Abstract:
:Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sulphydryl compounds, such as the thiopurine drugs azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine. These drugs form the same terminal metabolites, the thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs). One major influence on thiopurine therapy is the inherited activity of TPMT. TPMT "deficiency" is associated with grossly elevated TGN concentrations and profound toxicity after a short course of thiopurine therapy. Variant alleles producing a functional loss of TPMT activity have now been described. Although all the ethnic groups investigated to date have the same wild-type enzyme, TPMT variant allele frequencies vary. Potentially, TPMT activity can influence a number of compounds that could be coadministered with thiopurine drugs. After a therapeutic dose of aspirin, plasma concentrations of salicylic acid are within the range for TPMT inhibition. Sulfasalazine and its metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibit TPMT, and concurrent furosemide therapy could influence the S-methylation of thiopurines. In addition, TPMT could interfere with disulfiram treatment in alcoholism. TPMT S-methylates the diethyldithiocarbamate metabolite involved in disulfiram activation.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Lennard Ldoi
10.1097/00007691-199810000-00014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-10-01 00:00:00pages
527-31issue
5eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The authors refer to their experience with alternative matrices to supervise the methadone therapy of heroin abusers. For this purpose, hair, sweat, and urine samples were collected from 10 heroin addicts and from a control group and were submitted to gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic analysis for methadone and i...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31811f1bbe
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An accurate and specific liquid chromatographic method for the separation and analysis of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of both aminoglutethimide (AG) and its acetylated metabolite (AcAG) in plasma, saliva, and urine is described. The separation was achieved by use of two serial Chiralcel OD columns [cellulose tris(3,...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199510000-00017
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 64-year-old man with chronic renal insufficiency was hospitalized with dysphagia and inability to keep his head erect 11 months after beginning procainamide hydrochloride (PA) for control of atrial flutter. Evaluation revealed esophageal dysmotility, worsening renal function, and elevated serum PA and N-acetylprocai...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199306000-00013
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No information on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of amlodipine (AML) metabolites is available. This study aimed to develop a method based on isocratic liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of AML and its 2 major metabolites, dehydroamlodipine (DH-AM...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000449
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of substance-related disorders is moderate at best. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve outcomes. Because TDM for most of those drugs is not established, the authors reviewed the literature and built a rating scale to detect the potentia...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31822fbf7c
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperlipidemia interferes with spectrophotometric assays of a number of analytes. No interference was found in the assay of gentamicin, phenytoin, or phenobarbital due to turbidity in levels of triglyceride less than or equal to 2,000 mg/dl with the Abbott TDx or Syva enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) methods. Ther...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198703000-00013
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentration-antidepressant response relationships for dothiepin, nordothiepin, dothiepin-S-oxide, and nordothiepin-S-oxide were investigated in 50 patients (33 women and 17 men), who had had a major depressive episode. Depression and anxiety were assessed at the start of therapy and after 2 and 4 weeks by mea...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199310000-00001
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently, high-dose oral synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was shown to alleviate cannabis withdrawal symptoms. The present data describe cannabinoid pharmacokinetics in chronic, daily cannabis smokers who received high-dose oral THC pharmacotherapy and later a smoked cannabis challenge. METHODS:...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182a5c446
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentobarbital serum concentrations associated with a high-dose therapeutic regimen were determined using EMIT immunoassay reagents. Replicate analyses of serum controls resulted in a within-assay coefficient of variation of 5.0% and a between-assay coefficient of variation of 10%. Regression analysis of 44 serum sampl...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simplified pharmacokinetic methods have been used to estimate caffeine clearance in subjects with liver disease. There is a need to have a reliable, easy to implement method for research and possible clinical use. This study evaluates the use of Bayesian pharmacokinetic forecasting techniques to estimate caffeine clea...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199802000-00015
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 12 institutionalized epilepsy patients who had been treated 19 months (SD +/- 5) with valproic acid, 27.0 mg/kg (SD +/- 11.9), phenytoin, 6.33 mg/kg (SD +/- 1.36), and co-anticonvulsants, the mean percentage of daily free valproic acid was 11.72 (SD +/- 2.10) and of phenytoin 20.39 (SD +/- 3.32). By serial within-d...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198103000-00013
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the late 90s, biopharmaceuticals targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha have revolutionized the treatment of moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease. The robust efficacy witnessed in many patients stands in stark contrast with the observation of a proportion of patients who fail to respond or who...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000394
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Their common clinical use, frequency of adverse effects, serious therapeutic indications, treatment failures, and availability of sensitive assays make corticosteroids such as prednisone and prednisolone candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring. Complicating the interpretation of plasma drug concentrations are the f...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-198004000-00011
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the determination of sulforidazine in human plasma was developed using an antiserum raised in rabbits immunized with N-(2-carboxyethyl)desmethylsulforidazine-porcine thyroglobulin conjugate. The RIA procedure can measure as low as 40 pg of sulforidazine in a 200-microliter human ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198802000-00016
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RMP) and its principal active metabolite desacetylrifampicin (DA-RMP) were studied in six subjects, ranging in age from 78 to 95 years, after single oral doses of 10 mg/kg RMP. The maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the elimination half-lives (t 1/2 beta) of RMP are 8.83 +/- 1...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198303000-00004
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two published case reports showed that addition of risperidone (1 and 2 mg/d) to a clozapine treatment resulted in a strong increase of clozapine plasma levels. As clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 isozymes, a study was initiated to assess the in vivo interaction potential of risperidone on various cytochrom...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200106000-00008
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is commonly employed to optimize the dosing of certain drugs, including digoxin, aminoglycosides, theophylline, and phenytoin. Studies were reviewed in order to (a) evaluate the effect of TDM on the occurrence of toxic drug reactions (TDRs) and (b) identify factors that may modify or ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/00007691-199001000-00013
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide A, one of the major bioactive ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong, which is commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, was studied in rats. After intravenous (IV) administration, senkyunolide A was extensively distributed (Vd/F:...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31802c5862
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study develops a population pharmacokinetic model for lamotrigine (LTG) in Spanish and German patients diagnosed with epilepsy. LTG steady-state plasma concentration data from therapeutic drug monitoring were collected retrospectively from 600 patients, with a total of 1699 plasma drug concentrations. The data we...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31817fd4d4
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three automated immunoassays for digoxin in serum were evaluated--Abbott TDxII, Baxter Stratus, and Behring OPUS. The accuracy and precision of the assays were assessed by weighed-in controls and an external quality control program. Coefficients of variation of all methods in serum were < or = 10% at weighed-in concen...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199502000-00011
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four different immunoassays were used to measure cyclosporine A (CsA) plasma (20 degrees C) levels in heart and kidney transplant recipients. Two radioimmunoassays (RIAs) (Sandimmune and Cyclotrac) and the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) were based on polyclonal antibodies, whereas the fourth (Cyclotrac-S...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199011000-00006
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding characteristics of the antiepileptic agent and teratogen valproic acid for human serum and human placenta were investigated utilizing equilibrium dialysis of the drugs in serum and in homogenates of whole placenta so that the transplacental transfer of the drug could be better defined. A low-capacity, high...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000158077.07836.9a
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In psychopharmacology, treatment with psychotropic drugs is often suboptimal, mainly because of the high interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic properties. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be a valuable tool for monitoring the individual effects of a prescribed dosage in a patient, and it facili...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000197
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapamycin (RAPA) is a new immunosuppressive drug with a potency similar to that of FK506 and up to a 100-fold greater than that of cyclosporine (CsA). RAPA has shown to be efficacious in the prolongation of allograft survival in a number of animal models. In early studies, RAPA was administered on a dose/weight basis,...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-199312000-00004
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of isepamicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), microbiological assay (MA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in healthy volunteers after administration of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular dosages once daily for 10 days. Plasma samples were collec...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199712000-00012
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and reliable micro procedure for the high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of cimetidine. N"-cyano-N-methyl-N'-[2-[[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine, in serum or plasma is described. The percentage analytical recovery of cimetidine and internal standard (beta-hydroxypropyl-theophy...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-197901030-00010
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of whole blood and plasma levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) by radioimmunoassay in kidney transplant recipients receiving the drug showed that CsA concentrations in plasma increased nonlinearly when whole blood levels of the drug exceeded 1,000 ng/ml. At low plasma levels (less than 200 ng/ml), most of the CsA...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198503000-00010
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted to determine whether assay-specific quantitative differences exist in the determination of vancomycin serum concentrations obtained from patients with renal dysfunction. Vancomycin serum concentrations were obtained during the first week of therapy for each of three time intervals: 48-96 h, 96-14...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199612000-00004
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is a potentially useful alternative to theophylline for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity because of its lower toxicity and longer terminal half-life. Monitoring of salivary caffeine concentrations is less invasive than blood sampling, especially in very sick premature neonates. Caffeine ci...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199606000-00012
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral pulsed high-dose dexamethasone were studied in four patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Doses for dexamethasone were varied from 100 to 300 mg. Serum concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with diode assay detection. Bioavailability was ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199910000-00007
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00