[The acid pocket - a novel target for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease].

Abstract:

:Increased acid reflux after meals is a key feature of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is the most important cause for patient symptoms, particularly heartburn and acid regurgitation. Chronic acid exposure also predisposes to associated pathologies including reflux esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and Barrett's carcinoma (esophageal adenocarcinoma). The severity of esophageal symptoms and mucosal damage is related to two key factors, (i) the acidity of the refluxate, which depends primarily on the gastric secretory output and its distribution within the stomach, and (ii) the frequency and duration of reflux events which depends on the efficacy of the reflux barrier at the gastro-esophageal junction and the esophageal clearance function. The concept of the acid pocket is an attempt to bring these two factors into a unified patho-mechanism.The acid pocket describes an area of unbuffered, highly acidic, gastric secretion in the proximal stomach adjacent to the esophago-gastric junction (GEJ) which forms in the postprandial period and is the source of acid refluxate into the esophagus. It is observed both in healthy individuals as well as in reflux patients. However, the presence of a hiatus hernia and/or a weak lower esophageal sphincter in patients allows the acid pocket to encroach on the gastro-esophageal junction. This results in very high acid exposure of the squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus, leading to mucosal damage and symptoms. Recently, the acid pocket has been proposed as a target for pharmacological and surgical therapies of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors and related medications reduce its acidity; whereas, alginate preparations, prokinetics, and fundoplication displace it away from the gastro-esophageal junction. :Die gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit stellt die häufigste Ursache für Symptome des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts dar.Der Säure-Reflux in der postprandialen Phase ist der prädominante Faktor der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit (gastro-esophageal Reflux disease, GERD) und führt zu Beschwerden wie Sodbrennen und saurem Aufstoßen. Die chronische Säureexposition des Ösophagus führt zudem zu Komplikationen wie der Refluxösophagitis, peptischen Stenosen, dem Barrett-Ösophagus oder dem Adenokarzinom.Das Ausmaß an mukosalen Schäden und Symptomen hängt von zwei Hauptfaktoren ab: (1.) dem Säuregehalt des Refluxats, welches primär von der gastralen Säureproduktion und der Verteilung der Säure im Magen abhängt sowie (2.) der Häufigkeit / Dauer an Refluxepisoden und der Stärke der Refluxbarriere am gastroösophagealen Übergang. Das Konzept der Acid Pocket ist ein Versuch, diese Faktoren in einem gemeinsamen Pathomechanismus zu vereinen.Die Acid Pocket beschreibt eine Ansammlung von Magensäure am gastroösophagealen Übergang in der postprandialen Phase und stellt ein wichtiges Reservoir für gastroösophageale Refluxepisoden dar. Die Acid Pocket ist sowohl bei Gesunden wie auch bei Refluxpatienten vorhanden. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit einer Hiatushernie und / oder einem hypotensiven unteren Ösophagus-Sphinkter kann sich die Acid Pocket aber über den gastroösophagealen Übergang hinaus in den distalen Ösophagus ausbreiten, was zu einer erhöhten Säureexposition insbesondere des distalsten Ösophagus-Abschnitts und somit Refluxbeschwerden führt.In den letzten Jahren wurde die Acid Pocket als mögliches Ziel von pharmakologischen und chirurgischen GERD-Therapien postuliert. Säurehemmende Medikamente wie z. B. Protonen-Pumpen-Inhibitoren reduzieren den Säuregehalt der Acid Pocket, wogegen Alginat-Substanzen, Prokinetika und die Fundoplikatio-Operation die Acid Pocket nach distal weg vom gastroösophagealen Übergang dislozieren.

journal_name

Z Gastroenterol

authors

Sauter M,Fox MR

doi

10.1055/a-0645-7169

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1276-1282

issue

10

eissn

0044-2771

issn

1439-7803

journal_volume

56

pub_type

杂志文章
  • [Hydrogen metabolism in the large intestine--physiology and clinical implications].

    abstract::During the anaerobic metabolism of the colonic bacterial flora short chain fatty acids and the gases hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxyde (CO2) are produced. In about 50% of a European and North-American population and in 90% of rural black Africans, methane is generated from H2 and CO2. In methane-negative individuals, s...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Christl SU,Scheppach W,Kasper H

    更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00

  • [Gallstone formation following transmural migration of a surgical clip in the bile ducts. Case report].

    abstract::Foreign bodies as a nucleus for precipitation of gall-stones are not frequently observed. The combination of primary immigrated foreign bodies into the bile ducts and following encasing by a gall-stone could be even more rarely found. A case report is presented concerning a patient, in whom a hemo-clip was fixed away ...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Wittenberg H,Freise J,Meyer HJ,Then P

    更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00

  • Preliminary Clinical Experience with Shear Wave Dispersion Imaging for Liver Viscosity in Preoperative Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions.

    abstract:BACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to analyze viscosity characteristics of focal liver lesions (FLLs) and the diagnostic performance of shear wave dispersion (SWD) in differentiating benign and malignant FLLs. METHODS: Between January 2018 and April 2018, 58 consecutive patients (median age 57, age range 21-74 years,...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/a-1217-7465

    authors: Dong Y,Qiu Y,Zhang Q,Yang D,Yu L,Wang WP,Dietrich CF

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of n-3 fatty acids on fluid and electrolyte transport in rat intestine in vivo and in vitro.

    abstract::Potential therapeutic benefits of dietary n-3 fatty acids are presently evaluated in arteriosclerotic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Because some other long-chain fatty acids inhibit intestinal fluid absorption, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on fluid and electrolyte tran...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Loeschke K,Schreiner J,Oberst G

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • [A new combination therapy for diabetic gastroparesis].

    abstract::According to our knowledge and for the first time we refer about the combination therapy with gastric electric stimulation and injection of botulinus toxin into the pylorus at a patient with increased symptomatic diabetic gastroparesis for the first time. The prospectively documented gastroparesis-symptom-score improv...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-0028-1109857

    authors: Hummel M,Fuechtenbusch M

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • [Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the stomach with BRAF-V600E-mutation: case report and review of the literature].

    abstract::Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disease with different clinical presentations and a wide spectrum of organ involvements. Rarely Langerhans cell histiocytosis can involve the gastrointestinal tract of adult patients. A case of infiltration of gastric mucosa by Langerhans cell histiocytosis is presented. The neoplast...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1055/s-0034-1399058

    authors: Sarbia M,Mauerer R,Bettstetter M,Funk A

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • [The diagnostic importance of low-density lipoprotein (LP-X) for the diagnosis of cholestasis].

    abstract::Based on the clinical, biochemical and morphological examination of a selected group of patients, the following may be said about low-density lipoprotein (LP-X): The LP-X test 1. proves to be a reliable method of examination for diagnosing cholestasis. It is a quick and simple test; 2. has a highly significant statist...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Michel B,Ritter U

    更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00

  • [Radiologic demonstration of esophageal and gastric motility phenomena].

    abstract::Indication and significance of roentgenological procedures referring to esophageal and gastric motility are discussed with special reference to a number of functional disorders. Cinematography and tape-recording are necessary for fast peristaltic motion as in vascular, neurological and myogenic diseases of the upper e...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Faust H

    更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00

  • [Diagnostic accuracy of fiber endoscopy in esophageal and gastric carcinoma. Attempt at error analysis].

    abstract::A retrospective analysis was performed in 332 cases with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A limit of one month was set for delayed and missed bioptically verified endoscopic diagnosis. Malignant cycle in ulcerated lesions and the size of elevated processes were the probable causes of delayed diagnosis in 7 ...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schmid E,Blaich E,Schwarzkopf H,Kovarik P

    更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00

  • Incidence, clinical management and outcomes of esophageal perforations after endoscopic dilatation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Esophageal dilatation is performed for the treatment of anatomic and sometimes functional narrowing of the esophageal lumen caused by a variety of benign and malignant conditions. Esophageal perforation is the major complication associated with endoscopic dilatation. AIM:The object of this study was to asse...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-2007-963558

    authors: Fry LC,Mönkemüller K,Neumann H,Schulz HU,Malfertheiner P

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • [Anorectal manometry].

    abstract::This document contains the guidelines of the German Societies of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Gastroenterology (committee for proctology), Abdominal Surgery (coloproctology working group), and Coloproctology for anorectal manometry in adults. Recommendations are given about technical notes, study preparation (e...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引

    doi:10.1055/s-2007-963099

    authors: Pehl C,Enck P,Franke A,Frieling T,Heitland W,Herold A,Hinninghofen H,Karaus M,Keller J,Krammer HJ,Kreis M,Kuhlbusch-Zicklam R,Mönnikes H,Münnich U,Schiedeck T,Schmidtmann M,German Society for Neurogastroenterology and Mot

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Endoscopic therapy for Zenkers's diverticulum by means of argon plasma coagulation.

    abstract::We describe a 80-year-old man who presented with progressive dysphagia because of a Zenker's diverticulum. Barium swallow study revealed a large posterior diverticulum with a distal stenosis of the esophagus caused by compression. Because the patient was a poor candidate for surgery an endoscopic therapy was performed...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-2002-32798

    authors: Pech O,May A,Gossner L,Mayer G,Abdollahnia R,Ell C

    更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00

  • Impaired bolus clearance in combined high-resolution esophageal manometry and impedance measurement helps to differentiate between esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and achalasia.

    abstract::Introduction and aims High-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) has improved the diagnostic work-up of esophageal motility disorders. Simultaneous evaluation of bolus clearance delivers useful information about the function of tubular esophagus. We assessed bolus clearance in a combined HRM-impedance examination for ...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-0042-121267

    authors: Zizer E,Seufferlein T,Hänle MM

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • Assessment of afferent gut--brain function using cerebral evoked responses to esophageal stimulation.

    abstract::Increasing awareness is attributed to altered sensory perception in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders. Evoked potentials (EP), which represent the brain's electrical response to peripheral stimulation, have recently been used to investigate where and how (GI) afferent information is processed along the br...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Hollerbach S,Kamath MV,Lock G,Schölmerich J,Upton AR,Tougas G

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Beyond fibrosis: stellate cells as liver stem cells.

    abstract::The high regenerative potential of the liver is driven by parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which restore the original liver mass after injury by cell proliferation. The contribution of stem- and progenitor cells to liver regeneration is mainly observed when hepatocyte proliferation is impaired. However, the orig...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1055/s-0035-1566895

    authors: Kordes C,Sawitza I,Götze S,Schumacher E,Häussinger D

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • [Prolactin in females with liver cirrhosis].

    abstract::The median plasma level of prolactin in 94 women with cirrhosis of the liver did not differ significantly when compared with a control group (8,0 versus 7,2 ng/ml). Nevertheless 22% of the investigated women exhibited a plasma prolactin level higher than 15 ng/ml. The prolactin concentrations correlated to the severen...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Grün R

    更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00

  • [The overlooked stone of the biliary tract].

    abstract::A report is given of current diagnosis and treatment of overlooked stones of the common bile duct, reviewing 81 patients seen in our hospital. Problems arise mainly in icteric and postoperatively critical patients. There is still not enough clinical experience in medical or endoscopic treatment in the disease. Therefo...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schmidt HD

    更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00

  • [Toluidin blue in gastrointestinal endoscopy].

    abstract::For decades, methylene blue has been used in gastrointestinal endoscopy as an absorbing dye, it was, however, not approved for that purpose and has now been withdrawn from the market. A possible substitute is toluidine blue, an acidophilic, metachromatic dye that selectively stains cell nuclei; accordingly, since 2007...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-0028-1110032

    authors: Retter J,Collet PH,Böcker U,Singer MV,Kähler G

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • [Intragastric utilization of antacids following meals in relation to stomach emptying].

    abstract::Gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying rate was measured using double marker method and continuous titration of a liquid peptone test meal. Titration rate was significantly reduced by 30 ml of an aluminiumhydroxide- and magnesiumhydroxide containing antacid compound (Maalox). Acidity of gastric contents was reduc...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lux G,Hartog C,Ruppin H,Lederer P,Schmitt W

    更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00

  • [Recommendations on therapy for chronic constipation--working group for functional diagnosis and psychosomatics of the austrian society of gastroenterology and hepatology].

    abstract::Constipation is one of the most frequent gastroenterological problems, especially among elderly people. Chronic constipation is now defined by the new Rome III criteria. Life style counselling is usually only effective in early stages of disease and for mild types. In patients with constipation one should actively scr...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245932

    authors: Vogelsang H,Pfeiffer J,Moser G

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • [Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding as first clinical manifestation of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (author's transl)].

    abstract::We describe a patient with a "cryptogenic" massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a pseudoxanthoma elasticum, recognized only postoperatively. She underwent twice emergency abdominal surgery with total gastrectomy and partial jejunal resection, with a complicated postoperative course. An insufficient enteral a...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Keim HJ,Holtermüller KH,Walter U,Bork K,Rothmund M,Gabbert H

    更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00

  • [Effects of alcohol on the upper gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas--an up-to-date overview].

    abstract::The oesophagus, stomach and pancreas are primary target organs for ethanol-related diseases. In the oesophagus and stomach, ethanol induces motility disorders and mucosal lesions that are dose-dependent and reversible under acute conditions. Chronic consumption of alcohol causes a significant increase in the risk for ...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1055/s-2005-858257

    authors: Siegmund SV,Singer MV

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00

  • [(Studies on intragastric titration in man) ].

    abstract::The method of intragastric titration uses food particles for stimulation of gastric acid secretion and is characterised by an excellent reproducibility. The food stimulated gastric acid secretion is influenced by the pH-value of the stimulus, whereas concentration of the peptone solution and volume of the test meal is...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Loweg C,Becker HD,Degenhardt T

    更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of deoxycholic and ricinoleic acid on the isolated circular muscle of the cat colon are modified by leucine-enkephalin.

    abstract::The mechanism of the diarrheogenic effect of bile acids and fatty acids is incompletely understood. In order to study their effects on motility we tested sodium deoxycholate and sodium ricinoleate in their actions on the spontaneous mechanical and myoelectrical activity of the isolated circular muscle of the cat colon...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Wienbeck M,Karaus M

    更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00

  • [Paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans of the esophagus: a case report].

    abstract::A 69-year-old man presented for endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract because of dysphagia for solid food and unintended weight loss. Several months before, he had noticed brownish-gray skin lesions in the neck, in the thorax and in both axillae. A dermatological consultant expressed the suspicion...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299503

    authors: Sarbia M,Ringelhan M,Siveke J,Bettstetter M,Karimi D

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • [Early gastric cancer, results in a county hospital (author's transl)].

    abstract::In a nine-year period, 46 patients with early gastric cancer were diagnosed and operated at a county hospital. Fiberscopy of the stomach raised the percentage of early gastric cancer from 1% in a five year pre-endoscopic period to 11.9% with endoscopy. On an average, subjects with early gastric cancer were 8 years you...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schmid E,Gehl H,Blaich E,Haag S,Lorentz H,Kovarik P,Rettenmayr K,Schwarzkopf H

    更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00

  • [Endoscopic injections around gastrointestinal hemorrhages in the stomach and duodenum].

    abstract::Besides the method of laser coagulation and electrocoagulation the endoscopic injection therapy of gastrointestinal bleeding in the stomach and in the duodenum seems to be a successful, inexpensive and simple method. In our hospital 62 pat. were treated by endoscopic injection therapy since 1978. A definitive hemostas...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Thies E,Lange V,Lühmann B

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • [Early evening administration of ranitidine in therapy of duodenal ulcer].

    abstract::In this randomized clinical study the effect of 300 mg ranitidine given either after an early evening meal (abt. 6 p.m.) (n = 136) or at bedtime (abt. 10 p.m.) (n = 145) was investigated in 279 patients with an acute duodenal ulcer (79 women, 200 men, age median 40 years). To provide a double blind design, patients of...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:

    authors: Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier G,Klingmann J,Pabst G,Geerke H,Koch EM

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Helicobacter pylori and congestive gastropathy.

    abstract::This study evaluates the prevalence and significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection in patients with portal hypertension. 118 patients were selected, i. e. 90 patients with portal hypertension (66 males, 24 females, mean age 49.1 +/- 2.1 years) and 28 noncirrhotic patients with nonulcerative dyspepsia as...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Bahnacy A,Kupcsulik P,Elés ZS,Jàray B,Flautner L

    更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00

  • Medical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation induced enteritis--is there any proven therapy? a short review.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Radiation enteritis is a severe problem in patients receiving irradiation of the abdomen or pelvis in the course of cancer treatment. Nevertheless, there is a lack of standardised strategies for medical prevention and therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A PubMed based literature search was performed to address t...

    journal_title:Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1055/s-2008-1027150

    authors: Zimmerer T,Böcker U,Wenz F,Singer MV

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00