Abstract:
:"Dale's Principle" states that each neuron releases one and only one synaptic transmitter. Mental disorders and behavioral drug effects are attributed to activation or blockade of one or more of these specific transmitters. A series of biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies suggests the alternative view that at each monoaminergic synapse the action of the transmitter is modulated by several metabolically related substances: amine analogs (2-phenylethylamine [PEA], p-tyramine, etc.), deaminated products (aldehydes, acids, and alcohols), and possibly also amino acid precursors. In support of this view, the authors present evidence for the presence, synthesis, metabolism, and biological activity (at the cellular level, using microelectrode techniques) of amino acid, amines, and deaminated compounds metabolically related to catecholamines and sorotonin. That neuroamino acids exert direct effects (not mediated via their amine metabolites) is illustrated by the rapid effects of microiontophoretic dopa upon cortical unit activity, and by the observation that neither the lethargic effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (considered to support Jouvet's serotonergic theory of sleep) nor the behavioral stimulant effects of dopa (considered to support the catecholamine theory of affective behavior) are significantly prevented by L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors. The biological activity of the deaminated metabolites of catecholamines and serotonin is illustrated by the effects of their microiontophoretic administration upon cortical units. Further, probenecid (an inhibitor of acid transport across the blood-brain barrier) is shown to qualitatively alter the effects of intraventricularly administered PEA and of its metabolite phenylacetic acid upon visual evoked potentials. Rabbit brain is shown to synthesize a series of pharmacologically active noncatecholic phenylethylamines as by-products of catecholamine metabolism. Amine modulators such as PEA differ from typical transmitters by their ability to cross biological barriers; inhibition of decarboxylase in peripheral tissues only (using alpha-methyldopa hydrazine) markedly depletes brain PEA (but not catecholamines). Because of the homeostatic control of the rate of transmitter synthesis and disposition, physiological, pharmacological, and pathological changes may be expected to affect more the tissue levels of related modulators. This modulator theory of drug action is illustrated by the effect of several psychotropic drugs upon the brain levels of PEA and of norepinephrine. For instance, amphetamine initially decreases and then increases brain PEA levels, without altering brain norepinephrine levels. The authors propose an expanded "Dale's Principle": each neuron is specific in that it releases at all its endings the same pool of chemical messengers, composed of one transmitter and metabolically related modulators, the relative proportion of which is determined by the physiological state of the cell (biochemical plasticity)...
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Sabelli HC,Mosnaim AD,Vazquez AJ,Giardina WJ,Borison RL,Pedemonte WAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-08-01 00:00:00pages
481-524issue
4eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The concentration of kynurenine, a neuroactive tryptophan metabolite, in blood plasma after pharmacologically induced anxiety was studied. Anxiety was provoked in 15 healthy volunteers by an anxiogenic dose of caffeine. Kynurenine concentration was markedly increased at the peak of anxiety and returned to normal after...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90225-b
更新日期:1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood, with average worldwide prevalence of 5.3%, varying by region. METHODS:We assessed the relationship between the prevalence of ADHD and solar intensity (SI) (kilowatt hours/square meters/day) on the basis of ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.010
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the degree of genetic and environmental influences on assessments of aggression and irritability in male subjects, the "Motor Aggression" subscales of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were mailed to 1208 male twins in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Data from monozygotic 182 and 118 dizygotic twi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00257-0
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The marker D1S251 of chromosome 1q42.1 showed significant association with schizophrenia in a Taiwanese sample. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fine mapping to search for the vulnerability genes of schizophrenia. METHODS:We selected 120 SNPs covering 1 Mb around D1S251 from the public database....
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.024
更新日期:2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurochemical and electrophysiological studies indicate that the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine system is activated by physiological and external stressors. This activation is mediated in part by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the hypothalamic neurohormone that initiates the endocrine response to...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00213-9
更新日期:1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the amygdala response to emotional faces in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS:Ten subjects with current OCD and 10 healthy control subjects underwent fMRI, during which they viewed pictures of fearful, happy, and neutral human faces, as...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.029
更新日期:2004-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the impact of the cholinesterase inhibitor tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA; tacrine) on sleep in healthy subjects. According to the reciprocal interaction model of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep regulation, which postulates a primary role in cholinergic neurotransmission for th...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00224-3
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior neurophysiological studies on patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have revealed sleep electroencephalographic alterations in both cycle phases. We report on a study evaluating saccadic eye movements in PMS patients. METHODS:Saccadic eye movements were examined in 21 women with and 21 women witho...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00012-2
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In four series of studies on schizophrenic patients and normals we found that all the schizophrenics eliminated N, N-dimethyltryptamines in their urine while none of the normals did so. Similarly, with early infantile autism (Studies I and II) and normal controls, this separation between patiens and normals still held...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The DTNBP1 gene, encoding dysbindin, has been strongly implicated in schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility by a series of independent genetic association and gene expression studies. Among its known functions, dysbindin is part of a protein complex, termed the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.025
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early onset of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder has been associated with poor outcome in many studies; however, the factors that might contribute to poor outcome have not been adequately investigated. METHODS:The first consecutive 1000 adult bipolar patients enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Hea...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.022
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are frequently comorbid and overlapping diagnoses. To move beyond diagnosis toward unique pathophysiology, we evaluated both ADHD and BPD children for neurologic examination abnormalities (NEAs) in comparison with normal control (NC) ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.010
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific binding of (3H)kainic acid (KA) to high- and low-affinity receptor sites was assayed in postmortem samples from the brains of patients affected with Huntington's disease (HD) and age-matched controls. Treatment of rat brain with conditions that closely mimic the temperature gradient occurring in postmorte...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of HLA antigens were examined in a sample of 75 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with mood disorders. We compared the data obtained from this population with data obtained in another study with 3731 healthy subjects. Statistically significant increases were observed in the frequencies of HLA...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00223-5
更新日期:1996-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The endocannabinoid and neurosteroid systems regulate emotions and stress responses. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α by the endocannabinoid congener N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) regulates pathophysiological systems (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress) and induces peripher...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.006
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Insomnia symptoms are associated with vulnerability to age-related morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional data suggest that accelerated biological aging may be a mechanism through which sleep influences risk. A novel method for determining age acceleration using epigenetic methylation to DNA has demonstrat...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.008
更新日期:2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Working memory impairments are commonly found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often improve with psychostimulant treatment. Little is known about how these medications affect the function of frontoparietal brain regions engaged for working memory. This study used functional magnetic re...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.011
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic studies of schizophrenia have implicated numerous risk loci including several copy number variants (CNVs) of large effect and hundreds of loci of small effect. In only a few cases has a specific gene been clearly identified. Rare CNVs affecting a single gene offer a potential avenue to discovering sc...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.023
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovarian steroids modulate anxiety behavior, perhaps by regulating the serotonergic neurons in the midbrain raphe nucleus. The regulation of the brain-specific isoform of rat tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2) by ovarian hormones has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of estrogen and pro...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.019
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work from our laboratory demonstrated that quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence between brain areas linked by long cortico-cortical fibers (termed "fascicle" coherence) was differentially reduced in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, whereas coherence between brain areas linked by short cortico-...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90023-x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is recognition that the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia have the most substantial impact on illness outcome. Domains of cognition reported to be significantly affected include serial learning, executive function, vigilance, and distractibility, to name a few. Dopamine activity at D1 receptors mediates many c...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00287-x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to involve dopaminergic disturbances, but the nature of those disturbances remains controversial. Existing hypotheses suggest that TS involves 1) supersensitive dopamine receptors, 2) overactive dopamine transporters that cause low tonic but high phasic dopamine, 3) presynaptic dysfun...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1172
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurocognitive deficits are recognized as a cardinal feature of schizophrenia, but the determinants of these deficits remain unknown. Recent reports have suggested that a functional polymorphism, Val(158)Met in exon III of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene, shares approximately 4% variance with performan...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01416-6
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Deficits in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives have been reported in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a phenomenon that measures an early stage of information processing (sensorimotor gating). It is less clear whether these information processing deficits extend to prepulse facilitation (PPF),...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.018
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current neuroimaging perspectives on a variety of mental disorders emphasize dysfunction of the amygdala. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT), a key mediator in the regulation of social cognition and behavior, accumulates in cerebrospinal fluid after intranasal administration in macaques and humans and modulates...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.015
更新日期:2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The reported inverse relationship between indices of central serotonin (5-HT) function and indices of impulsive aggression in human subjects suggests the possibility that enhancement of 5-HT activity will reduce impulsive aggressive behavior. Although evidence for this hypothesis is emerging, the relationshi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00309-0
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is well-known heterogeneity in affective mechanisms in depression that may extend to positive affect. We used data-driven parsing of neural connectivity to reveal subgroups present across depressed and healthy individuals during positive processing, informing targets for mechanistic intervention. METH...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.023
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier studies on platelet serotonin uptake in schizophrenia have given equivocal results. In this study, platelet serotonin uptake in diluted plasma was assessed in 23 drug-free and 19 neuroleptic-treated schizophrenics, compared to 70 controls. The maximal uptake rate, Vmax, was slightly but significantly lower in ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary administration of L-tryptophan to rats failed to increase blood platelets. Instead platelet counts were decreased after feeding either a tryptophan-deficient or tryptophan-enriched (10%) diet, but were unchanged in animals on a 1% tryptophan diet. Platelet median volumes were not affected by any of these dieta...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic events are common, but posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is relatively rare. These facts have prompted several questions: What variables increase risk for PTSD among trauma-exposed people? Can we distinguish between pathologic and nonpathologic responses to traumatic stressors? If so, what psychobiologica...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01663-3
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00