当前位置： SCI文献检索 > TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE期刊下所有文献 > Mortality and loss to follow-up among HAART initiators in rural South Africa.

Mortality and loss to follow-up among HAART initiators in rural South Africa.

Abstract：

:A retrospective cohort study of mortality rates and potential predictors of death was conducted in public-sector patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between October 2005 and September 2007 in a rural, under-resourced region of South Africa. The aims were to determine the relative contribution of death to cohort exit and the causes and predictors of mortality among HAART initiators. A community outreach programme traced non-attenders. Patients categorised as dying at home underwent a verbal autopsy (by interviewing family members) and case-file review, and those dying in hospital a case-file review, to determine the probable cause of death. At 24 months 1131 (83.6%) patients were retained on treatment in the programme, 124 (9.2%) had died, 63 (4.7%) had transferred out, and 35 (2.6%) were lost to follow-up. The most common causes of death were tuberculosis (44.3%) and diarrhoeal diseases (24.5%). Death was the major reason for cohort exit. As experience is gained with rural HAART programmes mortality rates may decrease. These results draw attention to the need for early HIV diagnosis, increased access to HAART services with earlier treatment initiation, and routine screening and aggressive management of opportunistic infections, particularly tuberculosis.

journal_name

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

journal_title

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors

MacPherson P,Moshabela M,Martinson N,Pronyk P

doi

10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.001

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-06-01 00:00:00

pages

588-93

issue

6

eissn

0035-9203

issn

1878-3503

pii

S0035-9203(08)00428-8

journal_volume

103

pub_type

杂志文章

相关文献

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE文献大全
  • Morphometric differentiation of Onchocerca volvulus and O. ochengi infective larvae.

    abstract：:By microinjection of cryopreserved microfilariae (mf) into nulliparous flies, a comparison of the lengths of the infective larvae (L3) of Onchocerca volvulus and O. ochengi from the head of Simulium damnosum s.l. (presumed S. sirbanum) has been made. The suitability of S. sirbanum as a host was similar for both Onchoc...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90443-g

    authors： McCall PJ,Townson H,Trees AJ

    更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

  • A prospective randomized, comparative, open-label trial of the safety and efficacy of paromomycin (aminosidine) plus sodium stibogluconate versus sodium stibogluconate alone for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.

    abstract：:Response to treatment with organic pentavalent antimonials, the standard first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), has been decreasing since their introduction into India. Combining sodium stibogluconate (SB) with paromomycin (PM) may be an efficient alternative to single-agent therapy. This trial was desi...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90130-5

    authors： Thakur CP,Kanyok TP,Pandey AK,Sinha GP,Zaniewski AE,Houlihan HH,Olliaro P

    更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

  • Proteinase inhibitors as antileishmanial agents.

    abstract：:Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigote proteinase activity was largely inhibited by low concentrations of leupeptin, antipain and two epoxysuccinates, compounds known to affect cysteine proteinases. Of these inhibitors, only two had leishmanicidal activity. trans-Dicyclohexylepoxysuccinate at 10 microgram/ml inhibite...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(82)90236-x

    authors： Coombs GH,Hart DT,Capaldo J

    更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bleomycin-induced life prolongation of mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei EATRO 110.

    abstract：:The antitumour antibiotic bleomycin, supplied as commercial BlenoxaneR (a mixture of bleomycinic acids), at 7 or 14 mg/kg prolonged life greater than 30 days beyond death of controls without relapse or sign of trypanosomes in the peripheral blood of mice infected with Trypanosoma b. brucei EATRO 110. Control mice died...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(81)90101-2

    authors： Nathan HC,Bacchi CJ,Sakai TT,Rescigno D,Stumpf D,Hutner SH

    更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Amino-acid and glucose utilization of Leishmania donovani and L. braziliensis.

    abstract：:The availability of a defined medium (STEIGER & STEIGER, 1976) has enabled studies on the nutritional requirements of promastigotes of L. donovani and L. braziliensis (STEIGER & STEIGER, 1977). As outlined elsewhere (STEIGER & MESHNICK, 1977), the present paper describes preliminary experiments dealing with the utiliz...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90049-9

    authors： Steiger RF,Meshnick SR

    更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

  • The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa.

    abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed health system weaknesses of economically wealthy countries with advanced technologies. COVID-19 is now moving fast across Africa where small outbreaks have been reported so far. There is a concern that with the winter transmission will grow rapidly. Despite efforts of African Governme...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/trstmh/traa073

    authors： Vilakati PN,Villa S,Alagna R,Khumalo B,Tshuma S,Quaresima V,Nieman NR,Cirillo DM,Raviglione MC

    更新日期：2020-10-05 00:00:00

  • Is mid-upper arm circumference alone sufficient for deciding admission to a nutritional programme for childhood severe acute malnutrition in Bangladesh?

    abstract：OBJECTIVES:Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) identify different populations of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with only some degree of overlap. In an urban slum in Bangladesh, we conducted a prospective cohort study on children assessed as being severely malnourished ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/trstmh/trt018

    authors： Ali E,Zachariah R,Shams Z,Vernaeve L,Alders P,Salio F,Manzi M,Allaouna M,Draguez B,Delchevalerie P,Harries AD

    更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Study of blood pyruvic acid levels in pellagrins with and without neurological manifestations and response to nicotinic acid therapy.

    abstract：:In 25 cases of pellagra and 10 healthy controls, the blood pyruvic acid levels in the fasting stage and after 60 and 90 minutes of glucose load were estimated by the technique of Friedmann & Haugen (1943). The blood pyruvic acid levels after 60 and 90 minutes of glucose load were significantly higher in pellagrins as ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90200-0

    authors： Bedi HK,Bomb BS,Agarwal MP,Bhatnagar LK

    更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

  • Electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae of man.

    abstract：:Cultured stocks of Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba buetschlli and Dientamoeba fragilis were compared with the four Entamoeba histolytical groups already described (SARGEAUNT et al., 1978), by the electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and L...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(79)90219-0

    authors： Sargeaunt PG,Williams JE

    更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sero-epidemiology of rubella in Imo State of Nigeria.

    abstract：:931 serum samples collected at random from healthy subjects in the four health zones of Imo State were analysed for the presence of rubella haemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Rubella antibodies were present in 625 of the samples giving a prevalence of 66.6%. There was a gradual increase in the prevalence of thes...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(85)90114-2

    authors： Gomwalk NE,Ezeronye OU

    更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • Maggot infestation (myiasis) of external fixation pin sites in diabetic patients.

    abstract：:Diabetic patients, and especially elderly patients in a low-nutritional or immunocompromised state, are prone to a variety of opportunistic infections. 'Myiasis' is a term that refers to non-iatrogenic infestation of tissues by larvae, commonly known as maggots, of dipterous flies. Myiasis as a complication of fractur...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.011

    authors： Verettas DA,Chatzipapas CN,Drosos GI,Xarchas KC,Staikos C,Chloropoulou P,Kazakos KI,Ververidis A

    更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Herbal toxicity in Zimbabwe.

    abstract：:Indigenous natural drugs are in common use in Zimbabwe because modern life-saving drugs are beyond the reach of nearly 85% of the population. These natural drugs have caused a number of poisoning cases. In a study of the records of four hospitals from 1971 to 1982, carried out to see how many people had been poisoned ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90339-1

    authors： Nyazema NZ

    更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunization of baboons with attenuated schistosomula of Schistosoma haematobium: levels of protection induced by immunization with larvae irradiated with 20 and 60 krad.

    abstract：:We have shown previously that baboons (Papio anubis) develop high levels (greater than 80%) of protection against challenge infection following immunization with Schistosoma haematobium cercariae irradiated with 20 krad. In the present study baboons were immunized with schistosomula irradiated with either 20 krad or 6...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90393-s

    authors： Harrison RA,Bickle QD,Kiare S,James ER,Andrews BJ,Sturrock RF,Taylor MG,Webbe G

    更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • High prevalence of toxinogenic Clostridium difficile in Nigerian adult HIV patients.

    abstract：:Clostridium difficile is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of nosocomial and HIV-related diarrhea. In many developing countries, antibiotic access is unregulated. Nigeria has the third highest HIV burden worldwide. Due to perceptions of low prevalence and resource incapacity, patients with diarrhea are not ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.07.014

    authors： Onwueme K,Fadairo Y,Idoko L,Onuh J,Alao O,Agaba P,Lawson L,Ukomadu C,Idoko J

    更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • The epidemiology of myelopathy associated with human T-lymphotropic virus 1.

    abstract：:A progressive spastic myelopathy is one of the principal manifestations of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Recent research is reviewed on the geography and epidemiology of this specific form of tropical spastic paraparesis. First recognized in the Caribbean, Colombia and Japan, it is now also confirmed as ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90467-5

    authors： Montgomery RD

    更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise electrocardiogram tests in manual workers with and without antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi: a population-based study.

    abstract：:Blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiographic responses to exercise were compared in a group of 125 subjects with antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and in 153 seronegative subjects, randomly selected from persons with no evidence of heart disease in a resting electrocardiogram during a cross-sectional survey among...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90081-o

    authors： Zicker F,Zicker EM,Oliveira JJ,Netto JC,Oliveira RM,Smith PG

    更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

  • Arboviral causes of non-specific fever and myalgia in a fever hospital patient population in Cairo, Egypt.

    abstract：:Fever and myalgia are non-specific clinical manifestations of illness which commonly occur in patients with arboviral disease. In Egypt, such illness is often mis-diagnosed as "influenza". To determine arboviral aetiology in patients admitted with fever and myalgia, acute and convalescent sera samples were obtained fr...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90378-6

    authors： Darwish MA,Feinsod FM,Scott RM,Ksiazek TG,Botros BA,Farrag IH,el Said S

    更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. VI. Village serological surveys for evidence of Lassa virus activity in Lofa County, Liberia.

    abstract：:Six villages in Lofa County, north-west Liberia, and one near the coast were surveyed for the presence of indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) to Lassa virus (LV). Prevalences were similar among males and females, and among various age groups. The prevalence of IFA positive sera, 6.4%, in two roadside villages was si...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90013-0

    authors： Yalley-Ogunro JE,Frame JD,Hanson AP

    更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of gambiense sleeping sickness in the Sudan with oral DFMO (DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase; first field trial.

    abstract：:Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific, irreversible inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis shown to be curative in animal models inoculated with various Trypanosoma spp., was evaluated in the Southern Sudan in a preliminary open clinical field trial in patients infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 20 patients...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(85)90195-6

    authors： Van Nieuwenhove S,Schechter PJ,Declercq J,Boné G,Burke J,Sjoerdsma A

    更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following steroid therapy for eosinophilia: report of three cases.

    abstract：:Three apparently immunocompetent patients died in the intensive care unit at Loni Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, between 2001 and 2006 due to multiorgan failure and Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following a short course of corticosteroid (prednisolone) therapy of 6-17 days for peripheral blood eosin...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.021

    authors： Ghosh K,Ghosh K

    更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of Cryptosporidium subtype isolates from HIV-seropositive patients in Equatorial Guinea.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric parasites that infect humans and animals. In immunocompromised patients infection can be fatal. This study was conducted to identify sub-populations of Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum isolates from HIV-seropositive patients in Equatorial Guinea. METHODS:In a previous s...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/trstmh/tru108

    authors： Blanco MA,Montoya A,Iborra A,Fuentes I

    更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • Dynamics of malaria parasitaemia associated with febrile illness in children from a rural area of Madang, Papua New Guinea.

    abstract：:Active community and self-reporting surveillance techniques have been used to describe the dynamics of febrile illness and associated malaria infection in children aged 2 to 15 years from a rural area of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Both history of fever and fever in association with parasitaemia appeared ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(94)90292-5

    authors： Cox MJ,Kum DE,Tavul L,Narara A,Raiko A,Baisor M,Alpers MP,Medley GF,Day KP

    更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

  • Sampling and storage of blood and the detection of malaria parasites by polymerase chain reaction.

    abstract：:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is now widely used in malaria research for analysis of field samples. However, little has been reported regarding loss of sensitivity due to field methodology. Therefore, studies were carried out in relation to blood sampling (anticoagulants, culture medium, filter paper), storage (temp...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90177-3

    authors： Färnert A,Arez AP,Correia AT,Björkman A,Snounou G,do Rosário V

    更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • The activities of urinary alpha-esterases in bilharziasis and their possible role in the diagnosis of bilharzial bladder cancer in Egypt.

    abstract：:The activities of serum and urinary alpha-esterases were studied in 49 bilharzial bladder cancer patients, 92 bilharzial patients with other, different, urologic diseases and 22 normal healthy controls. Among the group studied, the bilharzial bladder cancer patients showed the highest level of urinary-alpha-esterases ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(78)90176-1

    authors： el-Sewedy SM,Arafa A,Abdel-Aal G,Mostafa MH

    更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

  • The relationship between anaemia and malaria: apparently simple, yet controversial.

    abstract：:Among many other factors, malaria plays a major causative role of anaemia globally. The mechanisms leading to anaemia in the course of malaria are extremely diverse, involving immunological factors that act differently according to age and malaria epidemiology. The malaria-attributable fraction of anaemia may then dif...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/trstmh/tru012

    authors： Castelli F,Sulis G,Caligaris S

    更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Medicinal plants and Malaria: an historical case study of research at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the twentieth century.

    abstract：:Interest in medicinal plants has increased in recent years. This article examines the history of medicinal plant research through a case study of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) over the past 100 years. Papers published by members of the School and documents in the School archives show a flu...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.11.017

    authors： Taylor S,Berridge V

    更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

  • Rotavirus infection in wild marsupials (Didelphis marsupialis) of the Amazon region.

    abstract：:Rotavirus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in faecal specimens collected from two (1.35%) of 148 marsupials trapped in the Amazon jungle environment. The positive samples were both from the "common opossum", Didelphis marsupialis. No infections were found in the stools of 198 animals belonging to othe...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90186-0

    authors： Linhares AC,Pereira JD,Nakauth CM,Gabbay YB

    更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987.

    abstract：:A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introducti...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90518-x

    authors： Nasidi A,Monath TP,DeCock K,Tomori O,Cordellier R,Olaleye OD,Harry TO,Adeniyi JA,Sorungbe AO,Ajose-Coker AO

    更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

  • Problems of chemotherapy in multiply-infected AIDS patients.

    abstract：:Potential multiple opportunistic infections in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cause the clinician considerable problems. Firstly there is the problem of the correct diagnosis of which organism is producing symptoms and there is the possibility of more than one organism being responsible. ...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90452-k

    authors： Gazzard BG

    更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from the Republic of the Philippines.

    abstract：:A total of 33, 274 mosquitoes was collected from Tagudin, Ilocos Sur Province, Philippines during July 1977. Isolates made from one pool of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and one pool of C. vishnui were identified as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by a micro-neutralization test using reference hyperimmune mouse ascitic fl...

    journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1016/0035-9203(80)90083-8

    authors： Trosper JH,Ksiazek TG,Cross JH

    更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00