Abstract:
:Vitamin A supplements are reported to reduce febrile episodes of malaria and parasite counts, especially in children aged 12-36 months. Red palm oil (RPO) is a good source of vitamin A, is rich in alpha- and beta-carotene and is as effective as high-dose retinyl palmitate supplements in improving vitamin A status. In western Nigeria, where malaria is endemic, RPO is widely used and consumption can be measured using plasma alpha-carotene as a proxy biomarker since there are few other prominent sources of this carotene in the diet. The influence of RPO consumption on malaria was investigated in 207 children (aged 0-60 months) who presented with fever in August-October 1999 at several hospital clinics around Ile-Ife. Medical and anthropometric data, body temperature, parasitaemia and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols were measured in the children. Mothers were interviewed on usage of cooking oil and mosquito nets in the home, education and occupation. Most families used RPO and median plasma concentrations of both alpha-carotene (0.518 mumol/L) and beta-carotene (0.698 mumol/L) in the children were high. Using body temperature, parasite density and plasma CRP as markers of disease severity, multiple linear regression analysis was carried out on those for whom complete data were available (n = 138), separated into 3 age-groups of < 12 months (n = 37), 12-36 months (n = 68) and > 36 months (n = 33). In the absence of plasma retinol, plasma alpha-carotene explained 13.9% of the variance in parasite density (P = 0.013) but only in children aged > 36 months. The relationship with disease severity was negative, i.e., there was some evidence that RPO usage protected against malaria, and other dietary indices generally indicated that better nutritional status was associated with a lower severity of malaria.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Cooper KA,Adelekan DA,Esimai AO,Northrop-Clewes CA,Thurnham DIdoi
10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90312-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
216-23issue
2eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A recently described simple kit for isolating African trypanosomes in vitro (KIVI) was tested further with blood samples from man and other animals in Côte d'Ivoire and République du Congo. A high rate of success was achieved, with positive cultures being found 5-36 d after inoculation. The method was also of value in...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90158-9
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue occurred sporadically in Bangladesh from 1964 until a large epidemic in 2000 established the virus. We trace dengue from the time it was first identified in Bangladesh and identify factors favourable to future dengue haemorrhagic fever epidemics. The epidemic in 2000 was likely due to introduction of a dengue v...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trv067
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the number of clients attending for voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing who are able to enter a trial of preventive therapy for tuberculosis, and the factors that determine who receives therapy, we studied 475 consecutive people attending for an HIV test at Lusaka's first voluntary HIV te...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(95)90005-5
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of low dose chloroquine, characteristic pattern of relapse and the relapse rate in vivax malaria after high dose primaquine were investigated in 167 Thai patients. 87 patients were allocated at random to receive 300 mg, and 80 received 450 mg of chloroquine on the first day of admission. All patients in b...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study intended to implement a novel intervention strategy, in Brazil, using an ecohealth approach and analyse its effectiveness and costs in reducing Aedes aegypti vector density as well as its acceptance, feasibility and sustainability. The intervention was conducted from 2012 to 2013 in the municipali...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru187
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) identify different populations of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with only some degree of overlap. In an urban slum in Bangladesh, we conducted a prospective cohort study on children assessed as being severely malnourished ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trt018
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(76)90088-2
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gross haematuria caused by lymphatic filariasis has been rarely reported. An adult woman living in a filarial-endemic area presented at a hospital in Orissa, India, in July 2004, with painless gross haematuria without any associated symptoms, such as dysuria, abdominal pain and fever. Urine microscopy revealed many er...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.008
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vector potential of Culicoides variipennis for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was investigated. Insects from a colony maintained at the Animal Virus Research Institute, Pirbright, were fed through a membrane on a mixture of mouse blood and RVFV (virus concentration of blood meal 7 X 95 log10 MLD50ml). Engorged ins...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(82)90216-4
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum and urinary RNase activity was determined in 15 normal children and in 52 children in various clinical stages of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. The activity of serum RNase was compared with that of serum GOT, GPT and AP. The activity of serum and urinary RNase in the different schistosomal groups was significant...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(78)90018-4
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In helminthology, the mean number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) is a commonly used indicator for the severity of the infection in a population. The example presented here shows that, in my opinion, mean EPG (either calculated as arithmetic or geometric means) is not the best way to evaluate the impact of control me...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.008
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Man-biting collections were made for 7 consecutive nights per month for 24 months at 2 sites in a Thai village regularly treated with DDT and fenitrothion yet hyperendemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Only Anopheles dirus was incriminated as a vector: 1.6% were infective and 2.4% were infected (median numbe...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90367-n
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leprosy type 1 reactions (T1R) are immune-mediated events with inflammation of peripheral nerves and skin. We report the clinical outcomes of a closely monitored open prospective trial in which eight Nepali and 33 Ethiopian patients with T1Rs were treated with an Indian generic formulation of ciclosporin (Cn; 5-7.5 mg...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.11.010
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91032-x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous leishmaniasis was detected in 4 of 117 feral dogs, none of which presented any evidence of visceral involvement, in the Al-Hassa area of Saudi Arabia where neither Leishmania infantum nor L. tropica are transmitted. The parasites isolated from 3 of the animals were identified by biochemical techniques as L. ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(87)90353-1
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin disease is among the most frequent causes of morbidity in Ethiopia, showing high prevalence in the general population and being the sixth most frequent cause of outpatient visits nationwide to health facilities. This study was aimed at describing skin disease patterns in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia through a...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.028
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:HIV-associated TB is a serious public health problem in Myanmar. Study objectives were to describe national scale-up of collaborative activities to reduce the double burden of TB and HIV from 2005 to 2016 and to describe TB treatment outcomes of individuals registered with HIV-associated TB in 2015 in the Ma...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx073
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six villages in Lofa County, north-west Liberia, and one near the coast were surveyed for the presence of indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) to Lassa virus (LV). Prevalences were similar among males and females, and among various age groups. The prevalence of IFA positive sera, 6.4%, in two roadside villages was si...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(84)90013-0
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Vietnamese child presented with a history of abdominal pain. Shortly afterwards, he vomited eight live trematode flukes that were collected and morphologically identified as Fasciolopsis buski. The identification was confirmed by DNA analysis. Adult worms of F. buski from humans are very rarely seen except at autops...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(03)00022-1
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(86)90318-4
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) as a cause of diarrhoea in eastern Indonesia was investigated in 74 children during the dry season in Ujung Pandang. Six of the children less than five years old with diarrhoea were infected with ETEC. One child was infected with tetracycline-resistant bacteria...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(83)90015-9
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured the in vitro response of several isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine. We show that parasites which are resistant to chloroquine also have a reduced sensitivity to quinine. However, there appears to be no correlation between chloroquine resistance and reduced sensit...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(84)90260-8
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several trachoma surveys conducted in sub-Saharan countries showed different geographical distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis. Trichiasis is more common in southern regions. We analysed the role of geoclimatic factors in determining the distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis in Mali. In each regio...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.015
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are being procured and used in increasing numbers. However, the resultant effect of RDT-based diagnosis on fever management has been limited by lack of confidence in RDT results or the inability to act on results appropriately. If the utilisation of malaria RDTs is going to achieve...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.007
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaysian, British and New Zealand soldiers were tested for evidence of infection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi after several weeks' exposure to the infection during field exercises in Malaysia. 39 (5.0%) of 787 British and New Zealand soldiers developed immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) to R. tsutsugamushi to a titre ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(83)90079-2
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoor-resting anopheline mosquitoes were collected from Obuasi, Ghana, and were identified morphologically and by PCR as Anopheles funestus Giles. Wild-caught females were induced to lay eggs. Samples of F1 progeny from each family were divided into cohorts and were either exposed to DDT and permethrin or were stored...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.022
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of haptoglobin polymorphisms on severe malaria occurrence was assessed in 1183 individuals from The Gambia. No significant association was found between severe malaria and either haptoglobin genotypes or phenotypes. The advantages of using a deoxyribonucleic acid-based haptoglobin typing method are discu...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90114-8
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In areas endemic for Plasmodium falciparum, clinical malaria is believed to be less common in infants than in older children, but specific case definitions have rarely been determined for this age group. As malaria case definitions are known to be both age- and site-specific, assessment of the risk of disease in infan...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90902-6
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A coagglutination test using Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1 sensitized with specific antiserum successfully identified Naegleria fowleri in axenic and monoxenic culture by detection of a heat stable antigen released into the culture medium during growth. Strong coagglutination, visible to the naked eye, occurred...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(86)90141-0
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Turkey has a national tuberculosis (TB) control program that follows the standards set by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global TB control program. METHODS:In this record-based retrospective study, contact screening and chemoprophylaxis of 469 TB contacts registered at the Samsun Tuberculosis Dispens...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trz008
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00