Abstract：
:In the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals axonal regeneration is limited by two main factors: first, the low intrinsic regenerative potential of adult CNS neurons and second, inhibitory influences of the glial and extracellular environment. Myelin-associated inhibitors of neurite growth as well as some properties of so called "reactive astrocytes" contribute to the non-permissive of CNS tissue for axonal growth. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) environment is supportive of regeneration because Schwann cells provide suitable substrates for regrowing axons. Purified PNS myelin, however, inhibits growth of PNS and CNS axons to a similar extent as does CNS myelin. The molecular basis of glial substrate properties has been studied intensively in the recent years and a large number of molecules have been recognized which might play a role in the regulation of axonal growth. Although the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood, accumulating data shed light on the complex interactions between neurons and glia that are required to establish, maintain, and regenerate axonal connections in the nervous system. In the following chapter we review the role of glial cells in the CNS and PNS during processes of de- and regeneration with respect to our own work.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Hirsch S,Bähr Mdoi
10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
199-205eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
468pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Long term steroid therapy is complicated by osteoporosis and generalised thinning of the skin. These two complications of long term corticosteroid therapy were routinely assessed at the Menopause Clinic of St. Luke's Hospital, Medical School, University of Malta. METHODS:A cross sectional study was performe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_65
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use ofneonicotinoid insecticides has grown considerably since their introduction in 1990s. They are used extensively for the control of agriculturally important crop pests and also in the control of cat and dog fleas. Imidacloprid exploited through an elaborated structural and substituent optimization of nithiazin...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Programmed cell death occurs in the nervous system both in normal development as well as in pathologic conditions, and is a key issue related to both brain repair and neurodegenerative diseases. Modulation of cell death in the nervous system may involve neurotrophic factors and other peptides, neurotransmitters and ne...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-387-30128-3_10
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicobacter pylori infection of the human stomach is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease or gastric carcinoma, and thus a high burden for the public health systems worldwide. Fortunately, only a small subfraction of up to 15-20% of infected individuals will develop serious complications. Unfortuna...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2019_362
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In sexual reproduction in humans, a man has a clear interest in ensuring that the immune system of his female partner accepts the semi-allogenic fetus. Increasing attention has been given to soluble immunomodulatory molecules in the seminal fluid as one mechanism of ensuring this, possibly by "priming" the woman's imm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_8
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stargardt disease (STGD) is one of the most common macular dystrophies in young adults. It progresses slowly. Its prevalence is about 1:8000-10,000. Age of onset is a surrogate marker: The earlier the onset, the more severe the disease course. Onset usually occurs in childhood or early adolescence, at about 10-15 year...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-95046-4_27
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We identified a 45 kDa Ca(2+)-dependent Lf binding protein on rat hepatocytes. Dithiobis(sulfosuccimidylproprionate) (DTSSP)-crosslinked 125I-Lf to a 45 kDa adduct in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner on intact cells. The 125I-labeled crosslinked complexes were absent when either surface-bound 125I-Lf was stripped prior to cr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional oxygen-17 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and localized spectroscopy is defined as the ensemble of MR measurements aiming at in vivo, noninvasive characterization of oxygen transport and utilization. After a brief description of the present status of in vivo 17O-MR, preliminary results are reported on oxyge...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0205-0_35
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune responses are controlled by the optimal balance between protective immunity and immune tolerance. T-cell receptor (TCR) signals are modulated by co-signaling molecules, which are divided into co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. By expression at the appropriate time and location, co-signaling molecules p...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_2
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computer-aided diagnosis provides a medical procedure that assists physicians in interpretation of medical images. This work focuses on computer-aided tongue image analysis specifically, based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Tongue diagnosis is an important component of TCM. Computerized tongue diagnosis can ai...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-5717-5_5
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sow infected with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) shed virulent virus in her feces for 18 months. The virus was isolated from rectal swabs beginning 2 days postexposure (PE) and continued at irregular intervals. Virus shedding was detected on 24 separate occasions. The titer of the virus shed ran...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_83
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brain is sensitive to the inflammation and oxidative stress that can cause the aging or neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of taurine chloramine (TauCl) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse BV2 microglia mediated through heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. TauCl in...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_12
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central nervous system diseases include brain or spinal cord impairments and may result in movement disorders almost always manifested by paralyzed muscles with preserved innervations and therefore susceptible to be activated by electrical stimulation. Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling is an app...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_26
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify a role for a Na:H (NHE) exchanger subtype in volume regulation in bovine corneal epithelium, we determined: 1. its sensitivity to inhibition by amiloride analogues 2. the effects of either Cl removal or hypertonicity on the intracellular pH. Our results suggest that volume regulatory responses elicited by ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_18
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanomaterials are invading our environment due to their increasing use in a very broad range of sectors making human exposure foreseeable during the life cycle of these materials. Inhalation is one of the most frequent routes of exposure in case of unintentional exposure and the small size of nanomaterials allows them...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_2
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive synthetic approach was employed to identify the continuous regions of T-cell recognition on the alpha-chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Eighteen synthetic consecutive overlapping peptides, of uniform size and overlaps, that spanned the entire extracellular part (residues 1-210...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5442-0_8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two gross mechanisms of pathology are central to pulmonary arterial hypertension - increased pulmonary vascular tone and remodelling of the pulmonary arteries. These pathologies can be caused by a variety of aberrant processes, and combine to cause an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and consequent right vent...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_31
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The field of proteomics holds promise for the discovery of new biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of disease, molecular targets for therapy and markers for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. A variety of proteomics approaches may be used to address these goals. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAG...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0081-0_7
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute leukaemia is the major subtype of paediatric cancer with a cumulative risk of 1 in 2000 for children up to the age of 15 years. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a biologically and clinically diverse disease with distinctive subtypes; multiple chromosomal translocations exist within the subtypes a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_14
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first publication using a fiber optic "optode" and a luminescence based pO2 detection method for assessing neural tissue oxygenation. The system was used to simultaneously monitor pO2 in tissue (PtO2) and venous blood (PvO2) during normoxia, hyperoxia and hypoxia. PaO2 was varied by changing inspired oxyge...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4717-4_6
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene therapy delivery using viral vectors has demonstrated efficient transfection but has safety issues. The need for safer yet effective delivery systems has led to the active development of non-viral techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss two evolving techniques - sonoporation with microbubble contrast agents ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_12
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have briefly discussed immunogenetic studies of families with hyperglycemia which suggest the existence of at least four types of the disease: a) juvenile, insulin-dependent, ketosis prone diabetes determined by an autosomal recessive gene with 50% penetrance and in linkage with the HLA; b) juvenile, insulin-depend...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9110-8_9
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotics have long been suspected of contributing to male infertility; however, there are remarkably limited data to support this premise. A major challenge for evaluating antibiotic effects is that the diseases they treat often have negative impacts on male reproduction, so treatment with the antimicrobial can imp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_10
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MerTK is required for photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, a diurnal function essential for vision maintenance. In vivo, MerTK is stimulated at the time of the phagocytic peak through an intracellular signaling pathway. However, MerTK ligands Gas6 and Protein S are ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_70
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are untranslated RNA molecules that function to regulate the expression of numerous genes and associated biochemical pathways and cellular functions. NcRNAs include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-017-7417-8_7
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A long term culture of aortic medial cells, derived from newborn pig aorta, has been established. The ability of these cells to synthesize soluble elastin has been demonstrated by isolation and characterization of the radioactively labeled protein, using soluble elastin of copper-deficient pig aorta as the carrier. Th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-9093-0_35
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecules encoded by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) bind self or foreign peptides and display these at the cell surface for recognition by receptors on T lymphocytes (designated T cell receptors-TCR) or on natural killer (NK) cells. These ligand/receptor interactions govern T cell and NK cell development a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_2
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and a burden to society and individuals. The toxicity induced by drugs related with addiction may trigger dysfunction and death of cells of the central nervous system. The study of alterations of proteins and biomarkers in buccal cells would be beneficial in understanding...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_20
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the mechanisms of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and activation, via production and release of a large spectrum of pro-angiogenic mediators, thus creating the specific microenvironment that favors increased rate of tissue vascularization. In this article...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_14
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xeno-transplantation of pancreatic islets represents a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, potent innate immune responses induced shortly after the transplantation of donor islets to the recipient, comprising the Instant Blood Mediated Immune Reaction (IBMIR), exer...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-18603-0_11
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
