The thresholds for statistical and clinical significance - a five-step procedure for evaluation of intervention effects in randomised clinical trials.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dichotomisation of continuous outcomes has been rightly criticised by statisticians because of the loss of information incurred. However to communicate a comparison of risks, dichotomised outcomes may be necessary. Peacock et al. developed a distributional approach to the dichotomisation of normally distribu...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Sauzet O,Ofuya M,Peacock JL

更新日期：2015-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a rare disease with extreme between-subject variability, especially with respect to rate of disease progression. This makes modelling a subject's disease progression, which is measured by the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS), ver...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Karanevich AG,Statland JM,Gajewski BJ,He J

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures play a key role in the advancement of patient-centered care research. The accuracy of inferences, relevance of predictions, and the true nature of the associations made with PRO data depend on the validity of these measures. Errors inherent to self-report measures can ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Dowling NM,Bolt DM,Deng S,Li C

更新日期：2016-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods perform poorly when applied to few studies only. Such settings however are commonly encountered in practice. It is unclear, whether or to what extent small-sample-size behaviour can be improved by more sophisticated modeling. METHODS:We consider likelihood-based...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Seide SE,Röver C,Friede T

更新日期：2019-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that industry-sponsored meta-analyses of drugs lack scientific rigour and have biased conclusions. However, these studies have been restricted to certain medical specialities. We compared all industry-supported meta-analyses of drug-drug comparisons with those without industry support. ME...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Jørgensen AW,Maric KL,Tendal B,Faurschou A,Gøtzsche PC

更新日期：2008-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A key component of the implementation process is identifying potential barriers and facilitators that need to be addressed. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is one of the most commonly used frameworks for this purpose. When applying the TDF, it is critical to understand the context in which behaviours...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Etherington N,Rodrigues IB,Giangregorio L,Graham ID,Hoens AM,Kasperavicius D,Kelly C,Moore JE,Ponzano M,Presseau J,Sibley KM,Straus S

更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Outcomes collected in randomized clinical trials are observations of random variables that should be independent and identically distributed. However, in some trials, the patients are randomized more than once thus violating both of these assumptions. The probability of an event is not always the same when a...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hozo I,Djulbegovic B,Clark O,Lyman GH

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diagnostic tests are performed in a subset of the population who are at higher risk, resulting in undiagnosed cases among those who do not receive the test. This poses a challenge for estimating the prevalence of the disease in the study population, and also for studying the risk factors for the disease. ME...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Zhang N,Cheng S,Ambroggio L,Florin TA,Macaluso M

更新日期：2017-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Centralisation of thrombolysis may offer substantial benefits. The aim of this study was to assess short term costs and effects of centralisation of thrombolysis and optimised care in a decentralised system. METHODS:Using simulation modelling, three scenarios to improve decentralised settings in the North o...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Lahr MM,van der Zee DJ,Luijckx GJ,Vroomen PC,Buskens E

更新日期：2017-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Systematic reviews often require substantial resources, partially due to the large number of records identified during searching. Although artificial intelligence may not be ready to fully replace human reviewers, it may accelerate and reduce the screening burden. Using DistillerSR (May 2020 release), we eva...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hamel C,Kelly SE,Thavorn K,Rice DB,Wells GA,Hutton B

更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Physical activity is an important determinant of health. Walking is the most common physical activity performed by adults and the presence of sidewalks along roads is a determinant of walking. Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to measure sidewalks; however, GIS sidewalk data are difficult to a...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Janssen I,Rosu A

更新日期：2012-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In longitudinal studies where subjects experience recurrent incidents over a period of time, such as respiratory infections, fever or diarrhea, statistical methods are required to take into account the within-subject correlation. METHODS:For repeated events data with censored failure, the independent increm...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Villegas R,Julià O,Ocaña J

更新日期：2013-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Postal self-completion questionnaires offer one of the least expensive modes of collecting patient based outcomes in health care research. The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy of methods of increasing response to postal questionnaires in health care studies on patient populations. METHODS:Th...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Nakash RA,Hutton JL,Jørstad-Stein EC,Gates S,Lamb SE

更新日期：2006-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess cross-cultural validity between Dutch and English versions of the FVQ_CYP, a patient-reported outcome measure developed in the United Kingdom (UK) for children and adolescents with (severe) visual impairment or blindness (VI for brevity) to measure functional vision. METHODS:The 36-item FVQ_CYP wa...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Elsman EBM,Tadić V,Peeters CFW,van Rens GHMB,Rahi JS,van Nispen RMA

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:One of the main challenges for drug evaluation in rare diseases is the often heterogeneous course of these diseases. Traditional outcome measures may not be applicable for all patients, when they are in different stages of their disease. For instance, in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, the Six Minute Walk Test ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Gaasterland CM,Jansen-van der Weide MC,Weinreich SS,van der Lee JH

更新日期：2016-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although some nonparametric methods have been proposed in the literature to test for the equality of median survival times for censored data in medical research, in general they have inflated type I error rates, which make their use limited in practice, especially when the sample sizes are small. METHODS:In...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Chen Z,Zhang G

更新日期：2016-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To accurately predict the response to treatment, we need a stable and effective risk score that can be calculated from patient characteristics. When we evaluate such risks from time-to-event data with right-censoring, Cox's proportional hazards model is the most popular for estimating the linear risk score. ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Omae K,Eguchi S

更新日期：2020-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Navigating the world of qualitative thematic analysis can be challenging. This is compounded by the fact that detailed descriptions of methods are often omitted from qualitative discussions. While qualitative research methodologies are now mature, there often remains a lack of fine detail in their descriptio...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Roberts K,Dowell A,Nie JB

更新日期：2019-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic growth is the positive change resulting from traumatic experiences and is typically assessed with retrospective measures like the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The PTGI was designed to include reference to a specific traumatic event, making it difficult to implement, without change, in...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Kaur N,Porter B,LeardMann CA,Tobin LE,Lemus H,Luxton DD,Millennium Cohort Study Team.

更新日期：2017-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Statistical time series derived from administrative data sets form key indicators in measuring progress in addressing disadvantage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in Australia. However, inconsistencies in the reporting of Indigenous status can cause difficulties in producing reliable ind...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Lawrence D,Christensen D,Mitrou F,Draper G,Davis G,McKeown S,McAullay D,Pearson G,Zubrick SR

更新日期：2012-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In a random effects meta-analysis model, true treatment effects for each study are routinely assumed to follow a normal distribution. However, normality is a restrictive assumption and the misspecification of the random effects distribution may result in a misleading estimate of overall mean for the treatmen...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Yamaguchi Y,Maruo K,Partlett C,Riley RD

更新日期：2017-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a recognised need to build primary care medication adherence services which are tailored to patients' needs. Continuous quality improvement of such services requires a regular working method of measuring adherence in order to monitor effectiveness. Self report has been considered the method of choic...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Garfield S,Clifford S,Eliasson L,Barber N,Willson A

更新日期：2011-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used in studies in healthcare research but there is still little empirical evidence for the predictive value of these hypothetical situations in similar real life circumstances. The aim of this paper is to compare the stated preferences in a DCE and the acc...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Lambooij MS,Harmsen IA,Veldwijk J,de Melker H,Mollema L,van Weert YW,de Wit GA

更新日期：2015-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:When conducting a meta-analysis of a continuous outcome, estimated means and standard deviations from the selected studies are required in order to obtain an overall estimate of the mean effect and its confidence interval. If these quantities are not directly reported in the publications, they must be estima...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Kwon D,Reis IM

更新日期：2015-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Models of hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics are increasingly used to estimate and to compare in vivo drug's antiviral effectiveness of new potent anti-HCV agents. Viral kinetic parameters can be estimated using non-linear mixed effect models (NLMEM). Here we aimed to evaluate the performance of this approach ...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Laouénan C,Guedj J,Mentré F

更新日期：2013-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The construction of prediction intervals (PIs) for future body mass index (BMI) values of individual children based on a recent German birth cohort study with n = 2007 children is problematic for standard parametric approaches, as the BMI distribution in childhood is typically skewed depending on age. METHO...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Mayr A,Hothorn T,Fenske N

更新日期：2012-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Available methods for the joint modelling of longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes have typically only allowed for a single longitudinal outcome and a solitary event time. In practice, clinical studies are likely to record multiple longitudinal outcomes. Incorporating all sources of data will improve the p...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hickey GL,Philipson P,Jorgensen A,Kolamunnage-Dona R

更新日期：2016-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cluster randomised controlled trials (CRCTs) are frequently used in health service evaluation. Assuming an average cluster size, required sample sizes are readily computed for both binary and continuous outcomes, by estimating a design effect or inflation factor. However, where the number of clusters are fix...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Hemming K,Girling AJ,Sitch AJ,Marsh J,Lilford RJ

更新日期：2011-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis typically involves combining the estimates from independent studies in order to estimate a parameter of interest across a population of studies. However, outliers often occur even under the random effects model. The presence of such outliers could substantially alter the conclusions in a meta-a...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Gumedze FN,Jackson D

更新日期：2011-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multilevel models for non-normal outcomes are widely used in medical and health sciences research. While methods for interpreting fixed effects are well-developed, methods to quantify and interpret random cluster variation and compare it with other sources of variation are less established. Random cluster va...

journal_title：BMC medical research methodology

authors： Glorioso TJ,Grunwald GK,Ho PM,Maddox TM

更新日期：2018-07-06 00:00:00