Abstract：
:To test a hypothesis that the differences in running performances between men and women narrow with increasing race distance, recent best running speeds (m.s-1) of 28 female ultramarathon runners over racing distances from 5 to 90 km were compared with those of male runners matched for 56 km race time, age and training. These comparisons revealed that the men ran faster than the women over 5 to 42.2 km (P < 0.01-0.05), but not in a 90-km race (2.82 +/- 0.04 vs 2.90 +/- 0.09 m.s-1). Declines in the men's and women's running speeds with increasing race distances were best fitted by Y = 2.9.exp.(-0.01.X) + 1.7 and Y = 2.1.exp.(-0.01.X) + 2.0 equations (r = -0.99). Differences between the exponential declines in the men's and women's running speeds over longer race distances were best fitted by a linear Y = -0.006 (X-66) equation (r = -0.98, P < 0.001). The negative slope and the X-axis intercept of this equation at 66 km supports the hypothesis that women ultramarathon runners have greater fatigue resistance than do equally trained men whose performances are superior up to the marathon distance.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Bam J,Noakes TD,Juritz J,Dennis SCdoi
10.1097/00005768-199702000-00013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-01 00:00:00pages
244-7issue
2eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To examine relationships between selected sociodemographic, health-related and environmental factors and levels of physical activity in older adults across three age groups. METHODS:Seven hundred sixty-four older adults (mean age = 77.4 +/- 8.6 yr) from a midsize Canadian city completed a self-administered que...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000181303.51937.9c
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regression analysis is often used to demonstrate associations among variables believed to be biologically related. Failure to demonstrate a "significant" relationship may be due to two factors: 1) the variables are truly unrelated, or 2) a relationship exists but goes undetected due to inadequate statistical power. In...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the duration of the stimulation and affects various functional systems of the muscle fiber in an orderly sequence. Early change...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The papers in this supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise seek to summarize our knowledge of the dose-response relationship of exercise with a variety of health outcomes. This type of rigorous evidence summation has become quite popular in the past 10 years as health care providers and policymakers ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200106001-00004
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements. PURPOSE:To comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition w...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002158
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Above a given exercise intensity, rapid muscle fatigue will occur. We explored the possibility of assessing torque threshold for peripheral fatigue during single-legged repetitive isometric knee extensor exercise. We hypothesized this fatigue threshold to be related to the general aerobic fitness level and the ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318249d701
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Aerodynamic drag plays an important role in performance for athletes practicing sports that involve high-velocity motions. In giant slalom, the skier is continuously changing his/her body posture, and this affects the energy dissipated in aerodynamic drag. It is therefore important to quantify this energy to un...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182443315
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether efferent sympathetic nerve activity is different to resting skeletal muscles from the exercising and nonexercising limb. MSNA was measured by microneurography in both legs (peroneal nerve) in six subjects during 2 min of unilateral isometric knee extension (IKE; 10-30...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of gastric emptying of 20 g.l-1 (2G), 40 g.l-1 (4G), and 60 g.l-1 (6G) glucose solutions with that of water (W). On separate occasions in randomized order, a 600-ml test solution was instilled into the stomach of each of six healthy male volunteers. Gastric emptying wa...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:Aging modifies neuromuscular activation of agonist and antagonist muscles during walking. Power training can evoke adaptations in neuromuscular activation that underlie gains in muscle strength and power but it is unknown if these adaptations transfer to dynamic tasks such as walking. We examined t...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001345
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The study purpose was to determine the relationship: 1) of muscle metabolism to exercise performance and 2) of exercise performance to rate of weight gain. METHODS:Eighty-three black and white premenopausal women were evaluated for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max ), isometric quadriceps and triceps surae strengt...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000048641.47125.1C
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between individual performance and lactate exchange and removal abilities were studies in 12 male rowers all subjected to three measurements on a rowing ergometer. An incremental exercise carried out to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the corresponding maximal aerobic power (Pamax), ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199703000-00016
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This investigation assessed the effects of a 9-wk regimen of creatine monohydrate (Cr x H2O) supplementation coupled with resistance training on body composition and neuromuscular performance in NCAA Division I football athletes. METHODS:Twenty-five subjects were randomly assigned in a double-blind, randomized...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-200110000-00009
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physical fitness and physical activity tracking data enhance our understanding as to when children settle into their long-term exercise and fitness patterns and, therefore. provide insight as to when programs focusing on preventing sedentary adults behaviors should be initiated. METHODS:In this paper, the trac...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200007000-00011
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined. PURPOSE:This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF. METHODS:Participants...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b2f0a4
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Red blood cells obtained from well-trained athletes consumed glucose at a higher rate than those from sedentary subjects when incubated in vitro in a glucose containing medium at 37 degrees C. Similar results were obtained when fructose was substituted for glucose, but not when galactose was the monosaccharide. The ut...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Neural adaptations to strength training have long been recognized, but knowledge of mechanisms remains incomplete. Using novel techniques and a design which limited experimental bias, this study examined if 4 wk of strength training alters voluntary activation and corticospinal transmission. METHODS:Twenty-one...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001367
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In this study, we examined the effects of body position (from deep to high position) in slide boarding by well-trained cross-country skiers. The main hypothesis was that a deeper, more "crouched" position would lead to reduced air resistance and enhanced power production during explosive extension of the lower ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000227536.13175.52
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to analyze the influence of foot strike pattern on running economy and biomechanical characteristics in subelite runners with a similar performance level. METHODS:Twenty subelite long-distance runners participated and were divided into two groups according to their foot strike pattern: rearfoo...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000139
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine if the associations between motor competence and physical activity and musculoskeletal fitness change over time, whether motor competence is associated with longitudinal trajectories of physical activity and fitness, and mediating pathways among these constructs across early childhood. METHODS:Fo...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002388
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This study tested whether a simulated active commute to school dampened cardiovascular reactivity to a cognitive stressor typical to what children might experience during school. METHODS:Forty children (20 g...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d0c77b
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There is increased interest in developing and disseminating health behavior interventions for cancer survivors. Challenges in these efforts include participant burden in traveling to central intervention sites and sustainability. The purpose of this article is to report various methods used to recruit breast ca...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819af871
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether quantitative methods could separate golfers with a possible dystonic cause of the "yips" from those that appear to be nondystonic. METHODS:Twenty-seven golfers completed 10 two-handed and 10 right hand-only putts. Surface EMG assessed forearm muscle co-contraction and motion detectors moni...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001687
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether competitive and recreational runners would replicate land training intensity during water immersion (WI) running with (V) and without (NV) a flotation vest and during treadmill running (Tm). Seven female competitive runners (CR) and seven female noncompetitive runners...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199710000-00015
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To better understand the mechanical behavior of healing skeletal muscle; specifically the tissue's response after acute eccentric stretch injury. METHODS:Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscle tendon units were subjected to an in vivo single stretch (eccentric) injury and mechanically evaluated (constant rate el...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000084423.39529.C5
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In embryonic chicken skeletal muscle, the presence of a ventricular myosin heavy chain (MHC) is demonstrated by reactivity with an anti-ventricular MHC antibody. Developmental repression of the ventricular MHC expression occurs earlier in embryonic fast twitch posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) than in embryonic slow-to...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten eumenorrheic nonathletic women, aged 21-25, were studied on the 8th day following the LH peak in three consecutive cycles. Plasma level and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured before and during a 2-h continuous treadmill test at a speed corresponding to 70% of their ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the breath-by-breath pattern of ventilatory response to bicycle exercise in seven elite male cyclists (VO2max = 71.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1) and ten sedentary males (VO2max = 47.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1) to analyze differences in breathing patterns between individuals with normal and high exercise ventilations (...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the physiological and performance adaptations between periodized and nonperiodized resistance training in women collegiate tennis athletes. METHODS:Thirty women (19 +/- 1 yr) were assigned to either a periodized resistance training group (P), nonperiodized training group (NV), or a control group (C)...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200301000-00024
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parasympathetic receptor blockade and the heart rate performance curve. Med. Sci Sports Sci., Vol. 30. No. 2, pp. 229-233, 1998. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of parasympathetic receptor blockade on the heart rate performance curve (HRPC). Twenty healthy male subjects performed a first ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199802000-00009
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
