Abstract：
:Several trachoma surveys conducted in sub-Saharan countries showed different geographical distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis. Trichiasis is more common in southern regions. We analysed the role of geoclimatic factors in determining the distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis in Mali. In each region a random sample of 30 clusters was examined. The prevalence of active trachoma among children and of trichiasis among women was compared, and geographical, environmental and social risk factors were assessed. Logistic regression models were constructed. Multiple regression analysis was applied and models were used to map the probability of active trachoma and trichiasis. The highest prevalence rates of active trachoma (TF/TI) were found in the northern part of Mali reaching 41.1% among children living north of the 15th parallel. Surprisingly, prevalence rates of trichiasis (TT) among women regularly increased from north to south (1.0% north of the 15th parallel vs. 2.8% south; OR=2.91, 95% CI 2.01-4.24). The two related predictive maps showed a gradient SSE/NNW for TF/TI very different from the gradient NS/SW for TT. These opposite spatial distributions could be explained by differences in the pathogenic agent, the natural history of the disease, population susceptibility, grading process or vulnerable group behaviour.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Schémann JF,Laffly D,Sacko D,Zephak G,Malvy Ddoi
10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-01 00:00:00pages
996-1003issue
10eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503pii
S0035-9203(07)00149-6journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Cicely Williams, in her original description of kwashiorkor, implied that deficiency of protein in the baby's food could be a main cause of the syndrome. The hallmark of kwashiorkor is oedema. According to the 'classical' theory, an inadequate intake of protein leads to a low plasma albumin concentration, which in tur...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90053-1
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosomiasis among pregnant women has been inadequately investigated. In order to determine the importance of Schistosoma mansoni in this subgroup, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 972 women in Tanzania and investigated the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, hookworm and malaria and their associations with ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.024
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro effect of pyrimethamine (PYR) on human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was studied by 14C-thymidine incorporation, by cell counting and by total DNA estimation. PYR in concentrations 10 times high...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90040-4
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ciprofloxacin (20 mg/kg/d) or ofloxacin (12 mg/kg/d) given for a median of 15 weeks (range 12-40) were used for maintenance treatment of 57 adult patients with melioidosis. The median duration of follow-up in the 45 patients who complied with treatment and were followed for at least 6 months was 28 months (range 6-65)...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90044-4
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kidneys were studied by light microscopy in 246 consecutive autopsies in Cairo, Egypt. Glomerulonephritis was not related to the presence or intensity of either S. haematobium or S. mansoni infection, and mesangial thickening and proliferation were also unrelated to schistosome infection. Acute and chronic pyelonephri...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(76)90088-2
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania lainsoni has recently been recognized as a new peripylarian species belonging to the subgenus Viannia and the L. braziliensis complex. It has been isolated from its sandfly vector, reservoir host and cutaneous lesions of human patients. Microscopical examination has shown characteristics which are different...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(95)90509-x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica has been separated in recent years into 2 morphologically identical species: the apathogenic E. dispar and the pathogenic E. histolytica, only the latter being pathogenic. Although various laboratory techniques allow discrimination between the 2 species there is a lack of field data about the sui...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90426-8
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasmosis is an anthropozoonotic disease endemic world-wide, caused by the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Although the course of infection is generally benign, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing fetus and in immunocompromised individuals. Biological diagnosis classically relies upo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90078-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective study of 8 cases of envenoming by Chinese krait (Bungarus multicinctus) and one banded krait (B. fasciatus) in southern Myanmar is reported. Chinese krait bite produced minimal local reactions, except in one person bitten on the lip which resulted in local swelling. Onset of neurotoxic symptoms occurre...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90524-1
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Malawi, where high levels of chloroquine resistance were shown using a modified 7-day in vivo test, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine were evaluated as alternative initial therapies for Plasmodium falciparum infections in children under 5 years old. Therapy success rates, judged by parasite clearance by day...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90005-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum was observed in all 22 isolates established in this laboratory. Gametocytes were produced in variable numbers--up to 3% of red cells--for a limited period of time after which this stage was seen only very sporadically. Complete maturation of microgametocytes in vitro...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(82)90289-9
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of illness and pathology in malaria is now largely attributed to high levels of circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), released from cells of macrophage lineage after triggering by the products of malarial schizogony. The role of lymphocytes and their products in malarial pathology is not yet known. This...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90144-2
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Home-Based Management of Fever/Malaria (HBMF) strategy in rural Uganda was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study. The intervention consisted of volunteers educating mothers and providing a 3-day course of pre-packaged chloroquine plus sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine tablets (HOMAPAK), free of charge, for the treatment...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.005
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between May and September 1982 an extensive epidemic of poliomyelitis occurred in Gazankulu in the north-eastern region of South Africa, with a total of 260 paralysed cases and 42 deaths. A three-part study was instituted, the first of which established the aetiological agent of the epidemic to be poliovirus type 1. T...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90166-4
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 17% efficacy in preventing all-cause mortality in children aged 6-59 months was previously reported from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) carried out in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana from July 1993-June 1995. A follow-up until the end of 2000 found no...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90321-4
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:112 Leishmania isolates, obtained in French Guiana from human lesions, phlebotomine sandflies and wild mammals, were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and L. mexicana amazonensis were found parasitizing different natural hosts. L.b. guyanensis was the dominant species (103 ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90373-8
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new antihookworm compound, C.9333 Go./CGP 4540, was evaluated clinically in 65 adult patients with hookworm infection. Several dosage schedules were evaluated to determine an effective, well tolerated and convenient regime. The lowest effective dose was 125 mg administered at four-hourly intervals for three doses. T...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90017-7
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several parts of Africa because of the increasing prevalence of chloroquine resistance. However, chloroquine was a highly effective treatment for malaria not only because of its ability to kill parasites quickly but also ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90962-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinea imbricata, also known as 'Tokelau', is an uncommon superficial mycosis caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton concentricum. Cutaneous lesions appear characteristically as scaly and concentric rings that may cover all parts of the body. Often acquired in childhood, tinea imbricata is a chronic dis...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.002
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have shown previously that baboons (Papio anubis) develop high levels (greater than 80%) of protection against challenge infection following immunization with Schistosoma haematobium cercariae irradiated with 20 krad. In the present study baboons were immunized with schistosomula irradiated with either 20 krad or 6...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90393-s
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the successful treatment of envenoming by the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) and include results of in vitro investigations of the haemostatic properties of the whole venom. The patient was admitted to casualty soon after the bite with chest tightness, dizziness, nausea and swelling at the site of the bite an...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90427-r
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody to the repetitive domain of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein was measured in blood collected over 3 consecutive months from 224 residents of a hyperendemic focus in Thailand. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay incorporating the protein ([NANP]15 + NVDP)2 was used. More than 22% of adu...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90256-e
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsporidiosis in AIDS patients has emerged as an important cause of morbidity, but diagnosis requires special stains, equipment and expertise. Here we describe a modification to an existing staining technique to allow more rapid preparation, without additional equipment, facilitating research in the tropics into th...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90093-8
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triclabendazole is the drug of choice against Fasciola hepatica infections in humans and animals. However, parasite resistance against triclabendazole is spreading in the veterinary field, and there are no drugs of comparable activity currently available for the treatment and control of fascioliasis. We investigated t...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.07.012
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibody, using the reversed passive haemagglutination inhibition test, was carried out in Saudi Arabia on sera from imported livestock at Jeddah seaport, as well as humans who had contact with imported animals on farms and in quarantine stations. Antibodies were dete...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90014-6
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of levamisole, isoprinosine and Corynebacterium parvum on Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) experimental infection of mice were studied. In prophylactic treatment these drugs reduced the peak of parasitaemia, and had no apparent effect on mortality rate or on histopathological and electrocardiographic findings....
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90268-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To estimate the impact of fish farming operated at household level on nutritional status among children 6-59 months of age, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Zomba district, Malawi. Anthropometric measurements of 66 children in each type of household (fish-farming and non-fish-farming households) and structured...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.028
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) were fed a protein-free diet. Sixteen animals of the same species received a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted patas showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not D-xylose, and 5 out of 6 had a decrease in the exocrine pancreatic function. Animals with reduced folic ac...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(75)90163-7
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An improved enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) was used in the diagnosis of 311 suspected Russell's viper bite cases in Myanmar [Burma], 181 of whom (58%) had systemic envenoming. Russell's viper venom was detected in the sera of 175 (56.3%), cobra or green pit viper venoms in 4 (1.3%), and no venom in the remaining 1...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90464-a
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an increasing need to provide spatial distribution maps of the clinical burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. Recent evidence suggests that risk groups and the clinical spectrum of severe malaria are related to the intensity of P. falciparum transmission. Climate operates to affect the vectorial ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90781-7
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
