Abstract：
:Among the different classes and complexities of antiretroviral regimens, maximal viral suppression, sustained durability, increased CD4 count, decreased evolving resistance, and fewer side effects combined with increased compliance resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality remain the goals of therapy. Serial viral load measurements help best guide the direction of therapy. According to the CDC 20% fewer people died of HIV in 1998 compared to 1997 in the United States. HAART, although expensive (sometimes exceeding $20,000 per year), is not readily available to 95% of the estimated 36 million HIV-infected people in the world. HAART therapy commonly consists of two NRTIs and a protease inhibitor, but other combination regimens exist. The disadvantage of HAART therapy is that antiretroviral agents are not virucidal, thus eradication with these drug cocktails cannot be achieved. When HAART therapy is stopped, viral loads return to pre-treatment levels. New drug classes under investigation may completely prevent fusion between the HIV virus and healthy cells. For now, the epidemic can only be controlled with good public awareness, such as education, condom use, or abstinence. Because a cure does not seem immediately foreseeable, an effective prophylactic vaccine may afford protection. Defined treatment regimens exist for occupational postexposure prophylaxis. Ultimately, an expert in the field should be involved in manipulating drug regimens; however, dermatologists remain an integral part of the health care team because most HIV patients experience cutaneous manifestations related either to their HIV or to their drug therapy.
journal_name
Dermatol Clinjournal_title
Dermatologic clinicsauthors
Carrasco DA,Tyring SKdoi
10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70314-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-10-01 00:00:00pages
757-72issue
4eissn
0733-8635issn
1558-0520pii
S0733-8635(05)70314-4journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:"Telemedicine" is defined as the use of telecommunication technologies for the exchange of medical information across distances. Applications include patient management as well as research and education. Teledermatology is a steadily growing category of telemedicine. This article presents general aspects of telemedici...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2007.12.003
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, scarring condition involving the intertriginous skin of the axillary, inguinal, inframammary, genital, and perineal areas of the body. It is also referred to as acne inversa and Verneuil disease. Follicular occlusion is the primary event in HS. It is now accept...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2010.07.003
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article has shown that all the necessary components for successful control of gonorrhea are available. In developed countries, general improvements in economic conditions and advances in treatment and diagnosis have resulted in the lowest incidence rates of gonorrhea ever. Within these countries, however, control...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70036-x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The umbrella term psoriasis is now understood to incorporate several distinct phenotypes or endotypes along the disease spectrum that in turn will dictate different therapies. A stratified medicine approach to psoriasis using this clinical information coupled with pharmacogenomic and immunologic data will become more ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2014.09.012
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Nail clipping is a simple technique for diagnosis of several nail unit dermatoses. This article summarizes the practical approach, utility, and histologic findings of a nail clipping in evaluation of onychomycosis, nail unit psoriasis, onychomatricoma, subungual hematoma, melanonychia, and nail cosmetics, and the for...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2014.12.011
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its discovery, the understanding of the roles for TNF-alpha in human biology and disease has grown. Receptors for TNF are found on virtually all cell types, and many physiologic processes seem to be altered by TNF-alpha. The understanding of how TNF-alpha is involved in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as i...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70304-1
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Black patients who desire cosmetic surgery have not had many treatment options or services available to them. At this time, the requests for specific cosmetic surgical procedures by black patients have far exceeded the number of cosmetic surgeons able to meet their needs. A surgeon who calls himself or herself a cosme...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A systematic method of examining nail disorders is important. A patient questionnaire (sample provided) and a basic method of categorizing various problems are helpful tools. Thorough investigation usually yields a diagnosis. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids are important protective structures for the eye and are also of considerable cosmetic value. The dermatologist should understand the available cosmetic and surgical techniques for helping patients with eyebrow loss, eyelash loss, and dermatochalasis. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author reviews published papers on human hair growth in nude mice. There is evidence from various sources indicating that grafting of human scalp onto nude mice does not modify significantly morphogenesis, hair follicle structure and function, and composition of the newly grown hair fiber. On the basis of personal...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70388-0
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treating the underlying pathophysiology of the wound remains of utmost importance. Several new treatment modalities may soon be available as adjunctive treatments. The efficacy of some remains to be established in well-controlled clinical studies. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70414-9
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) represent a heterogeneous group with respect to clinical presentation, histology, and phenotype. The most frequent CTCL represent a proliferation of x/x+ T-cell with a helper inducer memory phenotype (CD4+, CD29+, CD45RO+). ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) in Mexico continues to be a rare genodermatosis that is still unknown for most of the health care professionals in the country. The spirit of DebRA MEXICO was born in 1994 when the Mexican health care team started to see patients with the main purpose to provide medical care, genetic counsel...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2010.02.014
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes that the diagnosis of melanoma has improved with such tools as epiluminescence microscopy. There remain, however, a number of unusual types of melanoma that are difficult to diagnose by virtue of their atypical or subtle morphology. The prognosis of these melanomas is often worse than for their ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(02)00036-0
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypothesis is proposed for the etiopathogenesis of some cases of Hodgkin's disease, Sezary's syndrome, and related disorders that compose the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma group. This new model, termed the thymus bypass model, is discussed in detail in this article. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basis of in-office evaluation of leg vascular disease involves Doppler ultrasound to estimate flow in arteries and veins. Arterial evaluation localizes sites of obstruction by segmental pressures obtained by Doppler signal assessment using pressure cuffs. Ankle compared with brachial arterial pressure is the most ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermatopathology (DP) education is critical to the comprehensive training of dermatology and pathology residents and to the accurate diagnosis and management of cutaneous disease. DP has seen tremendous growth, and its success depends on our ability to effectively educate future leaders, teachers, and researchers who ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2012.06.003
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guttate and plaque psoriasis are regarded as variants of one disease but present with distinct clinical and histologic appearances. This article focuses special attention on different pathways in the development and clinical course of each, with emphasis on immunologic correlations regarding HLA system linkage and the...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by poikilodermatous skin changes that appear in infancy. The inheritance is autosomal recessive. Patients exhibit variable features including skeletal abnormalities, juvenile cataracts, and a higher-than-expected incidence of malignancy. This article...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disorder, responsible for up to 30% of all cases of occupational disease in industrialized nations. Epidemiologic data suggest that contact dermatitis accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases of occupational skin disease, imposing considerable social and economic imp...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2009.05.002
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin disease is highly prevalent in the United States, and it has been well-documented that patients with skin disease experience financial, psychological, social, and quality-of-life (QoL) burdens beyond those of the general population. Pediatric patients and their caregivers are particularly vulnerable to the burden...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2012.12.010
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much progress has been made over the past 10 years with regard to development of a vaccine active against HPV. Successful protection has been achieved in animal models using species-specific papillomaviruses; however, HPV diversity may delay the development of successful HPV vaccines, especially those designed as ther...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70056-5
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin diseases, including chemical burns, are the most frequently reported of all occupational illnesses. More than 90 per cent of work-related dermatologic problems are contact dermatitis, and there is rarely anything about the location and appearance of these lesions to differentiate clearly from a dermatitis of nono...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I would like to stress that there seem to be three subpopulations of neural crest-derived melanocytes in the body that can be functionally and morphologically distinguished: the cutaneous melanocytes, which continuously synthesize small melanosomes to be transferred to keratinocytes; the uveal melanocytes, which synth...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a spectrum of melanocytic tumors from benign to malignant. The goal of the dermatologist is to identify and remove early melanomas because doing so can be lifesaving. At the same time, it is inappropriate to randomly remove benign nevi. Dermatoscopy is an additional tool that can be used to help discriminate ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70269-2
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although trichoscopy has only recently been introduced in the assessment of hair and scalp disorders, it is already considered an essential diagnostic tool by many experts in the field. This article discusses topics that are often a source of doubt among clinicians, and tips that may help dermatologists better perform...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2018.05.008
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although clinical trials for new drugs are often limited in children because of safety concerns or restrictions, new therapies or novel strategies with old drugs have recently expanded dermatologic armamentarium for pediatric patients. Oral propranolol is currently the first choice in the treatment of alarming infanti...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.det.2010.03.005
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cosmeceuticals are topically applied products that are more than merely cosmetic, yet are not true drugs that have undergone rigorous placebo controlled studies for safety and efficacy. There are many review articles that outline the theoretical biologic and clinical actions of these cosmeceuticals and their various i...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2009.08.005
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Involvement of the genitourinary tract has been described in many different types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Pathology may be broadly divided into problems resulting in obstruction, that may in turn lead to hydroureter or hydronephrosis, or disease primarily affecting the renal parenchyma. Left unrecognized and un...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2010.01.014
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:UV erythema or sunburn is a common sequela of modern man's pursuit of leisure activities. The dermatologist is frequently confronted with this painful cutaneous inflammatory response. The pathogenesis of sunburn is examined in terms of individual genetic sensitivity, environmental exposure, spectral variability, and t...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
