Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To compare the anion gap (calculated as the sodium concentration minus the sum of the chloride and total carbon dioxide concentrations) reference interval for three automated chemistry analyzers. DESIGN:We measured serum sodium, chloride, and total carbon dioxide on aliquoted specimens using three commercial instruments. Quality control and proficiency survey materials were run to ensure that the analyzers were functioning optimally. SETTING:Three separate clinical laboratories affiliated with one university medical center participated in the study. PARTICIPANTS:Healthy volunteers from 20 to 60 years of age were recruited from within a clinical laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The mean and standard deviations of the anion gaps measured by each method were calculated. RESULTS:The parametric reference intervals (+/-2 SD from the mean) were 5 to 10 mmol/L for the Beckman Synchron CX3 analyzer, 9 to 14 mmol/L for the Boehringer Mannheim Hitachi 717 analyzer, and 8 to 13 mmol/L for the Johnson & Johnson Vitros 950 analyzer. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that while it may be appropriate to lower the anion gap reference interval to 5 to 10 mmol/L for some analyzers, as suggested by earlier reports, 9 to 14 mmol/L may be a more appropriate reference interval for other analyzers. For the anion gap to be an effective tool for diagnosing acid-base disorders, clinical laboratorians need to establish (or at least verify) the anion gap reference interval for the instrumentation used in their laboratory, inform clinicians of this reference interval, and perform quality control studies to ensure that the reference interval for this calculated result remains valid.
journal_name
Arch Pathol Lab Medjournal_title
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicineauthors
Roberts WL,Johnson RDsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-01 00:00:00pages
568-72issue
6eissn
0003-9985issn
1543-2165journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章abstract：CONTEXT.—:Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a challenging diagnosis defined by cytologic and architectural features that carries an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma when diagnosed in isolation. In addition, ADH may secondarily involve benign breast lesions, wherein it carries variable clinical significance. O...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2018-0221-RA
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:True uterine diverticulum is an exceedingly rare entity. We report only the second case, to our knowledge, of a nulliparous uterus containing a diverticulum communicating with the endometrial cavity. True uterine diverticula probably arise from a localized duplication of the distal Müllerian duct on one side. They may...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the value of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) as a tool for improvement in the evaluation of cervicovaginal smear results. DESIGN:We reviewed the results of cervicovaginal smear interpretation for 1 year by 10 different cytopathologists working in the same laboratory (total number o...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:-Whole-slide imaging technology offers promise for rapid, Internet-based telepathology consultations between institutions. Before implementation, technical issues, pathologist adaptability, and morphologic pitfalls must be well characterized. OBJECTIVE:-To determine whether interpretation of whole-slide images...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165-133.12.1949
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sophomore pathology course at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, was substantially modified with the intention of promoting guided, independent learning. The emphasis has been shifted from lectures to other modalities of instruction. This article...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Typical cerebellar or spinal cord hemangioblastoma is often solitary and has a benign clinical course, whereas disseminated hemangioblastomatosis is extremely rare. We report a 75-year-old man with disseminated "leptomeningeal" hemangioblastomatosis and concurrent paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis who died of this di...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[104:IELHAP]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the cytopathologic, immunocytochemical, histopathologic, and electron microscopic findings of a juxtaglomerular cell tumor that developed in a hypertensive 25-year-old Japanese woman. The symptoms of her disease disappeared after the tumor was resected. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently encountered an elderly female patient with multiple, rapidly growing vascular lesions on her forearm. Histologic examination and immunoperoxidase studies were performed to identify cells present within the lesions. The growths proved to be intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. Immunohistochemica...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with a 17-month history of myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia with excess blasts that evolved into chronic myelomonocytic leukemia), which was treated with transfusions and erythropoietin, developed abdominal and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsies of the abdominal nodes revealed virtual obliteration...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering the variety of aberrant locations in which ectopic parathyroid adenomas may be found, these neoplasms can be difficult to identify and treat surgically. The results of radiographic and cytologic studies may lead to confusion of these neoplasms with lesions of thyroid origin. We present a case of an ectopic...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2002)126<1541:EPAIST>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic tumors unassociated with cirrhosis were encountered in seven patients aged 10 to 19 years. Four patients had received androgens for aplastic anemia. Two patients had transfusional hemosiderosis. One patient had had a renal transplant 2 1/2 years ago. Two patients are alive at 2 3/4 and 2 1/2 years after surgic...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:- At our medical center, cytopathologists perform rapid on-site evaluation for specimen adequacy of fine-needle aspiration and touch imprint of needle core biopsy lung cancer samples. Two years ago the molecular diagnostics laboratory at our institution changed to next-generation sequencing using the Ion Torren...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2016-0096-OA
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT.—:Amyloidosis is an uncommon but important entity. A protein-based classification of amyloidosis defines the underlying disease process, directing clinical management and providing prognostic information. However, in routine surgical pathology there often is no attempt to classify amyloid other than staining to...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2018-0509-RA
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow's node) may be involved by metastatic malignancies, including those of abdominal or pelvic origin. Almost all previous studies have been based on examination of surgically sampled tissue or postmortem examination. To our knowledge, there has not been a study for ne...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Metanephric adenoma is a very rare benign renal tumor; only 80 well-documented cases have been reported to date. We have seen several renal tumors that were originally incorrectly diagnosed as metanephric adenoma. DESIGN:We present 3 unusual renal tumors (2 primary and 1 metastatic), each of which illustrat...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(1999)123<0415:MALTOT>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Although the early post-myelosuppressive chemotherapy pathologic changes of the marrow have been described, the rate and the histologic definition of recovery are not defined. OBJECTIVE:To study the rate of recovery of bone marrow in patients given myelosuppressive therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia, estab...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1281:TCFBMR]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of cigarette smoking-related polyclonal B lymphocytosis, with binucleated cells, was observed. The condition was persistent for two years. We indicated the abnormal ultrastructural features and suggest that this unexplained syndrome could be a premalignant state. ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human leukocyte antigen typing is currently being done by both serologic and cellular techniques. It is this methodology that forms the basis for organ transplantation, since HLA antigens are the major proteins involved in graft rejection. Matching organ graft donors with recipients at these polymorphic HLA loci clear...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Diagnostic use of immunohistochemistry has been extensively studied in prostate needle biopsy, but its use in routine practice and the quality assurance and associated cost have not been previously addressed. OBJECTIVE:To examine the routine use of immunohistochemistry in prostate biopsies in a tertiary academ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2012-0145-OA
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report here 2 separate cases in which patients with known low-grade B-cell lymphomas presented with transformed lesions that were CD30⁺, CD4⁺, Epstein-Barr virus negative, and negative or focally weak for a wide range of B-cell, T-cell, and histiocytic/dendritic cell markers. In each case the transformed lymphoma p...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2013-0089-CR
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare placental lesion characterized by stem villous cystic dilation and vesicle formation, placentomegaly, and vascular abnormalities. It can be associated with growth restriction, stillbirth, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and some chromosomal abnormalities, and needs to be distingu...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2013-0399-RS
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the case of a 31-week fetus who died in utero with an invasive retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. This rare vascular neoplasm usually presents as a localized violaceous skin lesion in infants and behaves in a benign fashion; however, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma may present as an invasive ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128<678:KHAWNF>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Hemorrhagic endovasculitis (HEV) is a vasodisruptive alteration of fetal-placental blood vessels that has been associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and abnormalities of growth and development. Clinicopathologic conditions that are often identified in pregnancies with HEV-affected p...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2002)126<0157:LWPHE>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary study in the identification and classification of undifferentiated neoplasms/tumors of uncertain origin. The diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tissue-specific biomarkers and the development of effect...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2014-0061-RA
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT.—:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare, slow-growing mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis with intermediate malignant potential. OBJECTIVE.—:To highlight the most important diagnostic features, including morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings; to provide comparisons to other...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2019-0371-RA
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To our knowledge this is the first reported case of concurrent Merkel cell (trabecular carcinoma) tumor and peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor. Both tumors are considered to neuroendocrine in nature. The significance of concurrent neuroendocrine tumors is described with respect to multiple endocrine neoplasia syndro...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumors of the umbilical cord, and especially angiomyxomas, are extremely unusual placental lesions. Sonography three weeks after the finding of a slightly elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein, detected a cystic lesion of the umbilical cord in a 35-year-old woman at 19.5 weeks gestation. Two prior sonograms had be...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In three performance evaluation surveys, panels that consisted of human T-lymphotropic virus type I or type II (HTLV-I/II) antibody-positive and -negative plasma samples were mailed to laboratories that voluntarily participated in the Centers for Disease Control Model Performance Evaluation Program. Donor samples were...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 54-year-old woman presented with a nasal mass. Biopsy demonstrated undifferentiated tumor cells with extensive apoptosis and necrosis. Chromosome analysis identified a 46,XX,t(15;19)(q13;p13.1) pattern. Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed NUT rearrang...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2010-0389-CR
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Distinctive morphological features in both the marrow infiltrate and the kidney were seen in a 52-year-old woman with kappa light chain-producing plasma cell myeloma, diagnosed on the basis of multiple osteolytic lesions, the presence of atypical plasma cells in the bone marrow, and monoclonal immunoglobulin productio...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
