Abstract：
:The blink reflex consists of an early, pontine R1-component and a late, medullary R2-component. R1 and R2 can be evoked by innocuous stimuli, but only the R2 also by painful heat, suggesting that the R2 is mediated by wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Remote noxious stimuli suppress the activity in WDR neurons via activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), whereas low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons (LTM) are unaffected. In order to characterize the trigeminal interneurons of R1 and R2 we investigated the modulation of the blink reflex by remote painful heat. The blink reflex was elicited in 11 healthy subjects by innocuous electrical pulses applied to the left supraorbital nerve. The remote, painful heat stimuli were applied by a Peltier type thermode to the left volar forearm. Remote painful heat of 44 to 46 degreesC significantly suppressed the R2 by 15% (p<0.01), while the R1 remained unchanged. These results provide further evidence that the R2 is mediated by medullary WDR neurons and the R1 by pontine LTM neurons.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Ellrich J,Treede RDdoi
10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00646-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-24 00:00:00pages
161-8issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(98)00646-5journal_volume
803pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Interaural intensity and time differences (IID and ITD) are two binaural auditory cues for localizing sounds in space. This study investigated the spatio-temporal brain mechanisms for processing and integrating IID and ITD cues in humans. Auditory-evoked potentials were recorded, while subjects passively listened to n...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.095
更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Nociceptin/orphanin FQ is an endogenous neuropeptide that plays important roles in several physiological functions including pain, anxiety, locomotion, learning, and memory. We previously reported that low doses of nociceptin improved the scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory in the passive avoidance t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.008
更新日期：2008-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha-synuclein is a natively unfolded protein playing a key role in the regulation of several neuronal synaptic functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Many studies, over the past years, have shown that it is actively involved in PD pathophysiology. Alpha-synuclein is integrated in a complex network o...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work evaluated the reproducibility and variance of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to natural whisker stimulation in the barrel cortex of awake behaving mice. The animal was placed on an air float ball that allowed the animal to walk, while the head of the animal was fixed in a custom-made stereotac...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.007
更新日期：2011-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) are likely to play a key role in sensory transmission in the spinal cord. In the present study, the microiontophoresis technique was used to investigate the effects of L-glutamate (GLUT), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and quisqualate (QUIS), as well as an NMDA receptor antagonist, AP-7, on...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90991-4
更新日期：1991-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal mouse retinal ganglion cell axons have been shown to ramify within co-cultured basement membrane secreting tumor explants and upon isolated basement membranes. Here we report that laminin, a glycoprotein found in basement membranes and adhesion sites of a variety of cell types, acted as a substrate for retinal e...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(84)90184-6
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in two genes, alpha-synuclein and parkin, have been identified as some rare causes for familial Parkinson's disease (PD). alpha-Synuclein and parkin protein have subsequently been identified in Lewy bodies (LB). To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of PD we investigated the role of neurofilament lig...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03138-4
更新日期：2002-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A role for glutamatergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NA) in both the expression and extinction of cocaine seeking has been suggested. The effects of extinction following cocaine self-administration on the expression and synaptosomal distribution of GluR1 and NMDAR1 glutamate receptor subunits in the NA shell a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.047
更新日期：2009-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：:There is evidence that heme oxygenase plays a role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species and thereby has neuroprotective effects. We examined the interaction of Neotrofin, a cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective drug, with the heme oxygenase system. In adult rats, both a single administration or seven ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03670-3
更新日期：2003-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth of corticospinal tract (CST) axons was studied quantitatively at the 7th cervical (C7) and the 4th lumbar (L4) spinal segments in the balb/cByJ mice at the ages of postnatal day (P) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 28. The cross-sectional area of the CST increased progressively with time. Unmyelinated axons, the ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.036
更新日期：2006-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported the presence of Erk2 type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and enrichment of its substrates in the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction, and suggested a role for MAPK in the synaptic transmission and its modulation [Suzuki, T., Okumura-Noji, K., Nishida, E., ERK2-type mitogen-activated pr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01762-x
更新日期：1999-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously observed that chronic cocaine administration increases levels of adenylyl cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In the present work we directly examined the involvement of the cAMP system at the level of the NAc in cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sens...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00030-t
更新日期：1995-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of spinal cord hemisection on protein labeling in the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cortex in the Cebus monkey were studied by measuring the uptake of [3H]lysine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable and non-precipitable fractions of brain. Animals were sacrificed 3, 6 or 13 days after hemisectio...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(77)90458-9
更新日期：1977-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinotectal projections were studied in 33 different species of Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, with horseradish peroxidase and cobalt tracing techniques. The distribution of retinorecipient layers in the contralateral optic tectum was analyzed. In addition, the degree of differentiation of the stratum periven...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(87)91248-0
更新日期：1987-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated that sensory hair cells in the avian inner ear are reproduced by cell proliferation in response to the death of the original hair cell population. The regenerated hair cells appear to construct functional synaptic contacts, thereby transmitting acoustic signals to the peripheral nervou...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01467-5
更新日期：1996-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Determining the mechanism by which fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers are taken up requires knowledge of their composition. It has been claimed that Fluoro-Gold, a retrogradely transported fluorescent neuronal tracer, is 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene (hydroxystilbamidine), an amidine antibiotic. However, this ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90241-m
更新日期：1991-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a double-labelling procedure, morphological relationships existing between dopaminergic and indoleaminergic neuronal systems in the rat brain were investigated. First, thanks to a tryptamine (T) antiserum, we visualized this indoleamine in all mesencephalic regions and showed that the T-immunoreactivity (IR) see...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)91182-g
更新日期：1990-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral effects of lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) on two spatial discrimination tasks (place navigation and cross maze) were examined in the rat. These tasks were designed to test reference memory. Lesions by bilateral injection of ibotenic acid into the NBM led to a severe and permanent i...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90079-0
更新日期：1988-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated monocytes/macrophages are known to release toxic materials. Identification of these materials is important for developing more effective treatments for inflammatory disorders where self attack occurs. We stimulated human monocytes and THP-1 cells with LPS/IFNγ and measured the toxic effects of their conditio...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.021
更新日期：2011-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Attack by a cat on a rat was elicited by electrical stimulation of the ventral parabrachial nucleus or the paralemniscal pontine reticular formation. The attack was quiet and it differed from similar behavior elicited at other sites in that the cat not only bit the rat but struck it with its paw. Horseradish peroxidas...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90009-x
更新日期：1979-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular single unit recordings were made from various depths in the left olfactory bulb of ten anaesthetised, freely breathing adult hens (Gallus domesticus) using glass insulated tungsten microelectrodes. The 66 spontaneously active neurons recorded had widely variable firing rates (mean 4.9 spikes/s, range 0.1...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03376-5
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have shown earlier that nicotinic agonists induce the release of noradrenaline from chick sympathetic neurons in culture in two ways: (a) by activating the postsynaptic nicotinic receptors on nerve cell bodies, giving rise to spreading electrical activity and opening of voltage operated calcium channels in neuronal...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00876-1
更新日期：1996-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the fact that several recent reports have indicated that non-immunosuppressive immunophilin ligands (IPLs) can activate neurite outgrowth or nerve regeneration, we investigated the neurotrophic factor-activating abilities of IPLs in vivo in order to clarify the molecular basis of neurotrophic-like activity. B...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02434-x
更新日期：2003-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on intracranial pressure (ICP), blood pressure (BP) and plasma AVP were investigated in conscious goats. The animals were implanted with ventricular (V) and cisternal (C) cannulae under halothane anaesthesia and allowed to recover p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(87)90850-x
更新日期：1987-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptide K (NPK), a member of the kassinin-like tachykinin family, is contained in the rat hypothalamus and is known to stimulate pituitary ACTH release. The intraperitoneal bolus administration of NPK dose-dependently enhanced corticosterone blood level not only in intact rats, but also in hypophysectomized/ACTH ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)91185-1
更新日期：1994-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the influence of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, on cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in rat primary astrocytes. MDP alone did not induce NO release in astrocyte cultures. However, MDP increased astrocyte NO production and subsequent nitrite accumul...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02920-6
更新日期：2000-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The suspected functional role of dendritic spines as loci of neuronal plasticity (possibly memory and learning) is greatly enriched when active membrane properties are assumed at the spine head. Computations with reasonable electrical and structural parameter values (corresponding to an optimal range for spine stem re...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90333-6
更新日期：1985-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Ovarian steroid hormones influence not only seizure phenomena, but also the neuronal cell death that follows. In the present study, we applied two models of ovarian steroid loss, ovariectomy and chemically-induced ovarian failure, to evaluate kainate-induced seizure activity and the susceptibility of hippocampal neuro...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.023
更新日期：2009-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Some afferent fibers from the pudendal nerve of the female cat were stimulated by pressing on the perineal skin, the vagina or the uterine cervix. Three different types of skin mechanoreceptors were found: (1) with low threshold (< 20 mg) and slow-adapting discharges; (2) with high threshold (0.1-0.5 g) and slow-adapt...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)91589-x
更新日期：1994-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate the functional significance of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors identified by previous receptor autoradiography studies to be located presynaptically on terminals of dopaminergic neurones projecting to the striatum. Microdialysis was performed in the striatum of conscious freely mo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)90902-y
更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00
