Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Well-tolerated and commonly used medications are increasingly assessed for reducing breast cancer risk. These include metformin and statins, both linked to reduced hormone availability and cell proliferation or growth and sometimes prescribed concurrently. We investigated independent and joint associations of these medications with mammographic breast density (MBD), a useful biomarker for the effect of chemopreventive agents on breast cancer risk. METHODS:Using data from a cross-sectional study of 770 women (78% Hispanic, aged 40-61 years, in a mammography cohort with high cardiometabolic burden), we examined the association of self-reported "ever" use of statins and metformin with MBD measured via clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density classifications (relative risk regression) and continuous semi-automated percent and size of dense area (Cumulus) (linear regression), adjusted for age, body mass index, education, race, menopausal status, age at first birth, and insulin use. RESULTS:We observed high statin (27%), metformin (13%), and combination (9%) use, and most participants were overweight/obese (83%) and parous (87%). Statin use was associated with a lower likelihood of high density BI-RADS (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.80), percent dense area (PD) (β = - 6.56, 95% CI = - 9.05 to - 4.06), and dense area (DA) (β = - 9.05, 95% CI = - 14.89 to - 3.22). Metformin use was associated with lower PD and higher non-dense area (NDA), but associations were attenuated by co-medication with statins. Compared to non-use of either medication, statin use alone or with metformin were associated with lower PD and DA (e.g., β = - 6.86, 95% CI: - 9.67, - 4.05 and β = - 7.07, 95% CI: - 10.97, - 3.17, respectively, for PD) and higher NDA (β = 25.05, 95% CI: 14.06, 36.03; β = 29.76, 95% CI: 14.55, 44.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Statin use was consistently associated with lower MBD, measured both through clinical radiologist assessment and continuous relative and absolute measures, including dense area. Metformin use was associated with lower PD and higher NDA, but this may be driven by co-medication with statins. These results support that statins may lower MBD but need confirmation with prospective and clinical data to distinguish the results of medication use from that of disease.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Resjournal_title
Breast cancer research : BCRauthors
Lee Argov EJ,Acheampong T,Terry MB,Rodriguez CB,Agovino M,Wei Y,Athilat S,Tehranifar Pdoi
10.1186/s13058-020-01336-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-15 00:00:00pages
99issue
1eissn
1465-5411issn
1465-542Xpii
10.1186/s13058-020-01336-0journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:The tumour-suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are well documented; however, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that a non-canonical member of the Wingless-related protein family, Wnt5a, is required for TGF-beta-mediated effec...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2244
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The main prognostic variables in early breast cancer are tumor size, histological grade, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PgR) status, number of positive nodes and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The present study evaluated the prognostic and/or predictive value of vascul...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/bcr3354
更新日期:2012-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fragments of collagen type I containing the epitope AHDGGR (CTX) are generated during bone resorption. The aspartyl-glycine (DG) site within CTX is synthesised in the L-aspartyl peptide (alphaL) form, but converts to the age-modified forms L-isoaspartyl peptide (betaL) and D-aspartyl peptide (alphaD) over ti...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr607
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Controversies exist as to whether the genetic polymorphisms of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of tamoxifen can predict breast cancer outcome in patients using adjuvant tamoxifen. Direct measurement of concentrations of active tamoxifen metabolites in serum may be a more biological plausible and r...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0916-4
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We previously reported an association between tumor-specific 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) expression and a good prognosis in breast cancer. Here, the predictive value of HMG-CoAR expression in relation to tamoxifen response was examined. METHODS:HMG-CoAR protein and RNA expr...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2820
更新日期:2011-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite advances in early detection and adjuvant targeted therapies, breast cancer is still the second most common cause of cancer mortality among women. Tumor recurrence is one of the major contributors to breast cancer mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understo...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0649-1
更新日期:2015-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated tumor-stimulated osteolysis, and they have become standard therapy for the management of bone metastases from breast cancer. These drugs can also directly induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of osteotropic cancer cells, including estrogen receptor-po...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr1363
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A family history of later-onset breast cancer (FHLBC) may suggest multi-factorial inheritance of breast cancer risk, including unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that may be shared within families. We assessed whether adherence to lifestyle behaviors recommended for breast cancer prevention--including maintaini...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2727
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the stroma in which carcinomas arise has been previously regarded as a bystander to the clonal expansion and acquisition of malignant characteristics of tumor cells, it is now generally acknowledged that stromal changes are required for the establishment of cancer. In the present article, we discuss three rec...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr972
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene family expresses key functional metabolic enzymes in the Krebs cycle and mediates the epigenetic reprogramming, which serves as an important biomarker of breast cancer. However, the expression levels of the IDH protein and their biological function in human breast canc...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-018-0953-7
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although parity and age at first pregnancy are among the most known extrinsic factors that modulate breast cancer risk, their impact on the biology of subsequent breast cancer has never been explored in depth. Recent data suggest that pregnancy-induced tumor protection is different according to breast cancer...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1111-6
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represent approximately 20% of screen-detected breast cancers. The overall risk for DCIS patients treated with breast-conserving surgery stems almost exclusively from local recurrence. Although a mastectomy or adjuvant radiation can reduce recurrence risk, there are sig...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1165-5
更新日期:2019-07-29 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pre-clinical data suggest p53-dependent anthracycline-induced apoptosis and p53-independent taxane activity. However, dedicated clinical research has not defined a predictive role for TP53 gene mutations. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively explore the prognosis and predictive values of TP5...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/bcr3179
更新日期:2012-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The mammary gland develops as an appendage of the ectoderm. The prenatal stage of mammary development is hormone independent and is regulated by sequential and reciprocal signaling between the epithelium and the mesenchyme. A number of recent studies using human and mouse genetics, in particular targeted gene deletion...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr776
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:E74-like factor 5 (ELF5) is an epithelial-specific member of the E26 transforming sequence (ETS) transcription factor family and a critical regulator of cell fate in the placenta, pulmonary bronchi, and milk-producing alveoli of the mammary gland. ELF5 also plays key roles in malignancy, particularly in basa...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0666-0
更新日期:2016-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and progesterone receptor (PgR) are consolidated predictors of response to hormonal therapy (HT). In contrast, little information regarding the role of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) in various breast cancer risk groups treated with different therapeutic regimens is ava...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2139
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of recent studies have demonstrated that the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway plays a critical role in multiple clinically relevant aspects of breast cancer biology, spanning early stage lesions to targeted treatment of metastatic disease. In ductal carcinoma in situ, multiple groups have shown th...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr3652
更新日期:2014-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that is effective and generally well tolerated when administered as a single agent to treat advanced breast cancer. Efficacy has now been demonstrated in randomized trials as first line, second line, and later than the second line treatment of advanced breast...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr3621
更新日期:2014-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::STATEMENT OF FINDINGS: We assessed the association between a glutamine repeat polymorphism in AIB1 and breast cancer risk in a case-control study (464 cases, 624 controls) nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. We observed no association between AIB1 genotype and breast cancer incidence, or specific tumor char...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr82
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Our efforts to prevent and treat breast cancer are significantly impeded by a lack of knowledge of the biology and developmental genetics of the normal mammary gland. In order to provide the specimens that will facilitate such an understanding, The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Ca...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3627
更新日期:2014-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::A new gene associated with a high risk of breast cancer, termed BRCAX, may exist on chromosome 13q. Tumours from multicase Nordic breast cancer families, in which mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 had been excluded, were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization in order to identify a region of interest, which was a...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr290
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to describe breast tumor subtypes by common breast cancer risk factors and to determine correlates of subtypes using baseline data from two pooled prospective breast cancer studies within a large health maintenance organization. METHODS:Tumor data on 2544 invasive breast cancer c...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2261
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metastatic process is a multistep coordinated event with a high degree of efficiency. Specific subpopulations of cancer stem cells, with tumor-initiating and migratory capacity, can selectively migrate towards sites that are able to promote survival and/or proliferation of metastatic tumor cells through a microenv...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr2911
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-angiogenic therapies have demonstrated their value in the setting of advanced cancer, and are being explored for use in micrometastatic disease. Recent preclinical studies suggest that adjuvant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies may increase the risk of metastasis. How concerning are these p...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2250
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Turnover of several regulatory proteins results from targeted destruction via ubiquitination and subsequent degradation through the proteosome. The timely and irreversible degradation of critical regulators is essential for normal cellular function. The precise biochemical mechanisms that are involved in protein turno...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr542
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast tumor kinase (Brk/protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6)) is a nonreceptor, soluble tyrosine kinase overexpressed in the majority of breast tumors. Previous work has placed Brk downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) activation and upstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) a...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr2622
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Experimental evidence suggests a protective role for circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in breast cancer development, but the results of epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. METHODS:We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts, the New York University Women's H...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/bcr3390
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer risk. However, weight gain in middle life contributes substantially to breast cancer risk. Alcohol...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/bcr909
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer arising at a young age is relatively uncommon, particularly in the developed world. Several studies have demonstrated that younger patients often experience a more aggressive disease course and have poorer outcome compared to older women. Expression of key biomarkers, including endocrine receptors, HER2 ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0427-5
更新日期:2014-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting the function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has failed as an effective clinical option for breast cancer. Understanding the drivers of inherent resistance has been a challenge. One possible mechanism is the acquisition of stem-like properties through the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transiti...
journal_title:Breast cancer research : BCR
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0448-0
更新日期:2014-09-23 00:00:00