Abstract:
:The receptive fields of directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina were analyzed. Several types of experiment showed that each point within the receptive field of the cell is inhibited by a fairly wide area of points around it, lying on each side of the preferred-null axis as well as along the preferred-null axis in the preferred direction. The excitatory or responsive receptive field of these cells has an inhibitory surround: this inhibitory surround appears to be simply an extension of the inhibition that occurs within the center of the receptive field. Points toward the edge of the responsive receptive field are inhibited from an area around them which extends into the center of the receptive field and also into the inhibitory surround. Directionally sensitive retinal ganglion cells respond to moving spots better than to moving bars. This is particularly true for objects moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis. In some cells a spot moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis will give a substantial response, whereas a bar moved in the same direction will give no response at all. This phenomenon can be explained by the inhibitory area which surrounds each point within the receptive field; since this inhibitory area is asymmetrical, it is also responsible for the cell's directional sensitivity. When two bars oriented perpendicular to the preferred null axis are flashed, one after the other, the response to the second bar is nearly always reduced by the presentation of the first bar. This is true for many temporal and spatial sequences corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, as well as those corresponding to movement in the null direction. However, there are temporal and spatial sequences, corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, for which the response to the second bar is unaffected by the presentation of the first bar. The time delay for this does not vary from cell to cell--it is always approximately 20 ms for on-off directionally sensitive cells and approximately 180 ms for on directionally sensitive cells. The spatial separation does vary from cell to cell, between 0.13 degrees and 1.2 degrees in 11 on-off directionally sensitive cells. This spatial separation, which gives linear summation of the response to two bars flashed 20 ms apart in the preferred direction, is correlated with the speed of movement which gives the best response for a bar moved through the receptive field in the preferred direction.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Wyatt HJ,Daw NWdoi
10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.613subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-05-01 00:00:00pages
613-26issue
3eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of slow afterpotentials in large layer V neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex were studied in an in vitro slice preparation using intracellular recording and single-microelectrode voltage clamp. These properties were used to assess the role of afterpotential m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.2.450
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caenorhabditis elegans responds to chemical cues using a small number of chemosensory neurons that detect a large variety of molecules in its environment. During chemotaxis, C. elegans biases its migration in spatial chemical gradients by lengthening (/shortening) periods of forward movement when it happens to be movi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00053.2008
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capacitance measurements allow direct studies of exocytosis and endocytosis in single synaptic terminals isolated from bipolar neurons of goldfish retina. Extending the technique to intact bipolar cells, with their more complex morphology, requires information about the cells' electrotonic architecture. To this end, w...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.51
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA-type glutamate receptors are normally Ca(2+) impermeable due to the expression of the GluR2 receptor subunit. By using GluR2 null mice we were able to detect miniature synaptic Ca(2+) transients (MSCTs) associated with AMPA-type receptor-mediated miniature synaptic currents at single synapses in primary cortical ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.29
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A 16-channel electrode array was used to record simultaneously extracellular laminar field potentials evoked by displacement of contralateral vibrissa from vibrissa/barrel cortex in five rats. Current source-density (CSD) analysis combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the time cours...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.4.832
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide that is co-localized with conventional transmitters in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Its neurochemical and behavioral effects resemble those of cocaine and amphetamine. How SP accomplishes these effects is not known, partly because its cellular and synaptic effects are not well char...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00854.2002
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans with spinal cord injury (SCI) modulate locomotor output in response to limb load. Understanding the neural control mechanisms responsible for locomotor adaptation could provide a framework for selecting effective interventions. We quantified feedback and feedforward locomotor adaptations to limb load modulation...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00604.2009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons are believed not to carry much information about tonal offsets because A1 neurons in barbiturate-anesthetized animals are usually described as having only onset responses. We investigated tonal offset responses in comparison with onset responses in the caudal part of A1 of awake ca...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00184.2007
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The individual joint rotations of a movement sequence might be controlled either by a central motor plan or by motion-dependent (i.e., kinesthetic) sensory input. Most previous research has focused on how the nervous system uses central motor plans to control movement sequences. This study examined how the nervous ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.161
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study determined the effect of mixed (slip- and trip-like stance perturbation) training on reactive responses in people with chronic stroke (PwCS) and examined modulation of their reactive responses on higher intensity perturbations posttraining (scaling). Twelve PwCS were exposed to consecutive blocks of treadmi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00671.2019
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two-dimensional distribution of population activity in the superior colliculus (SC) during saccadic eye movements in the monkey was estimated using radial basis functions. To make these ensemble activity estimates, cells in the deeper layers of the SC were recorded over much of the rostrocaudal (caudal to 3.8 mm f...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.798
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the effects of sensory feedback on bimanual tasks have been studied extensively at two ends of the motor control hierarchy, the cortical and behavioral levels, much less is known about how it affects the intermediate levels, including neural control of homologous muscle groups. We investigated the effects of som...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00269.2016
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine (DA) neurons and GABA neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) promote distinct functions in the control of movement and have different firing properties and action potential (AP) waveforms. APs recorded from DA and GABA neurons differed in amplitude, maximal rate of rise, and duration. In addition, the threshold...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00513.2009
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation permits direct assessment of the functional contribution of a given brain area to behavior. Previous inactivation studies of the frontal eye field (FEF) have either used large permanent ablations or reversible pharmacological techniques that only inactivate a small volume of tissue. Here we evaluated the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00398.2013
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes the rhythmic movements of the radula and buccal mass during feeding. Many of the cellular and synaptic elements of this CPG have been identified and characterized. However, the roles that specific cellular and synaptic properties pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2307
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Opaline release in Aplysia provides a simple model system for examining the biochemical and electrophysiological mechanisms underlying glandular secretion and its modulation. The opaline gland is a large multivesicular structure, which is innervated by at least three large identified motor neurons located within th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1982.48.6.1347
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke survivors' difficulty in releasing grasped objects may be attributable not only to impaired finger extension but also to delays in terminating activity in the gripping flexor muscles. This study was undertaken 1) to quantify the time needed to initiate and terminate grip muscular activity following stroke and 2...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91108.2008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Octopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) of mammals are biophysically specialized to detect coincident firing in the population of auditory nerve fibers that provide their synaptic input and to convey its occurrence with temporal precision. The precision in the timing of action potentials depends on...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2299
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The computational role of the olfactory bulb remains a mystery after 60 yr of physiological research. Recently, Fantana and colleagues proposed a new model of bulb function based on sparse inhibitory connections between glomeruli, the functional units of the bulb, rather than the existing lateral inhibition model. I p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91146.2008
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hierarchical models of auditory processing often posit that optimal stimuli, i.e., those eliciting a maximal neural response, will increase in bandwidth and decrease in modulation rate as one ascends the auditory neuraxis. Here, we tested how bandwidth and modulation rate interact at several loci along the human centr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00308.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moth pheromones cause rises in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations that activate Ca(2+)-dependent cation channels in antennal olfactory receptor neurons. In addition, mechanisms of adaptation and sensitization depend on changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Here, cyclic nucleotide-activated currents in cultured...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01400.2007
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seconds-scale network states, affecting many neurons within a network, modulate neural activity by complementing fast integration of neuron-specific inputs that arrive in the milliseconds before spiking. Nonrhythmic subthreshold dynamics at intermediate timescales, however, are less well characterized. We found, using...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00116.2017
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Brain ischemia causes excess release and accumulation of glutamate that binds to postsynaptic receptors. This opens ionotropic channels that mediate neuronal depolarization and ionic fluxes that can lead to neuronal death. 2. The CA1 pyramidal cell region of the hippocampus is particularly susceptible to this neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2707
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant-derived insecticides have introduced a new concept in insecticide research. In response to insect attacks, some plants can release volatile sulfur compounds such as dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in the atmosphere, which are lethal for the generalist insects. We demonstrate that DMDS induced an uncommon complex n...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01096.2002
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-frequency burstlike electrical conditioning stimulation (HFS) applied to human skin induces an increase in mechanical pinprick sensitivity of the surrounding unconditioned skin (a phenomenon known as secondary hyperalgesia). The present study assessed the effect of frequency of conditioning stimulation on the dev...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00274.2019
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of spaceflight on Rhesus quadrupedal locomotion after return to 1G. Locomotor performance, activation patterns of the soleus (Sol), medial gastrocnemius (MG), vastus lateralis (VL), and tibialis anterior (TA) and MG tendon force during quadrupedal stepping were studied in adult Rhesus before and after 14 days ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2451
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liolaemus lizards were explored to ascertain whether they would make an amenable model to study single-cell electrophysiology of neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Despite a rich array of chemosensory-related behaviors chronicled for this genus, no anatomical or functional data exist for the VNO, the organ mediat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00490.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated spike-frequency adaptation of neurons sensitive to interaural phase disparities (IPDs) in the inferior colliculus (IC) of urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs using a stimulus paradigm designed to exclude the influence of adaptation below the level of binaural integration. The IPD-step stimulus consists o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00779.2003
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of studies were carried out to investigate the role of the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the ability to voluntarily cancel the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Squirrel monkeys were trained to pursue moving visual targets and to fixate a head stationary or earth stationary target during passi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1599
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical activation of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in cultures for 1-2 days produced a downregulation of voltage sensitive calcium currents, which persisted for > or = 24 h after stimulation was terminated. This regulation varied with different patterns of activation. Both the magnitude and time course ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2595
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00