Abstract：
:Between May and September 1982 an extensive epidemic of poliomyelitis occurred in Gazankulu in the north-eastern region of South Africa, with a total of 260 paralysed cases and 42 deaths. A three-part study was instituted, the first of which established the aetiological agent of the epidemic to be poliovirus type 1. This was determined initially by serology and later by isolation of the virus, chiefly from stool specimens. The potency of the trivalent oral polio vaccine manufactured at the National Institute for Virology, was evaluated in the second study by in vitro potency testing of samples recalled from the epidemic areas and also in vivo by determining the serological response of seronegative children immunized with fresh vaccine. Nearly half of the vaccine samples withdrawn from the field had sub-optimal titres whereas fresh vaccine produced a very satisfactory serological response. In order to plan immunization rationally, the third study, namely the determination of the immune status of the various populations throughout the country was instituted. This involved both serology, using a neutralization test on randomly collected sera and also an analysis of patient history and health card documentation. With the exception of the urban black area (Soweto), which had high levels of immunity both serologically (75%) and on history, other areas examined had poorer levels of immunity of approximately 52% on serological testing and 57% on history. It is clear that the epidemic was multifactorial in origin, with fall-offs in the level of immunization and evidence of breaks in the cold chain being the major factors.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Johnson S,Schoub BD,McAnerney JM,Gear JS,Moodie JM,Garrity SL,Klaassen KI,Küstner HGdoi
10.1016/0035-9203(84)90166-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
26-31issue
1eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The commercial dot-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Dip-S-Ticks dipstick test was compared with the indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) and Weil-Felix (WF) tests for the diagnosis of scrub typhus, using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) as the reference standard. With a panel of 117 positive and 75 ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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abstract：:Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with a 3-week elimination half-life, which has led to concerns that toxic accumulation may occur during weekly administration for long-term malaria chemoprophylaxis. Despite the endorsement of weekly mefloquine by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Diseas...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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abstract：:Neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus have been studied in 265 persons in Monrovia (Liberia). 34% of the individuals studied possessed antibodies against the three polioviruses, 23% against two, 26% against one; the remaining 17% showed none. The three poliovirus antibodies were evenly distributed amongst the pop...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-eight patients with beri-beri (13 dry, 14 wet and 11 mixed type) were seen at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia, in 1990-1991, with a peak in September-October (25 cases) during the latter half of the rainy season. They were all non-confined residents of urban areas. Overt risk factors were pregna...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90266-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mapping an area at risk of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in Africa has significant implications for their prevention and case treatment, through the targeted development of improved surveillance systems and control policies. Such an area was described using information obtained from published and unpublished r...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A Vietnamese child presented with a history of abdominal pain. Shortly afterwards, he vomited eight live trematode flukes that were collected and morphologically identified as Fasciolopsis buski. The identification was confirmed by DNA analysis. Adult worms of F. buski from humans are very rarely seen except at autops...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosomiasis among pregnant women has been inadequately investigated. In order to determine the importance of Schistosoma mansoni in this subgroup, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 972 women in Tanzania and investigated the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, hookworm and malaria and their associations with ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.024
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Malawi, where high levels of chloroquine resistance were shown using a modified 7-day in vivo test, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine were evaluated as alternative initial therapies for Plasmodium falciparum infections in children under 5 years old. Therapy success rates, judged by parasite clearance by day...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90005-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:National tuberculosis control programmes (NTPs) in sub-Saharan Africa do not routinely record or report treatment outcome data on smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Twelve-month treatment outcome on patients with smear-negative PTB registered in all district and mission hospitals in Malawi during th...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90153-0
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleeping arrangements under long-lasting impregnated nets (LLIN) were recorded in 2467 households during the low malaria transmission season (May-June 2007) and the same families were followed up during the high malaria transmission season (December 2007-January 2008) in two malaria-endemic areas of Sri Lanka. Approxi...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.018
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
