Abstract：
:The profile and amount of dioxin impurity in agrochemicals were studied through detailed analysis of historic Japanese formulations. The chemicals analyzed include pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4'-nitrophenyl ether (chloronitrofen, CNP), 2,4-dichlorophenyl-4'-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen, NIP), tetrachloro-iso-phthalonitrile (chlorothalonil, TPN), 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid (MCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Among the six, two herbicides, PCP and CNP, produced during the 1960s and 1970s, contained very high concentrations of PCDD/DFs and TEQ. Others contained relatively low concentrations of PCDD/DFs. Dioxin-like PCB concentrations in all chemicals studied were low and their contributions to TEQ were negligible. The total dioxin emissions from the use of agrochemicals in Japan during the past 40 years (1955-1995) were estimated to be about a few hundred thousand kg of PCDD/DFs and 250 kg of WHO-TEQ from PCP and 190 x 10(3) kg of PCDD/DFs and 440 kg of WHO-TEQ from CNP. The major dioxin congeners present in PCP formulations were highly chlorinated PCDD/DFs that can be formed by the coupling of PCP and/or 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and those in the CNP formulations were tetra- to hexa-chlorinated PCDD/DFs that can be formed from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and/or 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Masunaga S,Takasuga T,Nakanishi Jdoi
10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00310-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
873-85issue
4eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(00)00310-6journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CHEMOSPHERE文献大全abstract：:In late 1990s, USEPA/FDA made an important connection regarding the presence of elevated levels of dioxins (e.g., 1500 ng kg(-1) TEQ) in ball clays mined in Mississippi (USA) from a geological deposit dated to ~40 million years (Mississippi Embayment) that stretches over several states (northern part of Mississippi to...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.057
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic thermogenesis curves of mitochondria isolated from Oryctolagus cuniculus domestica liver tissue have been determined by using an LKB-2277 bioactivity monitor. After isolation, mitochondria maintain activity when stored in appropriate nutrients. The thermokinetic equation: [formula: see text] was establis...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0045-6535(96)00151-8
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce persistent impairment in learning and memory. However, the outcomes of maternal exposure on the neurological development of offspring are much less clear, and the underlying mechanism leading to toxicity remains undisclosed. Following chronic exposure of female rats during ge...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.094
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated persulfate reactions have widespread application for groundwater and environmental remediation, as many of these reactions involve destruction of environmental contaminants. Within the last five years, knowledge of activated persulfate degradation reactions has grown to include novel means of activating pers...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.055
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse including novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are emerging as newer contaminants in the aquatic environment. The presence of such pollutants has implications on the environment as well as public health and therefore their identification is important when monitoring water quality. Thi...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.040
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we tested phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP) and 4-propylphenol (PP) by using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in estrogen sensitive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) r...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00628-8
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) of urban wastewaters is usually limited by the available carbon source required by Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (PAO). External carbon sources as volatile fatty acids (VFA) or other pure organic compounds have been tested at lab scale demonstrating its ability to e...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.067
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may be metabolized to form hydroxylated and quinone products. Study on the formation of DNA adducts altered by PBDEs quinones was conducted. Various types of DNA adducts generated from in vitro reaction of deoxyguanosine (dG), 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA), 2'-deoxycytidine (dC), thymid...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.108
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess trace element levels in whole blood, serum and urine of 61 non-smoking adults living on the west coast of Canada and to determine their association with the following variables: age, gender, diet, participation in certain hobby and/or occupational activities, and levels of other...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.038
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electrochemical decolourisation of structurally different dyes (bromophenol blue, indigo, poly R-478, phenol red, methyl orange, fuchsin, methyl green and crystal violet) by means of the application of DC electric current was assessed. It was found that the electrochemical process allowed a colour removal of all d...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.019
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Till now, the Sahara desert sands have scarcely characterized for their organic contents, despite they are known to heavily affect Europe and America when transported by winds. In this study, the composition of sands collected in ten oasis lying in two regions of the Algerian Sahara during 2011 was investigated with r...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.069
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of contaminants of concern in agricultural crops, but little is known of their accumulation or behavior in grains. We grew Japanese rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica) in lysimeters irrigated with tap water or tap water plus simulated contaminated water for 2 years, then ana...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.022
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins (HPCDs) on the toxicity of some mixtures. Using the Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test, the joint toxicological effect for Mixture I (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1-nitronaphthalene) and Mixture II (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile) wer...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.079
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Veterinary antibiotics are the most heavily used pharmaceuticals in intensive animal farming operation. Their presence in the environment through application of manure and lagoon water as fertilizer in agricultural fields has generated a growing concern in recent years due to potential threat to the ecosystem and the ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.050
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We calculated the sensitivity of Galician forest soils to eutrophication caused by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds, using the Simple Mass Balance (SMB) method as described by [Posch, M., de Vries, W., Hettelingh, J.-P., 1995. Critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen. In: Posch, M., de Smet, P.A.M., Hettelin...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.072
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reproducibility of collection of atmospheric residues of the herbicides 2,4-D and triallate as bulk (wet plus dry) deposition samples by paired pan samplers and as particulate (filter) and vapour (PUF/XAD-2 resin cartridge) samples by paired high-volume air samplers was determined. Variability of herbicide concent...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00259-3
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Freundlich model and the Constant Capacitance Model (CCM) were used to describe silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) sorption, both individually and for binary P-Si systems, on two Andisols with different chemical properties: Freire soil (FS) and Piedras Negras soil (PNS). Silicon sorption kinetics were examined throug...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.059
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicity of receiving waters was evaluated by means of the young tadpoles assays. The sentinel organism was Bufo arenarum, an indigenous anuran species. The assayed water samples were taken from a highly polluted urban watercourse (Reconquista River, Buenos Aires, Argentina), characterized by high concentration of...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.045
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanoparticle-doped expanded graphite (IO/EG-1 and IO/EG-2) was prepared via a hydrothermal reaction and applied for the phosphorus adsorption in the aqueous solutions. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the successful fabrication of...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127395
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxaphene is a pesticide whose use was banned in North America because of concerns regarding its toxicity. To obtain better data on the metabolism and toxicity of toxaphene in primates, a one year feeding study was carried out in cynomologous monkeys at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for one year. Levels of toxaphene residues ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0045-6535(96)00024-0
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Static bioassays were made to evaluate efficiency of supplementation of ascorbic acid to remove stress of pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin from freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus. Clarias gariepinus exhibited several symptoms of stress when treated with deltamethrin (0.005 mg/l) for 24 h. Hepatosomatic index, live...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00557-5
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atmospheric concentrations of gaseous NH3 and HNO3 and of particulate NH4+ and NO3- were measured during various seasons at a forest ecosystem research site in the "Fichtelgebirge" mountains in Central Europe. Air masses arriving at this site were highly variable with respect to trace compound concentration levels and...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00124-8
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extensive application of radioactive element uranium (U) and its compounds in the nuclear industry has significantly increased the risk of exposure to the environment. Therefore, research on the safety risks and toxicity mechanisms of U exposure has received increasing attention. This paper reviews the toxic effec...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124548
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to predict nickel toxicity, affecting root growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare), in nutrient solutions. The extent to which Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+) ions and pH each influenced nickel toxicity was determined. Higher activities of Mg(2+) linearly increased the 4d EC50 Ni (2+) ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.008
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing resistance management strategies for eco-friendly insecticides is essential for the management of insect pests without harming the environment. Cyromazine is a biorational insecticide with very low mammalian toxicity. Resistance to cyromazine has recently been reported in house flies from Punjab, Pakistan. ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.018
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical compounds present on plastic were characterised on different types of plastic litter and beached pellets, using a general GC-MS screening method. A variety of plastic related compounds, such as building blocks, antioxidants, additives and degradation products, were identified next to diverse environmental pol...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.029
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The performance and microbial community structure of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) treating textile wastewater was investigated. The reactor showed excellent soluble COD and color removal of 98.5% and >97.5%, respectively. Dynamic membrane layer grown over the 3D printed dynamic membrane support showe...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124539
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Landfill is the dominant disposal choice for the non-classified waste, which results in the stockpile of materials after a long term stabilization process. A novel landfill, namely renewable landfill (RL), is developed and applied as a strategy to recycle the residual materials and reuse the land occupation, aim to re...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.036
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study presents the first systematic information on the degradation patterns of clandestine drug laboratory chemicals in soil. The persistence of five compounds - parent drugs (methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), precursor (pseudoephedrine), and synthetic by-products N-formylmethylamphetami...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.102
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the frame of a research project on microscopic distribution and speciation of geogenic thallium (Tl) from contaminated mine soils, Tl-bearing pyrite ore samples from Riotinto mining district (Huelva, SW Spain) were experimentally fired to simulate a roasting process. Concentration and volatility behavior of Tl and ...
journal_title：Chemosphere
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.109
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
