhibit or enhance protein turnover by ubiquitination requires in vivo models. In the present review we describe selected examples of transgenic and knockout models of proteins that are known either to be regulated by ubiquitin-mediated degradation or to have a catalytic function in this process, and to play an important role in breast cancer. We outline the functions of these proteins in vivo and focus on knowledge gained in the comparison of in vivo behavior predicted from cell-free in vitro data or from experiments conducted in cell culture systems.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Resjournal_title
Breast cancer research : BCRauthors
Rossi S,Loda Mdoi
10.1186/bcr542keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
16-22issue
1eissn
1465-5411issn
1465-542Xjournal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cytokeratin (CK) 14, one of several markers expressed in normal myoepithelial/basal cells, is also expressed in a proportion of breast carcinomas. Previous studies have suggested that expression of such 'basal' markers predicts different biological behaviour, with more frequent lung and brain metastases an...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1636
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated tumor-stimulated osteolysis, and they have become standard therapy for the management of bone metastases from breast cancer. These drugs can also directly induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of osteotropic cancer cells, including estrogen receptor-po...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1363
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metastatic process is a multistep coordinated event with a high degree of efficiency. Specific subpopulations of cancer stem cells, with tumor-initiating and migratory capacity, can selectively migrate towards sites that are able to promote survival and/or proliferation of metastatic tumor cells through a microenv...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2911
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::A series of recent studies have demonstrated that the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway plays a critical role in multiple clinically relevant aspects of breast cancer biology, spanning early stage lesions to targeted treatment of metastatic disease. In ductal carcinoma in situ, multiple groups have shown th...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr3652
更新日期:2014-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Aromatase inhibitors are currently included in the 'optimal' management of early-stage breast cancer. Uncertainty remains, however, as to the most appropriate treatment strategy, particularly for newly diagnosed women as they seek to trade off the cost, toxicities and efficacy of the treatment options. Recent publicat...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2410
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that constitutive signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a cause of treatment resistance in breast cancer patients. This implies that patients with tumors that exhibit aberrant PI3K signaling may benefit from targeted pathway inhibitors. The first agents to make ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1307
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women, but its incidence is not increased in Lynch syndrome (LS) and studies on DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR) in LS-associated breast cancers have arrived at conflicting results. This study aimed to settle the question as to whether breast carcinoma belo...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3205
更新日期:2012-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represent approximately 20% of screen-detected breast cancers. The overall risk for DCIS patients treated with breast-conserving surgery stems almost exclusively from local recurrence. Although a mastectomy or adjuvant radiation can reduce recurrence risk, there are sig...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1165-5
更新日期:2019-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide expression microarray studies have revealed that the biological and clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer can be partly explained by information embedded within a complex but ordered transcriptional architecture. Comprising this architecture are gene expression networks, or signatures, reflecting biochem...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr1662
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) differentially modulates breast epithelial cell growth through insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent pathways and is a direct (IGF-independent) growth inhibitor as well as a mitogen that potentiates EGF (epidermal growth factor...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr963
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite advances in early detection and adjuvant targeted therapies, breast cancer is still the second most common cause of cancer mortality among women. Tumor recurrence is one of the major contributors to breast cancer mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understo...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0649-1
更新日期:2015-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The tumour-suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are well documented; however, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that a non-canonical member of the Wingless-related protein family, Wnt5a, is required for TGF-beta-mediated effec...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2244
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-throughput screening is an essential component of the toolbox of modern technologies that improve speed and efficiency in contemporary cancer drug development. This is particularly important as we seek to exploit, for maximum therapeutic benefit, the large number of new molecular targets emerging from the Human G...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/bcr440
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential for a reduction in dietary fat or for an increase in dietary fiber to reduce breast cancer risk has been debated for some years. It is argued here that available research data, even though extensive, leave open hypotheses ranging from little or no potential to major public health potential for breast can...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr68
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We present a fully automated method for deriving quantitative measures of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) from breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and perform a preliminary evaluation of these measures to assess the effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (R...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0577-0
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Well-tolerated and commonly used medications are increasingly assessed for reducing breast cancer risk. These include metformin and statins, both linked to reduced hormone availability and cell proliferation or growth and sometimes prescribed concurrently. We investigated independent and joint associations o...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01336-0
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) proteoglycan promotes pericyte recruitment and mediates pericyte interaction with endothelial cells. In the absence of NG2, blood vessel development is negatively impacted in several pathological models. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of NG2 ablation on ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3174
更新日期:2012-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment with estrogen and progesterone (E+P) mimics the protective effect of parity on mammary tumors in rodents and depends upon the activity of p53. The following experiments tested whether exogenous E+P primes p53 to be more responsive to DNA damage and whether these pathways confer resistance to mamm...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2094
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and influence cancer. Primary transcripts of miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) are poorly annotated and little is known about the role of germline variation in miRNA genes and breast cancer (BC). We sought to identify germline miRNA variants associated with BC risk and tumor sub...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-018-0964-4
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Estrogens play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The genes that mediate these processes are not fully defined, but potentially include the known mammary oncogene MYC. Characterization of estrogen-target genes may help to elucidate further the mechanisms of estrogen-induced ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1985
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC) Workshop on ‘Methods in Mammary Gland Development and Cancer’ has grown into the essential, international technical discussion forum for scientists with interests in the normal and neoplastic breast. The fifth ENBDC meeting was held in Weggis, Switzerland ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type:
doi:10.1186/bcr3497
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tumor hypoxia is an independent prognostic factor associated with poor patient survival. Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia can potentially maintain or enhance the stem cell phenotype of both normal stem cells and cancer cells. However, it remains to be determined whether cell fate is regulated in vivo ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-018-0944-8
更新日期:2018-03-06 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Mammary-specific overexpression of Six1 in mice induces tumors that resemble human breast cancer, some having undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exhibiting stem/progenitor cell features. Six1 overexpression in human breast cancer cells promotes EMT and metastatic dissemination. We hyp...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3219
更新日期:2012-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bisphosphonates have become standard therapy for the treatment of skeletal complications related to breast cancer. Although their therapeutic effects mainly result from an inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, in vitro data indicate that they also act directly on breast cancer cells, inhibiting proli...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1845
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic choices for metastatic tumors are, in most cases, based upon the histological and molecular analysis of the corresponding primary tumor. Understanding whether and to what extent the genomic landscape of metastasis differs from the tumors from which they originated is critical yet largely unknown. A recent ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2469
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:AIB1, located at 20q12, is a member of the steroid hormone coactivator family. It contains a glutamine repeat (CAG/CAA) polymorphism at its carboxyl-terminal region that may alter the transcriptional activation of the receptor and affect susceptibility to breast cancer through altered sensitivity to hormon...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1009
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tumor cells can effectively be killed by heat, e.g. by using magnetic hyperthermia. The main challenge in the field, however, is the generation of therapeutic temperatures selectively in the whole tumor region. We aimed to improve magnetic hyperthermia of breast cancer by using innovative nanoparticles whi...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0576-1
更新日期:2015-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to describe breast tumor subtypes by common breast cancer risk factors and to determine correlates of subtypes using baseline data from two pooled prospective breast cancer studies within a large health maintenance organization. METHODS:Tumor data on 2544 invasive breast cancer c...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2261
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene amplification (HER2+) drives tumor cell growth and survival in ~25% of breast cancers. HER2 signaling activates the type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), upon which these tumors rely. Consequently, inhibitors of HER2 and type I PI3K block growth and i...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0656-2
更新日期:2015-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic changes are critical for development and progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Significant progress has been made in the basic understanding of how various epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA expression, and higher order chromatin structure affect gene expressi...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2925
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00