WITHDRAWN: Caesarean delivery for the second twin.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vascular dementia represents the second most common type of dementia. The classification of vascular dementia broadly follows three clinico-pathological processes: multi-infarct dementia, single strategic infarct dementia and subcortical dementia. As not all victims fulfil strict criteria for dementia and ma...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Craig D,Birks J

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Female genital cutting (FGC) refers to all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. There are no known medical benefits to FGC, and it can be potentially dangerous for the...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Balogun OO,Hirayama F,Wariki WM,Koyanagi A,Mori R

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute splenic sequestration crises are a complication of sickle cell disease, with high mortality rates and frequent recurrence in survivors of first attacks. Splenectomy and blood transfusion, with their consequences, are the mainstay of long-term management used in different parts of the world. This is a 2...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Owusu-Ofori S,Remmington T

更新日期：2015-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health ou...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gibson PG,Coughlan J,Wilson AJ,Abramson M,Bauman A,Hensley MJ,Walters EH

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the potential beneficial and adverse effects of pharmacological interventions for people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and to make recommendations for future areas of research. ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Alex R,Ferriter M,Jones H,Huband N,Duggan C,Völlm BA,Stoffers J,Lieb K

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The decision to enter long-term care is often a major life event for older people, made in the context of personal crisis and loss. We hypothesised that the process through which a decision to enter long-term residential care emerges affects the overall psycho-social adjustment to, and acceptance of, this de...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gravolin M,Rowell K,de Groot J

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical wound infections may be caused by the transfer of bacteria from the hands of surgical teams to patients during operations. Surgical scrubbing prior to surgery reduces the number of bacteria on the skin, but wearing rings and nail polish on the fingers may reduce the efficacy of scrubbing, as bacteri...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Arrowsmith VA,Taylor R

更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation often recurs after restoration of normal sinus rhythm. Antiarrhythmic drugs have been widely used to prevent recurrence. This is an update of a review previously published in 2006, 2012 and 2015. OBJECTIVES:To determine the e...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Valembois L,Audureau E,Takeda A,Jarzebowski W,Belmin J,Lafuente-Lafuente C

更新日期：2019-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many women would like to have a choice in pain relief during labour and also would like to avoid invasive methods of pain management in labour. Inhaled analgesia during labour involves the self-administered inhalation of sub-anaesthetic concentrations of agents while the mother remains awake and her protecti...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Klomp T,van Poppel M,Jones L,Lazet J,Di Nisio M,Lagro-Janssen AL

更新日期：2012-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia. AF recurs frequently after restoration of normal sinus rhythm. Antiarrhythmic drugs have been widely used to prevent recurrence, but the effect of these drugs on mortality and other clinical outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVES:To determine, in ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lafuente-Lafuente C,Longas-Tejero MA,Bergmann JF,Belmin J

更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Randomized trials have demonstrated that adding a drug to a single-agent or to a two-agent regimen increased the tumor response rate in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although its impact on survival remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the clinical benefit of adding a dr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Delbaldo C,Michiels S,Rolland E,Syz N,Soria JC,Le Chevalier T,Pignon JP

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Faecal incontinence is a common and potentially distressing disorder of childhood. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of behavioural and/or cognitive interventions for the management of faecal incontinence in children. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (se...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Brazzelli M,Griffiths PV,Cody JD,Tappin D

更新日期：2011-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Propentofylline is a novel therapeutic agent for dementia that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts by blocking the uptake of adenosine and inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase. In vitro and in vivo its mechanism of action appears to be twofold; it inhibits the production of free radicals and ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Frampton M,Harvey RJ,Kirchner V

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The need for sedation for neonates undergoing uncomfortable procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has often been overlooked. Proper sedation may reduce stress and avoid complications during procedures such as mechanical ventilation. Midazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine that has been inc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ng E,Taddio A,Ohlsson A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In cardiac ischaemia, the accumulation of adenosine may lead to or exacerbate bradyasystole and diminish the effectiveness of catecholamines administered during resuscitation. Aminophylline is a competitive adenosine antagonist. Case studies suggest that aminophylline may be effective for atropine-resistant ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hurley KF,Magee K,Green R

更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Individuals with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer recurrent exacerbations with an increase in volume and/or purulence of sputum. Because of the personal and healthcare costs associated with exacerbations, any therapy that reduces the number of exacerbations is use...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Poole P,Black PN

更新日期：2010-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Delayed union and non-union of fractures are a considerable cause of morbidity to patients. Laboratory studies have shown that electromagnetic fields can stimulate the formation of new bone, indicating a potential role for electromagnetic stimulation in the treatment of fractures that have failed to heal. O...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Griffin XL,Costa ML,Parsons N,Smith N

更新日期：2011-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anaemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in many developing countries where nutritional deficiency, malaria and other parasitic infections contribute to increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of iron supplementation o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mahomed K

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by reduced renal potassium excretion in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Potassium binders, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate and calcium polystyrene sulfonate, are widely used but may lead to constipation and other adverse gastrointesti...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Natale P,Palmer SC,Ruospo M,Saglimbene VM,Strippoli GF

更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord infection caused many neonatal deaths before aseptic techniques were used. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of topical cord care in preventing cord infection, illness and death. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials re...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zupan J,Garner P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Bronchiectasis is a long term respiratory condition with an increasing rate of diagnosis. It is associated with persistent symptoms, repeated infective exacerbations, and reduced quality of life, imposing a burden on individuals and healthcare systems. The main aims of therapeutic management are to reduce ex...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kelly C,Grundy S,Lynes D,Evans DJ,Gudur S,Milan SJ,Spencer S

更新日期：2018-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Currently, the two most common surgical techniques for approaching the vas during vasectomy are the incisional method and the no-scalpel technique. Whereas the conventional incisional technique involves the use of a scalpel to make one or two incisions, the no-scalpel technique uses a sharp-pointed, forceps-...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cook LA,Pun A,van Vliet H,Gallo MF,Lopez LM

更新日期：2007-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen also increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and endometrial cancer. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) causes prof...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chin J,Konje JC,Hickey M

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that is characterised by chronic pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. One of every three people with DVT will develop post-thrombotic complications within five years. Several non-pharmaceutical measures...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Appelen D,van Loo E,Prins MH,Neumann MH,Kolbach DN

更新日期：2017-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the UK. Approximately one third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. In order to try to improve outcomes a number of new antiepileptic drugs have been developed and pregabalin is one of these....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pulman J,Hemming K,Marson AG

更新日期：2014-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cerebral malaria is a common complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and kills over a million people every year. People with cerebral malaria become unconscious, and often have protracted convulsions. It is unclear whether giving anticonvulsant drugs routinely to people with cerebral malaria will im...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Meremikwu M,Marson AG

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) have poorer outcomes than infants at term, particularly if born before 32 weeks. Early cord clamping has been standard practice over many years, and enables quick transfer of the infant to neonatal care. Delayed clamping allows blood flow between the placenta...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rabe H,Gyte GM,Díaz-Rossello JL,Duley L

更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared wit...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： East CE,Begg L,Henshall NE,Marchant PR,Wallace K

更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Milnacipran is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is sometimes used to treat chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of milnacipran in the management of chronic neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia. SEARCH METHODS:We se...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Derry S,Gill D,Phillips T,Moore RA

更新日期：2012-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A possible therapeutic effect of diagnostic tubal patency testing has been debated in the literature for half a century. Further debate surrounds whether oil-soluble or water-soluble contrast media might have the bigger fertility-enhancing effect. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of flushing a woman's fall...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Luttjeboer F,Harada T,Hughes E,Johnson N,Lilford R,Mol BW

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00