Abstract：
:We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported.
journal_name
Virusesjournal_title
Virusesauthors
Van Bressem MF,Duignan PJ,Banyard A,Barbieri M,Colegrove KM,De Guise S,Di Guardo G,Dobson A,Domingo M,Fauquier D,Fernandez A,Goldstein T,Grenfell B,Groch KR,Gulland F,Jensen BA,Jepson PD,Hall A,Kuiken T,Mazzariol Sdoi
10.3390/v6125145subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-22 00:00:00pages
5145-81issue
12issn
1999-4915pii
v6125145journal_volume
6pub_type
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