Abstract:
:The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements. PURPOSE:To comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition with running economy within a large heterogeneous sample of runners. METHODS:Eighty-five runners (males [M], n = 45; females [F], n = 40), of diverse competitive standard, performed a discontinuous protocol of incremental treadmill running (4-min stages, 1 km·h increments) to establish locomotory energy cost (LEc) of running at submaximal speeds (averaged across 10-12 km·h; the highest common speed < lactate turnpoint). Measurements of anthropometry, including segment lengths, perimeters, masses and moments of inertia, and body composition were obtained using tape-based measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS:Absolute LEc (ABSLEc, kcal·km) was positively correlated with 21 (of 27) absolute anthropometric variables in both male and female cohorts. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that one variable (mean perimeter z score) explained 49.4% (M) and 68.9% (F) of the variance in ABSLEc. Relative LEc (RELLEc, kcal·kg·km) was also correlated with five (M) and seven (F) normalized anthropometric variables, and regression analyses explained 31.6% (M; percentage bone mass and normalized hip perimeter) and 33.3% (F, normalized forearm perimeter) of the variance in RELLEc. CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide novel and robust evidence that anthropometry and body composition variables, predominantly indicative of relative slenderness, explain a considerable proportion of the variance in running economy (i.e., more slender, lower energy cost). We, therefore, recommend that runners and coaches are attentive to relative slenderness in selecting and training athletes with the aim of enhancing running economy, and improving distance running performance.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Black MI,Allen SJ,Forrester SE,Folland JPdoi
10.1249/MSS.0000000000002158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
762-770issue
3eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Studies have shown that absolute intensity of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia. This analysis was performed to examine whether relative intensity may also be related to preeclampsia risk. METHODS:Using data from a case-control study conducted from 1998 to 2002, the authors asse...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000175862.41620.41
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objectives of the present study were to examine gender differences and between-day variability of isometric hamstring muscle peak torque and perceived exertion. METHODS:Subjects included 20 healthy, college-aged male (N = 10) and female (N = 10) volunteers. Each subject completed five maximal voluntary iso...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000089246.90005.47
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This document provides an overview of selected medical issues that are important to team physicians who are responsible for the care and treatment of athletes. It is not intended as a standard of care and should not be interpreted as such. This document is only a guide and, as such, is of a general nature, consistent ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818acdcb
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of cardiovascular (CV) drift and decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (V[spacing dot above]O2max) would be greater at 35 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. METHODS:The increase in HR and decrease in stroke volume (SV) between 15 and 45 min of cycling at 59.2 +/- 1....
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181666ed7
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping techniques enable the quantification of focal and diffuse myocardial LGE, respectively. Studies have shown evidence of fibrosis in middle-age athletes, but not relative to physically active (PA) adults who perform recommended...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002411
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with level walking or running, progressive downhill walking or running requires a decreasing energy cost to some minimum where the cost again increases with further decrements in grade. Margaria estimated this minimum occurs at a -9% grade. In this study an attempt was made to more precisely track the energy ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00022
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study investigated whether natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)-a homing molecule for endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, which enables transmigration to the skin-are selectively mobilized in response to acute exercise. METHODS:Nine healthy m...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000914
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether the relation between of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and exercise intensities associated with the lactate threshold (LT) and blood lactate concentrations (BLC) of 2.5 and 4.0 mM, established with an incremental protocol, held during 30-min treadmill run at constant velocity (V). RPE (11.6, 1...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-199406000-00021
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of an increase in roller ski rolling resistance on the physiological and upper body demands of roller skiing with the V2-alternate technique. METHODS:Nine highly skilled cross-country skiers roller skied at three paced speeds on a flat oval loop using roller skis with high (HiR) and low...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199805000-00018
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since many physiological, metabolic, and endocrine changes that occur during pregnancy are evident even at rest, the alterations found during exercise may not necessarily be the same as those found in the normal population. Nonetheless, the exercise-induced cardiopulmonary changes are essentially normal or slightly ex...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/00005768-198508000-00001
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To validate the 7-d Physical Activity Recall (PAR) telephone interview version and its activity intensity categories. METHODS:Seventy-four adults (47 women, 27 men), ranging in age (18-67) and activity levels, were interviewed by phone and in-person using the same PAR protocol. Each participant wore a TriTrac-...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000064941.43869.4E
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The papers in this supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise seek to summarize our knowledge of the dose-response relationship of exercise with a variety of health outcomes. This type of rigorous evidence summation has become quite popular in the past 10 years as health care providers and policymakers ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00004
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:For treatment of various knee disorders, muscles are trained in open or closed kinetic chain tasks. Coordination between the heads of the quadriceps muscle is important for stability and optimal joint loading for both the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral joint. The aim of this study was to examine whether th...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000099107.03704.AE
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Controversy surrounds whether running mechanics make good predictors of running economy (RE) with little known about the development of an economical running gait. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to identify if mechanical or physiological variables changed during 10 wk of running in beginners and whether ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255a727
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Training intensity may play a key role in magnifying the protective effect of physical exercise against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PURPOSE:This study aimed to test the hypothesis that vigorous-intensity and interval training is as effective as moderate-intensity and continuous exercise traini...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000595
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The main purpose of the present study was to measure the total oxygen consumed, accumulation of blood metabolites, and performance during alternating intensity exercise before and after a period of creatine (Cr) loading in well-trained humans. METHODS:Fourteen males were randomly assigned to two groups of seve...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00018
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the duration of the stimulation and affects various functional systems of the muscle fiber in an orderly sequence. Early change...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The fluctuations in force during a steady contraction can be influenced by age, vision, and level of physiological arousal. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a stressor on the force fluctuations and information transmission exhibited by young, middle-aged, and older adults when a pinch-grip ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000178103.72988.cd
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the relationship between baseline leisure-time physical activity and changes in leisure activity during follow-up on long-term weight changes. METHODS:We evaluated prospectively 11,974 participants (university graduates) who participated in a dynamic cohort (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra co...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318188607c
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent work has identified deficits in dual-task gait balance control for up to 2 months after adolescent concussion; however, how resumption of preinjury physical activities affects recovery is unknown. PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to examine how return to activity (RTA) affects recovery from con...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000462
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in leukocyte levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total blood plasma antioxidant capacity (TAS) as a result of a marathon/half-marathon race. METHODS:Fourteen men participating in the Oslo Marathon 2000 and 8 women and 8 men participa...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000106168.12113.95
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We examined the relationships between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), its binding protein (IGFBP-3), body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) in collegiate runners (N = 13), gymnasts (N = 10), and noncompetitive women (N = 10). METHODS:Subjects were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiome...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200011000-00013
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between overall fitness improvement and varying amounts of running and movement mileage. METHODS:Subjects were male U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1703, 25 divisions), ages 17-35 yr (mean age = 20.1 +/- 2.9 yr), who attended boot camp from Apr...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00024
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the relationship of aerobic fitness to the response of volume-regulating hormones to acute simulated microgravity. Six untrained (UT) and six endurance-trained (ET) healthy young males were studied in the head-down tilt (HDT) position of -6 degrees for 4 h. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and plasma volum...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular responses were obtained during cycling with graded levels of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) applied to the exercising limbs. Seven men performed four incremental work rate (25 W.min-1) exercise (IWREx) tests to their limit of tolerance while exposed to 0, 15, 30, or 45 Torr LBPP. They also performe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-199406000-00008
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Physiological and perceptual measures during interval exercise are not well understood. The current study therefore examined the correspondence between RPE, HR, and blood lactate concentration ([La]) during interval cycling. METHODS:VO2peak and the 4.0 mmol x L(-1) lactate threshold were determined. In session...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000180359.98241.a2
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:the objective of this study was to characterize the biomechanical effects of step rate modification during running on the hip, knee, and ankle joints so as to evaluate a potential strategy to reduce lower extremity loading and risk for injury. METHODS:three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded fro...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebedf4
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of the study was to explore the utility of school- and county-level variables in explaining variability in children and adolescent body mass index (BMI). METHODS:BMI data from nearly 2.5 million of children and adolescents were aggregated at the school level from more than 5000 schools in Texas. Sc...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001311
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether physical performance adaptation is impaired in smokers during early stages of military training and to examine some of the putative mechanistic candidates that could explain any impairment. METHODS:We examined measures of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], lipid hydroperoxides), infl...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002224
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare architectural characteristics of leg muscles of sprinters and distance runners. METHODS:Skeletal muscle architectural characteristics were studied in 23 elite male 100-m sprinters (SPR, 10.0-10.9 s for 100 m), 24 elite male distance runners (DR, 13.5-14.5 min for 5000 m...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200006000-00014
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00