Abstract:
:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer strategy utilizing light-mediated activation of a photosensitizer (PS) which has accumulated in tumor and/or surrounding vasculature. Upon activation, the PS mediates tumor destruction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and tumor-associated vasculature damage, generally resulting in high tumor cure rates. In addition, a PDT-induced immune response against the tumor has been documented in several studies. However, some contradictory results have been reported as well. With the aim of improving the understanding and awareness of the immunological events triggered by PDT, this review focuses on the immunological effects post-PDT, described in preclinical and clinical studies. The reviewed preclinical evidence indicates that PDT is able to elicit a local inflammatory response in the treated site, which can develop into systemic antitumor immunity, providing long-term tumor growth control. Nevertheless, this aspect of PDT has barely been explored in clinical studies. It is clear that further understanding of these events can impact the design of more potent PDT treatments. Based on the available preclinical knowledge, recommendations are given to guide future clinical research to gain valuable information on the immune response induced by PDT. Such insights directly obtained from cancer patients can only improve the success of PDT treatment, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory approaches.
journal_name
J Clin Medjournal_title
Journal of clinical medicineauthors
Beltrán Hernández I,Yu Y,Ossendorp F,Korbelik M,Oliveira Sdoi
10.3390/jcm9020333subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-24 00:00:00issue
2issn
2077-0383pii
jcm9020333journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This observational, cross-sectional, epidemiological analysis investigated relationships of kidney function to urine calcium and other variables. The analyses targeted two population-based samples of adults (Gubbio study and Moli-sani study: n = 3508 and 955, respectively). Kidney function was assessed as estimated gl...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9124133
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is the main impetus for osteoarthritis (OA) patients to seek healthcare including joint replacement. The pain experience in OA is heterogeneous and affected by factors across multiple domains-peripheral, psychological, and neurological. This indicates the existence of homogenous subgroups/phenotypes within OA pat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9030632
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As much as there are unmet needs for brief frailty assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the lack of a simplified and comprehensive dyspnea evaluation system that focuses on the patients' perceptions of dyspnea and their COPD living disabilities remains a major challenge. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9113580
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Via infection of the basal epithelial cells, HPV causes numerous malignancies and noncancerous cutaneous manifestations. Noncancerous cutaneous manifestations of HPV, including common, plantar, plane, and anogenital warts, are among the most c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm4050832
更新日期:2015-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the published evidence of the validity of DIAGNDOdent and VistaProof in diagnosing carious depths in pre-cavitated lesions. Material and methods: A systematic review was carried out after identifying a total of 184 articles, including 27 concerning the qualitative review and a subsequent meta-analy...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9010020
更新日期:2019-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When a rescuer walks alongside a stretcher and compresses the patient's chest, the rescuer produces low-quality chest compressions. We hypothesized that a stretcher equipped with wing boards allows for better chest compressions than the conventional method. METHODS:In this prospective, randomized, crossover...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9051584
更新日期:2020-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, with the characteristic symptoms of chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both). IBS is a highly prevalent condition, which negatively affects quality of life and is a significant burden on global healthcare...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm6110104
更新日期:2017-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abdominal trauma, leading to intra-abdominal bleeding, is a life-threatening condition that might need emergency surgical intervention. Sonography and Computed Tomography (CT) are most commonly used to detect free intra-abdominal fluid. This study investigates the accuracy of CT to distinguish between ascite...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm10010076
更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between large for gestational age (LGA) at birth and future risk of childhood neoplasm. STUDY DESIGN:a population-based cohort to compare the long-term risk (up to the age of 18 years) of childhood neoplasms (benign and malignant) in children that were bo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9051336
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with phase angle (PA) calculation. PA is considered to be a useful and very sensitive indicator of the nutritional and ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm7120516
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gut microbiota-related metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine, have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Moreover, lower plasma betaine concentrations have been reported in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have explor...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8111813
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the improvement in survival rate, cardiotoxicity has emerged as a significant adverse effect of cancer therapy. Early diagnosis of subclinical cardiac injury may allow the initiation of cardioprotective therapy and preventing the interruption of optimal cancer therapy and the development of irreversible cardiac d...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm10010154
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between vitamin-D (VD) status and healing after hip fracture had not been sufficiently addressed. Currently serum total 25-hydroxy-VD (t-25OHD) is the most widely used indicator of VD status. It is unclear whether free or bioavailable VD are better markers of 25OHD availability for tissues. Validity of ov...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm7080193
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the genetic architecture of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been more thoroughly elucidated. However, there is still insufficient knowledge on the modifiers and regulatory principles that lead to the failure of myocardial function. The current study investigates the association of epigenome-wide DNA ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9051499
更新日期:2020-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychological disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event. This review summarizes the literature on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of PTSD. We provide a review of the characteristics of PTSD along with associated risk factors, and describ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/jcm5110105
更新日期:2016-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Nocturnal (night) eating syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder have common characteristics, but are considered to differ in their level of consciousness during eating behavior and recallability. To date, there have been no large population-based studies determining their similarities and differences. We conducted...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9041243
更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Epistaxis is a common debilitating manifestation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), due to mucocutaneous telangiectases. The epistaxis can be difficult to control despite available treatments. Dysregulated angiogenesis has been shown to be associated with telangiectases formation. Topical propranolol has ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9103130
更新日期:2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to assess the efficacy of canal filling material removal using three different techniques after filling with a Gutta-Percha (GP) cone and calcium silicate-based sealer, by measuring the percentage of volume debris of GP and sealer remaining intracanal with micro computed tomography (micro-CT). The fil...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8070984
更新日期:2019-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our study aims to perform a meta-analysis of benefits and risks associated with the use of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a particular focus on the combination type: dual vs. dual antithrombotic ther...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9041120
更新日期:2020-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The vaginal microbiota plays a critical role in pregnancy. Bacteria from Lactobacillus spp. are thought to maintain immune homeostasis and modulate the inflammatory responses against pathogens implicated in cervical shortening, one of the risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth. We studied vaginal microbiota in 46 ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9113621
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Women affected by Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) experience better outcomes compared to men. Whether a more pronounced Left Ventricular Reverse Remodelling (LVRR) might explain this is still unknown. AIM:We investigated the relationship between LVRR and sex and its long-term outcomes. METHODS:A cohort of 605...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9082426
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Data from clinical trials suggest that biological drugs may improve the outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD) by reducing the need for surgery or hospitalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the time-trends of the use of biological drugs and other treatments for CD, and its relationship with out...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9092896
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Current therapy of Clostridium difficile diarrhea (CDD) is problematic. Optimal treatment for CDD remains oral vancomycin, but there is little data on oral vancomycin dosing regimens. The objective of this C. difficile diarrhea study was to compare the efficacy of "high dose" vancomycin, 500 mg (PO) q6h, as sole treat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm7040075
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents the technical aspects of the Polish fetal cardiac interventions (FCI) program, including preparation of the team and modifications in the technique of the procedure that aim to increase its safety for the mother and the fetus. Over 9 years, 128 FCI in 113 fetuses have been performed: 94 balloon a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9092888
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The clinical practice shows that many low-dose ACTH-stimulation tests have a false positive result. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a low-dose ACTH-stimulation test in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and to define its optimal cut-off. METHODS:We analyzed data from 103...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8060806
更新日期:2019-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) leads to severe vision loss worldwide and is characterized by the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and fibrosis. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of blockade for platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) on the formati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9072242
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a brief procedure, it can cause severe pain and discomfort to patients in the absence of adequate sedation. An admixture of ketamine with propofol (ketofol), may reduce patient movement due to insufficient sedation while providing hemodynamic and...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm8070943
更新日期:2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Atopic eczema (AE) in the elderly is gradually increasing and has been added to the classification of AE in recent years. This investigation retrospectively analyzed 60 patients with elderly AE. Among the clinical characteristics, a male predominance, existence of several patterns of onset and clinical course, and ass...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm4050979
更新日期:2015-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Both pre-gestational maternal obesity (PGMO) and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, we conducted a retrospective study to comparatively examine the relation between fetal birth weight (FW) and placental weight (PW) in PGMO (n = 100) compared to EGWG...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9113530
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::To demonstrate the association of the serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio (sarcopenia index, SI) with clinical outcomes including cardiovascular and bleeding risk in older patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we analyzed a multicenter nation-wide pooled registry. A total of 1086 older p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/jcm9103121
更新日期:2020-09-27 00:00:00