Rational use of drugs against Plasmodium falciparum.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a disfiguring parasitic disease and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. This study aimed to assess the severity of lymphoedema, the physical restrictions and socio-economic impact on affected individuals living in an endemic community in Malawi. METHODS:In a si...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Martindale S,Mkwanda SZ,Smith E,Molyneux D,Stanton MC,Kelly-Hope LA

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In The Gambia, insecticide impregnation of bed nets, used alone or combined with Maloprim, reduced morbidity and mortality from malaria amongst children between one and 4 years of age. Taking expenditure of both time and money by public authorities and village volunteers into account, the costs and cost-effectiveness ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Picard J,Aikins M,Alonso PL,Armstrong Schellenberg JR,Greenwood BM,Mills A

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypanosoma cruzi (Brazil strain) was maintained in liver infusion tryptose and medium supplemented with 5 or 10% foetal calf serum at 27 degrees C on a rotating shaker platform. 85 to 95% of the organisms under these conditions are epimastigotes and the medium supported logarithmic growth for up to 24 hours. The effe...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nadler JP,Lederer E,Wittner M,Baum SG,Tanowitz HB

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In highly malaria-endemic areas, thick smears are usually positive regardless of the clinical context. Therefore the simple positivity or negativity of the thick smear is not an adequate criterion for distinguishing malaria from other causes of fever. In order to define simple parasitological and clinical criteria for...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Trape JF,Peelman P,Morault-Peelman B

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Malawi, where high levels of chloroquine resistance were shown using a modified 7-day in vivo test, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine were evaluated as alternative initial therapies for Plasmodium falciparum infections in children under 5 years old. Therapy success rates, judged by parasite clearance by day...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Heymann DL,Khoromana CO,Wirima JJ,Campbell CC

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To date, there is no consensus on ideal ways to measure antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in resource limited settings. This study aimed to identify markers of poor adherence to ART. Methods:Retrospective data of HIV-positive ART-naïve adults initiating standard first-line ART at Themba Lethu Clinic,...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nnambalirwa M,Govathson C,Evans D,McNamara L,Maskew M,Nyasulu P

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cohort of 48 Gambian children was protected against malaria by fortnightly administration of Maloprim (pyrimethamine and dapsone) for 2 years between their 3 and 5 birthdays. A matched cohort of 47 children received placebo. During the year following the termination of prophylaxis there was no increase in the freque...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Otoo LN,Snow RW,Menon A,Byass P,Greenwood BM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of hydatid disease in nomadic pastoralists living in eastern Africa and to identify environmental, cultural and behavioural factors which may influence Echinococcus transmission. 18,565 nomadic pastoralists, from 12 different groups living in the vast, semi-desert regions...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Macpherson CN,Spoerry A,Zeyhle E,Romig T,Gorfe M

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:HIV-associated TB is a serious public health problem in Myanmar. Study objectives were to describe national scale-up of collaborative activities to reduce the double burden of TB and HIV from 2005 to 2016 and to describe TB treatment outcomes of individuals registered with HIV-associated TB in 2015 in the Ma...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Theingi P,Harries AD,Wai KT,Shewade HD,Saw S,Win T,Thein S,Kyi MS,Nyunt Oo H,Aung ST

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a high prevalence of primary liver cell carcinoma in the Guinea Savanna country of Nigeria, one of the highest frequencies in the world. The highest frequency of the tumour was among males aged 20 to 49 years. The clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in other series in Africa. Alpha1-fo...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Fakunle YM,Ajdukiewicz AB,Greenwood BM,Edington GM

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A range of animal models of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection have been reported, and the host species differ widely both in their susceptibility to infection and in the pathogenesis of disease. In mice, and depending on the route of infection, dose, and mouse strain, the disease can range from a chronic, and in som...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Titball RW,Russell P,Cuccui J,Easton A,Haque A,Atkins T,Sarkar-Tyson M,Harley V,Wren B,Bancroft GJ

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) performed in a "sandwich" technique has demonstrated: (i) the usefulness of the test for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the opossum Didelphis marsupialis; (ii) the existence of differences in the serological response of the opossum, that were rel...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Jansen AM,Moriearty PL,Castro BG,Deane MP

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) categorisation has been developed as a phenotypic description of those TB strains that are resistant to most conventional anti-TB drugs. While widely accepted to have significant incidence in those areas, such as Eastern Europe, that have high levels of multidrug re...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Jones KD,Hesketh T,Yudkin J

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An improved enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) was used in the diagnosis of 311 suspected Russell's viper bite cases in Myanmar [Burma], 181 of whom (58%) had systemic envenoming. Russell's viper venom was detected in the sera of 175 (56.3%), cobra or green pit viper venoms in 4 (1.3%), and no venom in the remaining 1...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Tun-Pe,Ba-Aye,Aye-Aye-Myint,Tin-Nu-Swe,Warrell DA

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ultrasound utilization studies in the developing world are important to support appropriate use. METHODS:A prospective, cross-sectional study in the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, was performed which aimed to assess referrals, reports and usefulness of scans to develop ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Brindle HE,Allain TJ,Kampondeni S,Kayange N,Faragher B,Bates I,Joekes E

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor-resting anopheline mosquitoes were collected from Obuasi, Ghana, and were identified morphologically and by PCR as Anopheles funestus Giles. Wild-caught females were induced to lay eggs. Samples of F1 progeny from each family were divided into cohorts and were either exposed to DDT and permethrin or were stored...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Okoye PN,Brooke BD,Koekemoer LL,Hunt RH,Coetzee M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty surgically confirmed cases of hydatid disease in Eastern Libya were investigated. Of these, 30 had cysts of the liver, five had extra-hepatic abdominal cysts and 15 had cysts in the chest, including the lungs. Ten cases of malignancy of the liver and five cases of malignancy of the lung were used as controls. Di...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Taguri S,Dar FK

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed using Leishmania donovani promastigote soluble antigen gave positive responses in practically all the clinically and parasitologically diagnosed patients with kala-azar in a preliminary study. Healthy control subjects from non-endemic and endemic areas gave negati...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Choudhry A,Guru PY,Saxena RP,Tandon A,Saxena KC

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Large numbers of tuberculosis (TB) patients seek care from private for-profit providers. This study aimed to assess and compare TB control activities in the private for-profit and public sectors in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collec...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mailu EW,Owiti P,Ade S,Harries AD,Manzi M,Omesa E,Kiende P,Macharia S,Mbithi I,Kamene M

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe anaemia in pregnancy is an important preventable cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Different methods of screening for severe anaemia in pregnancy were evaluated in a 2-phased study conducted in Kilifi, Kenya. In phase 1 (in 1994/95), pallor testing was evaluated alone and in addition to r...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Shulman CE,Levene M,Morison L,Dorman E,Peshu N,Marsh K

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human milk was shown to inhibit adherence of Giardia at concentrations as low as 0.5%. Unsaturated fatty acids were also found to cause significant inhibitory effects on adherence, with ED50 values less than 1 microM for arachidonic, linoleic and palmitic acids. A variety of infant feeding formulae derived from cow's ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Crouch AA,Seow WK,Whitman LM,Thong YH

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The haemolymph of Panstrongylus megistus, infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, was examined by light and electron microscopy. Numerous parasites lie inside the haemocytes, each one in a vacuole. Their well-preserved morphological features support the concept of parasite multiplication in cells of the insect haemolymph. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lacombe D,Barth OM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the early 1900s, visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar) has been among the most important health problems in Sudan, particularly in the main endemic area in the eastern and central regions. Several major epidemics have occurred, the most recent--in Western Upper Nile province in southern Sudan, detected in 1988--...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Zijlstra EE,el-Hassan AM

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three apparently immunocompetent patients died in the intensive care unit at Loni Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, between 2001 and 2006 due to multiorgan failure and Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following a short course of corticosteroid (prednisolone) therapy of 6-17 days for peripheral blood eosin...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ghosh K,Ghosh K

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of transmission of Schistosoma mansoni of a focal snail control programme was investigated over four years amongst approximately 1250 people living in five communities in the steep-sided Soufriere river valley, St. Lucia, West Indies. Bayer 6076 was applied from constant flow drip cans to 12 stream sections...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Prentice MA,Jordan P,Bartholomew RK,Grist E

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review discusses three inter-related topics: (1) the immaturity of the neonatal and infant immune response; (2) heterologous immunity, where prior infection history with unrelated pathogens alters disease outcome resulting in either enhanced protective immunity or increased immunopathology to new infections, and ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gil A,Kenney LL,Mishra R,Watkin LB,Aslan N,Selin LK

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative antibody responses of individual Kenyan children to a tegument membrane preparation from adult schistosomes have been studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Qualitative differences between patients were examined by electrophoretic fractionation of the membrane preparation followed by Western blotti...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Roberts SM,Wilson RA,Ouma JH,Kariuki HC,Koech D,arap Siongok TK,Sturrock RF,Butterworth AE

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer and may be the most common human bacterial infection. The epidemiology of H. pylori has been poorly studied in Africa, where its relevance to disease has not been fully appreciated. Following a cross-sectional study design, H. pylori infec...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Farag TH,Stoltzfus RJ,Khalfan SS,Tielsch JM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes a large scale control programme for falciparum malaria in Xinyang prefecture, China, from the early 1980s to 1992. Falciparum malaria, transmitted mainly by Anopheles anthropophagus, was epidemic in Gusi, Huangchuan, Shangcheng and Huaibin counties in the prefecture in the early 1980s, 2922 cases ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dapeng L,Leyuan S,Xili L,Xiance Y

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In areas endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, clinical malaria is believed to be less common in infants than in older children, but specific case definitions have rarely been determined for this age group. As malaria case definitions are known to be both age- and site-specific, assessment of the risk of disease in infan...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McGuinness D,Koram K,Bennett S,Wagner G,Nkrumah F,Riley E

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00