Exploratory trials, confirmatory observations: a new reasoning model in the era of patient-centered medicine.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to unhealthy environments and inadequate child stimulation are main risk factors that affect children's health and wellbeing in low- and middle-income countries. Interventions that simultaneously address several risk factors at the household level have great potential to reduce these negative effect...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hartinger SM,Nuño N,Hattendorf J,Verastegui H,Karlen W,Ortiz M,Mäusezahl D

更新日期：2020-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is notoriously difficult to recruit patients to randomised controlled trials in primary care. This is particularly true when the disease process under investigation occurs relatively infrequently and must be investigated during a brief time window. Bell's palsy, an acute unilateral paralysis of the facial...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： McKinstry B,Hammersley V,Daly F,Sullivan F

更新日期：2007-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in many developed countries appears to be increasing. There is some evidence from Latin America that COPD is a growing cause of death, but information on prevalence is scant. It is possible that, due to the high frequency of smoking in these coun...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Menezes AM,Victora CG,Perez-Padilla R,PLATINO Team.

更新日期：2004-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide high-quality evidence to guide practice, much routine care is not based upon available RCTs. This disconnect between evidence and practice is not sufficiently well understood. This case study explores this relationship using a novel approach. Better understan...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Byrne BE,Rooshenas L,Lambert HS,Blazeby JM

更新日期：2020-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently the fifth leading cause of death in Australia, and there are marked differences in mortality trends between men and women. In this study, we have sought to model and forecast age related changes in COPD mortality over time for men and women separately...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Erbas B,Ullah S,Hyndman RJ,Scollo M,Abramson M

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The longitudinal birth cohort study is the preferred design for studies of childhood health, particularly atopic disease. Still, prospective data collection depends on recollection of the medical history since the previous visit representing a potential recall-bias. We aimed to ascertain the quality of infor...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Vissing NH,Jensen SM,Bisgaard H

更新日期：2012-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Researchers and policy makers have determined that accounting for productivity costs, or "indirect costs," may be as important as including direct medical expenditures when evaluating the societal value of health interventions. These costs are also important when estimating the global burden of disease. The ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Menzin J,Marton JP,Menzin JA,Willke RJ,Woodward RM,Federico V

更新日期：2012-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:How overall physical activity relates to specific activities and how reported activity changes over time may influence interpretation of observed associations between physical activity and health. We examine the relationships between various physical activities self-reported at different times in a large coh...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Armstrong ME,Cairns BJ,Green J,Reeves GK,Beral V,Million Women Study Collaborators.

更新日期：2011-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In low-income settings, key outcomes such as biomarkers or clinical assessments are often missing for a substantial proportion of the study population. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which Heckman-type selection models can create unbiased estimates in such settings. METHODS:We introduce t...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Koné S,Bonfoh B,Dao D,Koné I,Fink G

更新日期：2019-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Primary care databases are a major source of data for epidemiological and health services research. However, most studies are based on coded information, ignoring information stored in free text. Using the early presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an exemplar, our objective was to estimate the exten...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Ford E,Nicholson A,Koeling R,Tate A,Carroll J,Axelrod L,Smith HE,Rait G,Davies KA,Petersen I,Williams T,Cassell JA

更新日期：2013-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Family members are increasingly involved in the care of cancer patients, however many are not prepared for this challenging role. Intervention-based studies are valuable to inform the most appropriate and effective support for caregivers. Barriers in the recruitment of patient/caregiver dyads exist but the r...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Heckel L,Gunn KM,Livingston PM

更新日期：2018-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Defeat and entrapment have been shown to be of central relevance to the development of different disorders. However, it remains unclear whether they represent two distinct constructs or one overall latent variable. One reason for the unclarity is that traditional factor analytic techniques have trouble estim...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Forkmann T,Teismann T,Stenzel JS,Glaesmer H,de Beurs D

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We developed and validated an automated database case definition for diabetes in children and youth to facilitate pharmacoepidemiologic investigations of medications and the risk of diabetes. METHODS:The present study was part of an in-progress retrospective cohort study of antipsychotics and diabetes in Te...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Bobo WV,Cooper WO,Stein CM,Olfson M,Mounsey J,Daugherty J,Ray WA

更新日期：2012-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The most commonly used survey methods are self-administered questionnaires, telephone interviews, and a mixture of both. But until now evidence out of randomised controlled trials as to whether patient responses differ depending on the survey mode is lacking. Therefore this study assessed whether patient res...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Lungenhausen M,Lange S,Maier C,Schaub C,Trampisch HJ,Endres HG

更新日期：2007-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diet plays an important role in chronic disease, and the use of dietary pattern analysis has grown rapidly as a way of deconstructing the complexity of nutritional intake and its relation to health. Pattern analysis methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have been used to investigate various di...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Zhang F,Tapera TM,Gou J

更新日期：2018-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies examining incident heart failure (HF) have been limited to select populations. To examine incident HF with broader generalizability, there is need to assemble a HF-free cohort using a geographically-diverse sample. We aimed to develop and validate a simple medication-based strategy for assembling a H...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Goyal P,Mefford MT,Chen L,Sterling MR,Durant RW,Safford MM,Levitan EB

更新日期：2020-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple Imputation as usually implemented assumes that data are Missing At Random (MAR), meaning that the underlying missing data mechanism, given the observed data, is independent of the unobserved data. To explore the sensitivity of the inferences to departures from the MAR assumption, we applied the meth...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Héraud-Bousquet V,Larsen C,Carpenter J,Desenclos JC,Le Strat Y

更新日期：2012-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Greater transparency, including sharing of patient-level data for further research, is an increasingly important topic for organisations who sponsor, fund and conduct clinical trials. This is a major paradigm shift with the aim of maximising the value of patient-level data from clinical trials for the benefi...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hollis S,Fletcher C,Lynn F,Urban HJ,Branson J,Burger HU,Tudur Smith C,Sydes MR,Gerlinger C

更新日期：2016-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A zero-inflated continuous outcome is characterized by occurrence of "excess" zeros that more than a single distribution can explain, with the positive observations forming a skewed distribution. Mixture models are employed for regression analysis of zero-inflated data. Moreover, for repeated measures zero-i...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Mahmud S,Lou WW,Johnston NW

更新日期：2010-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diagnostic problems in clinical trials are sometimes ordinal. For example, colon tumor staging was performed according to the TNM classification. However, clinical data are limited by markedly small sample sizes in some stage. METHODS:We propose a distribution-free test for detecting ordered alternatives in...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Chang CH,Chin CC,Yu WW,Huang YY

更新日期：2013-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thresholds for statistical significance are insufficiently demonstrated by 95% confidence intervals or P-values when assessing results from randomised clinical trials. First, a P-value only shows the probability of getting a result assuming that the null hypothesis is true and does not reflect the probabilit...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Jakobsen JC,Gluud C,Winkel P,Lange T,Wetterslev J

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:When investigating subgroup effects in meta-analysis, it is unclear whether accounting in meta-regression for between-trial variation in treatment effects, but not between-trial variation in treatment interaction effects when such effects are present, leads to biased estimates, coverage problems, or wrong st...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： da Costa BR,Sutton AJ

更新日期：2019-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The development of risk prediction models is of increasing importance in medical research - their use in practice, however, is rare. Among other reasons this might be due to the fact that thorough validation is often lacking. This study focuses on two Bayesian approaches of how to validate a prediction rule ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Held U,Bové DS,Steurer J,Held L

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Claims databases are generally considered inadequate for obesity research due to suboptimal capture of body mass index (BMI) measurements. This might not be true for bariatric surgery because of reimbursement requirements and changes in coding systems. We assessed the availability and validity of claims-base...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Li X,Lewis KH,Callaway K,Wharam JF,Toh S

更新日期：2020-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Emergency Departments (EDs) are a first point-of-contact for many youth with mental health and suicidality concerns and can serve as an effective recruitment source for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mental health interventions. However, recruitment in acute care settings is impeded by several challe...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Tracey M,Finkelstein Y,Schachter R,Cleverley K,Monga S,Barwick M,Szatmari P,Moretti ME,Willan A,Henderson J,Korczak DJ

更新日期：2020-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Community Reintegration of Service Members (CRIS) is a new measure of community reintegration developed to measure veteran's participation in life roles. It consists of three sub-scales: Extent of Participation (Extent), Perceived Limitations with Participation (Perceived), and Satisfaction with Particip...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Resnik LJ,Clark MA,Borgia M

更新日期：2011-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In randomised controlled trials, the assumption of independence of individual observations is fundamental to the design, analysis and interpretation of studies. However, in individually randomised trials in primary care, this assumption may be violated because patients are naturally clustered within primary ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Stuart B,Becque T,Moore M,Little P

更新日期：2020-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evidence-based practice. However, RCTs can have limitations. For example, translation of findings into practice can be limited by design features, such as inclusion criteria, not accurately reflecting clinical populations. In addition, it is expen...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Lemanska A,Byford RC,Cruickshank C,Dearnaley DP,Ferreira F,Griffin C,Hall E,Hinton W,de Lusignan S,Sherlock J,Faithfull S

更新日期：2020-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Precise predictions of incidence and mortality rates due to breast cancer (BC) are required for planning of public health programs as well as for clinical services. A number of approaches has been established for prediction of mortality using stochastic models. The performance of these models intensely depen...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Mubarik S,Hu Y,Yu C

更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The ethical, methodological, and technical aspects of pediatric research, often results in complications and delays in implementation. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the implementation duration of hospital-based pediatric studies. METHODS:All hospital-based pediatric studies sponsored...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Meier-Girard D,Tibi A,Abdoul H,Prot-Labarthe S,Brion F,Bourdon O,Alberti C

更新日期：2016-03-29 00:00:00