Abstract：
:The impact of visual loss has profound implications for the person affected and society as a whole. The majority of blind people live in developing countries, and generally, their blindness could have been avoided or cured. Given the current predictions that the number of blind people worldwide will roughly double by the year 2020, it is clear that there is no room for complacency. As the world's population increases and as a greater proportion survives into late adulthood, so the number of people with visual loss will inexorably rise. Given the success of programmes in combating the most common causes of blindness (infectious diseases and malnutrition) which generally affect the young, and the projected demographic shift, age-related eye disease will become increasingly prevalent. Effective preventive measures for these diseases can only be established as more is known about their etiology. As the longevity of the world's population increases, the visual requirements at the workplace are also changing. People with low vision may be at a disadvantage in many common activities, and may face unemployment--particularly in technological societies. The definition of blindness needs to be rethought, to ensure that people with "economic" blindness are not forgotten. Efforts should be made to recognize and treat those affected at an early stage, for the benefit of the individual and society.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
West S,Sommer Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
244-8issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
S0042-96862001000300014journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS:For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were ca...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.132118
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An autogenous species belonging to the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris subgroup was found on the island of Tafahi, Kingdom of Tonga. A subcolony was established at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA, where cross-breeding experiments were conducted with the Samoan strain of A. polynesiensis. The cross between ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have attempted to prepare lysed BCG vaccines retaining the protective antigens of the BCG cell wall and yet eliciting in experimental animals limited sensitivity to the tuberculin substances, the advantage sought being to retain the usefulness of the tuberculin following vaccination as an indicator of supe...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1990s have seen a remarkable decrease in mortality among infants and children in most developing countries. In some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, these declines in mortality among children have slowed and are now increasing again. Internationally comparable data derived from survey programmes, suc...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been 4 waves of imported malaria in the USA. They occurred during the colonization of the country and during the Second World War, the UN Police Action in Korea, and the Viet-Nam conflict. The first 3 episodes are briefly described and the data on imported malaria from Viet-Nam are discussed in detail.Endem...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental studies in mice have provided evidence that antibody specific for viral neuraminidase markedly inhibits influenza virus replication in the lungs of animals challenged with virus containing homologous neuraminidase. In contrast to antihaemagglutinin antibody, antineuraminidase antibody does not increase re...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insecticidal activity of synthetic pyrethroids was compared with that of the natural pyrethrins, which have been used on a world-wide scale as active ingredients for insecticidal aerosols or mosquito coils.All of the synthetic pyrethroids were found to be more stable than the pyrethrins. Tetramethrin showed a very...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paula Radcliffe tells Gary Humphreys about her journey from athlete to clean air advocate and her hopes for a clean air initiative launched by the International Association of Athletics Federation. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 面试,新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.030319
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kenya's Constitution of 2010 triggered a cascade of reforms across all sectors to align with new constitutional standards, including devolution and a comprehensive bill of rights. The constitution acts as a platform to advance health rights and to restructure policy, legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks towa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.237297
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to prepare highly specific antiserum to variola virus, a chimpanzee was inoculated with a virulent human strain of this virus. Three uninoculated chimpanzees were housed in the same room; two of these developed clinical disease with seroconversion, while the third developed no evidence of infection and n...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have recently been published of surveys of antibodies to common respiratory viruses in human sera from several parts of the world. The present article reports the findings of a survey of antibodies to two more viruses (adenovirus type 8 and coxsackievirus type A21) in human sera mainly collected from six widel...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Takahashi reported in 1962 that his kaolin-agglutination test (KAT), using the phosphatide fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as antigen, was capable of detecting specific antibodies in sera from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and that the test could differentiate between active and inactive disease.The pre...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of man-biting by mosquitos depends upon the amount of contact between man and mosquito, which in turn depends upon the behaviour patterns of both. In order to examine these relationships in an area with a high incidence of malaria, a study was made in 1965 of the nocturnal movements and of mosquito bitin...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contributions made by five groups of investigators to the knowledge of the stability of different iodine compounds in salt, and of the extent of the losses of iodine which may occur when iodized salt is exposed to different conditions of storage and use, are discussed by the author.STABILITY OF THE IODINE COMPONENT IN...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Termination of early pregnancy by vacuum aspiration is a well-established technique. The procedure is highly effective and has a low complication rate, particularly when performed during the first few weeks after missed menses. However, this parasurgical method requires skilled health care personnel, and attempts have...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several thousand Glossina pallidipes flies were dissected to determine trypanosome infection rates in the Lambwe Valley and to collect information on the hosts of this tsetse. A total of 1 450 (19.3%) flies had mature trypanosome infections but the rate varied between 9.6% and 30.9% in the Lambwe Valley. In the Roo Va...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind, randomized phase I clinical trial was carried out to compare mefloquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for safety and tolerance. Twenty adult male Brazilian subjects from areas endemic for malaria were studied for a period of 66 days, which included 2 days of basal studies and a 63-day follow-up after ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lyophilized cells for the passive (formerly indirect) haemagglutination test for malaria were tested in a small field trial. A comparison was made with results obtained with samples from the same persons by another method in another laboratory (Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA). The use of lyophilized cell...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations have shown that in the Lake Region of Sukumaland, Tanganyika, where Schistosoma haematobium is highly endemic, Bulinus (Physopsis) nasutus is responsible for the transmission of that schistosome in small, temporary rain pools. This area is one of low rainfall, and large artificial reservoirs ar...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eighteen patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection were studied in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to monitor the response of the malaria parasite to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. In all infections the parasitaemia was cleared rapidly following treatment with standard dose of the drug combination; no recrudescence was observe...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Millennium Development Goals depend critically on scaling up public health investments in developing countries. As a matter of urgency, developing-country governments must present detailed investment plans that are sufficiently ambitious to meet the goals, and the plans must be inserted into existing donor process...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862004001200012
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 100 male Zambian patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria were treated with either two tablets of mefloquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansimef) or three tablets of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) as a single dose. The patients were kept under observation from day 0 (day of treatment) to day ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cross-reactivity of filarial heteroantigens, the non-availability of adult Wuchereria bancrofti for antigen extraction, and the lack of structural information on purified filarial heteroantigens make the serological diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection in man a difficult problem. The use of immune sera from cattle ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Tritylmorpholine (Frescon, WL 8008) is highly toxic to the intermediate-host snails of the Schistosomatidae. Molluscicidal concentrations range from 0.1 ppm to 0.5 ppm for 1-hour exposures and from 0.01 ppm to 0.05 ppm for 24-hour exposures. Under these conditions the compound is not toxic to snail eggs; recent work...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the effect of a disease management programme in Kazakhstan on quality indicators for patients with hypertension, diabetes and chronic heart failure. Methods:A supportive, interdisciplinary, quality improvement programme was implemented between November 2014 and November 2015 at seven polyclinics ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.227447
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of measles immunization on diarrhea morbidity and mortality are reviewed using data from field studies and theoretical calculations. 2 types of measles-associated diarrhea are distinguished: with-measles diarrhea, which starts between 1 week prerash-onset and 4 weeks postrash-onset, and postmeasles diarr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-six patients suffering from methylmercury poisoning were treated by different therapeutic regimes. Seven received penicillamine or N-acetyl-d-L-penicillamine, 10 were treated with dimercaprol sulfonate and 9, who could not be treated, were given a placebo and were used as controls. Penicillamine, N-acetyl-d-L-p...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of rabies-immune serum in addition to regular vaccination has been recommended as routine treatment in man after severe exposure to rabies virus. The inhibitory effect of passive antibody on active immunity induced against rabies by vaccination was investigated in rabbits. It was demonstrated that a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1970, WHO has conducted a collaborative study on the use of "excess mortality" from respiratory diseases (that is, the number of deaths actually recorded in excess of the number expected on the basis of past seasonal experience) in order to assess in 13 different countries the severity of influenza epidemics. Th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present there is no reliable test for use under field conditions for assessing cure in schistosomal infections. It had previously been found that in such infections the excretion of beta-glucuronidase in the urine is increased, but a test based on this fact would be impracticable in the field because of the need to...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
