Abstract:
:Within the conversion of the 2nd Council Directive on Driving Licences of the Council of the European Communities (91/439/EEC) into national law, changes became necessary to the Road Traffic Act (StVG) and a new Driving Licence Ordinance (FeV) was created which has been in force since 01.01.1999 (Federal Law Gazette, 1998, Part I No. 55, 26. August 1998). Both in Annex III of the EC Directive and in Annex 4 of the Driving Licence Ordinance, statements are made with regard to the driving capability of diabetics. Besides this legal basis for evaluating capacity to drive a motor vehicle, the appraisal guidelines (Begutachtungs-Leitlinien zur Kraftfahrereignung) established in commission of the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing are to be understood as a set of rules which are outside the framework of actual legal statute as such and which are intended to support assessors in making decisions in individual cases. When considering whether an appraisal of driving capacity has to take place, in particular a difference is made between the different classes of vehicle. For motor cycles and passenger cars (Classes A and B), it will also be the case in future that a medical examination will only be ordered if there is a specific reason. Apart from this, only a sight test is necessary, as has been the practice up to now. In the case of lorries and buses (Classes C and D) and the licence for transportation of passengers (on a commercial basis) there will be an initial appraisal, as has also been the case up to now, and there will also be repeat appraisals. This is new for Class C, where up to the present there has only been an initial appraisal. The basic principle which applies is that the driving licence authority has the duty to instigate appraisal of the driving capacity of an applicant for a driving licence or of the holder of a driving licence if there is justified doubt about the driving capacity of the person concerned.
journal_name
Z Gastroenteroljournal_title
Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologieauthors
Becker Sdoi
10.1055/s-2002-23611subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
S38-S45eissn
0044-2771issn
1439-7803journal_volume
40 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Localization of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with conventional imaging techniques can be difficult. With the advent of the somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy the diagnosis of these could be improved. In this study 76 patients with immunohistologically proven neuroendocrine tumors were analysed by compa...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a protein-losing, exsudative gastroenteropathy causing lymphatic obstruction. Diagnosis depends on clinical examination and histological findings. Conservative treatment modalities include a low-fat diet and enteral nutritional therapy in order to reduce enteric protein los...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1273473
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND: More and more gastroenterologists are not satisfied with their working conditions and run the risk of developing burnout symptoms. Little is known about the job satisfaction and burnout risk among physicians working in endoscopy units in Germany. This study examines the risk of burnout and job satisfaction ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-1176-2344
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this report are to: 1) compare the Crohn's disease (CD) patient's assessment of their well-being to the physician's assessment of the patient's well-being, 2) use the existing Crohn's disease indices (CDI) in comparing the severity of CD with the patient's self assessment, and 3) compare the CDI with...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background and aims Therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mainly depends on tumor stage and liver function. The aim of this study was to identify additional predictors of overall survival in HCC patients with a particular attention to multimodal therapies. Methods Six hundred and seven consecutive HCC-patients tre...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-121264
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of two peptides, the intracellular Ca2(+)-mobilizing caerulein and the cAMP-mediated secretin, and also the phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine on pancreatic secretion and growth in newborn rats. To investigate the secretory response of these substances, and to construct dose-response curves 10-...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the potential colonoscopy has in prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), its overall use within a population is a meaningful parameter to estimate the future CRC burden. We aimed to examine overall prevalence and correlates of colonoscopy use in Germany, a country with a long-standin...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245611
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Contrast harmonic imaging significantly increases the detectability of liver lesions which are invisible on conventional B-mode sonography. With the introduction of contrast agents, which can be visualized at low mechanical index (low-MI), continuous real time observation of liver lesions under cont...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-812712
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high regenerative potential of the liver is driven by parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which restore the original liver mass after injury by cell proliferation. The contribution of stem- and progenitor cells to liver regeneration is mainly observed when hepatocyte proliferation is impaired. However, the orig...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566895
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION: Assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is usually based on the physician's evaluation of clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and biomarker analysis. The German Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index for CD (GIBDICD) and UC (GIBDIUC) uses data from patient...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0605-4080
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The introduction of the S3 guideline on "Sedation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy" in 2008 led to substantial organisational, structural, staffing-related, financial, and legal changes in the everyday work of departments of gastrointestinal endoscopy. This study examines the economic effects of this and the ch...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1313080
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-nine caustic burns of the upper gastrointestinal tract were divided into early and late effects. The radiological findings were analysed and discussed. The central role of radiology proved to be indisputable, particularly for demonstration of a perforation and for the control of treatment. Endoscopy is of part...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Video Endoscopy and Video Sonography are new developments in the field of endoscopy. They will start a structural change of the common endoscopy unit. This article shall give an overview about new development ways and their consequences for the next years in the field of Video Endoscopy. ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1977 cases with gastric complains but without localized findings like ulcer or cancer were investigated by gastroscopy with biopsies of corpus and antrum ventriculi. We found in 5.5% an isolated mucosal atrophy of the gastric corpus (mean age 67.2 years compared to 59.4 years in cases with normal mucosa). 0.7% showed ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM: To investigate feasibility and outcome the novel and favorable option of an endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)-guided antegrade or even retrograde gall stone extraction via a transhepatic route in patients (pats.) with no option for the usual gold standard, ERCP. MATERIAL/METHODS: All consecutive pats. with cholangi...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-1250-8834
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased acid reflux after meals is a key feature of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is the most important cause for patient symptoms, particularly heartburn and acid regurgitation. Chronic acid exposure also predisposes to associated pathologies including reflux esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0645-7169
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have applied the ion sensitive analysis of hydrogen (H2) in expired air in intervals of five minutes for five hours to determine carbohydrate malabsorption. In 19 patients with lactose malabsorption the increase in hydrogen was prior (45, SE 13 min) to healthy volunteers (142, SD 71 min, p less than 0.01). In compa...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following publication is an overview looking at diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities related to interventional procedures for diseases of the pancreas. We emphasize the description of the technique and show meaningful indications and limitations. ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-10302
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and overlap syndromes of these three disease entities are regarded as autoimmune liver diseases. These conditions are important differential diagnoses of elevated liver function tests as about 10 % of liver transplantatio...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-812686
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Squamous cell carcinomas account for more than 80 % of esophageal malignancies in Germany. Alcohol and tobacco smoke are two of the most important risk factors. In superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a very useful and effective treatment modality. However, in patients ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-813221
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited disorder resulting from deficient activity of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). LAL is the key enzyme hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters and triglycerides stored in lysosomes after LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis. Mutations within the LIPA ge...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1350463
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last years the per-capita-consumption of pure alcohol in the Federal Republic of Germany is slightly decreasing. In 1986 every person consumed an average of 11.5 litres of pure alcohol (146.4 litres of beer, 23.3 litres of wine and 6.1 litres of spirits). The amount of the alcohol addicts must be estimated ...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case report is given on two patients receiving halothane anesthesia while beeing treated with isoniacid, ethambutol and rifampicin. Following halothane anesthesia, both patients developed a severe liver disease with encephalopathy grade III. We observed a moderate increase of bilirubin and SGOT and a more severe inc...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background and aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most frequent underlying diseases leading to HCC development. Sorafenib is the standard of care for HCC patients not amenable to local treatment, r...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-118232
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cost diaries administered by patients have been used as a method to measure costs for different diseases. Our aim was to test the application of a patient cost diary in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to measure disease specific resource utilization and costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A specif...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-25153
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a rare case of a 52 year old patient with multiple gastric wall abscesses. In 1987 a selective proximal vagotomy was performed. Because of non-specific gastric symptoms in 1993 an endoscopy and an endoscopic ultrasound was performed at another hospital which resulted in the likely diagnosis of multiple leiom...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 34-year-old Turkish woman presented with septic fever, sweats, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. Further examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and multiple caseous granulomas. Microbiological diagnosis revealed Brucella melitensis type 3 as causative agent. This case repor...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is detected frequently in dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. Management of patients with EoE may be complicated because EoE is associated frequently with esophageal motility disorders. We present the rare case of esophageal achalasia (EA) associated with eosinophilic infiltr...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0808-5043
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endoscopic sclerotherapy to stop acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage is simple as well as inexpensive in comparison to laser or electrocoagulation. In this paper a report on our experiences during the last five years is given. 187 patients with different bleeding sites in the upper and lower digestive tract have been t...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In hepatic resections, there has been a high quality demand. The aim of this systematic clinical, prospective, unblinded unicenter observational study with two arms in an unselected patient cohort was to investigate whether hemostat device can significantly improve outcome in resective liver surgery, in particu...
journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-100284
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00