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Gender differences in depression: an ethological study of nonverbal behavior during interviews.

Abstract：

:Previous studies of gender differences in the phenomenology of depression have focused mostly on symptoms as measured by self-report questionnaires or clinician-rated scales. In this study, we examined gender differences in the interpersonal behavior of depressed patients by using ethological techniques which involve direct observation of behavior. The nonverbal behavior of 72 nondepressed volunteers and 68 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of nonpsychotic unipolar depression was videorecorded during clinical interviews and scored according to an ethological scoring system including 37 behavior patterns, mostly facial expressions and hand movements. Both male and female depressed patients showed a global restriction of nonverbal expressiveness reflecting a tendency towards social withdrawal. Nonverbal expression of hostility was the only behavioral category on which depressed patients scored higher than nondepressed volunteers. Even though clinical status exerted marked effects on the ethological profile, depression did not obscure some important differences in the nonverbal behavior of males and females. As a group, depressed women showed more socially interactive behaviors than depressed men. Their modality of interacting included higher levels both of nonverbal hostility and of submissive and affiliative behaviors. These results are discussed in view of clinical data indicating a relationship between gender, style of social interaction and response to antidepressant drugs.

journal_name

J Psychiatr Res

journal_title

Journal of psychiatric research

authors

Troisi A,Moles A

doi

10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00064-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1999-05-01 00:00:00

pages

243-50

issue

3

eissn

0022-3956

issn

1879-1379

pii

S0022-3956(98)00064-8

journal_volume

33

pub_type

临床试验,杂志文章

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