Spatial, temporal and genetic dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The spatial spread of H5N1 avian influenza, significant ongoing mutations, and long-term persistence of the virus in some geographic regions has had an enormous impact on the poultry industry and presents a serious threat to human health. METHODS:We applied phylogenetic analysis, geospatial techniques, and time series models to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5N1 outbreaks in China and the effect of vaccination on virus evolution. RESULTS:Results showed obvious spatial and temporal clusters of H5N1 outbreaks on different scales, which may have been associated with poultry and wild-bird transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Lead-lag relationships were found among poultry and wild-bird outbreaks and human cases. Human cases were preceded by poultry outbreaks, and wild-bird outbreaks were led by human cases. Each clade has gained its own unique spatiotemporal and genetic dominance. Genetic diversity of the H5N1 virus decreased significantly between 1996 and 2011; presumably under strong selective pressure of vaccination. Mean evolutionary rates of H5N1 virus increased after vaccination was adopted in China. A clear signature of positively selected sites in the clade 2.3.2 virus was discovered and this may have resulted in the emergence of clade 2.3.2.1. CONCLUSIONS:Our study revealed two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses in China, and indicated a significant role of poultry in virus dissemination. Furthermore, selective pressure posed by vaccination was found in virus evolution in the country.

journal_name

BMC Infect Dis

journal_title

BMC infectious diseases

authors

Tian H,Cui Y,Dong L,Zhou S,Li X,Huang S,Yang R,Xu B

doi

10.1186/s12879-015-0770-x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-02-13 00:00:00

pages

54

issn

1471-2334

pii

10.1186/s12879-015-0770-x

journal_volume

15

pub_type

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