Abstract:
:The brains of 70 fatal cases with AIDS were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization in a consecutive autopsy series (1985-July 1992). In addition, the neuropathological changes were correlated with the neurological and neuroimaging findings. Opportunistic infections included toxoplasmosis (15 cases), cytomegalovirus (CMV)-encephalitis (6), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (2) and fungal infections (3). Malignant lymphomas were found in 7 patients; 6 involved primarily the CNS, one was metastatic. In 14 cases the neuropathological changes were consistent with HIV encephalitis and HIV leucoencephalopathy. Non-specific lesions occurred in 31 cases. The clinical diagnosis in patients with opportunistic diseases (n = 27) diverged in 15 cases (55%) from the underlying pathology. Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and JC viruses were identified by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization on serial paraffin sections. In addition, antibodies against lymphocyte subsets, tissue macrophages, the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein were used to characterize the phenotype of cells and to highlight the degree of gliosis and demyelination. Our results show that the distribution and degree of morphological changes might be helpful for the differential diagnosis antemortem. Since neurological complications may represent the first or sole manifestation of AIDS and risk factors for AIDS are often not known, it should be taken into account that CNS manifestations of AIDS may contribute to a sudden and unexpected death or accident. Opportunistic diseases should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in cases mimicking the clinical picture of apoplexia or dementia. Furthermore, CNS lesions may be detected postmortem in patients who were not known to suffer from Neuro-Aids during life, indicating that CNS involvement is more widespread than assumed.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Neuen-Jacob E,Figge C,Arendt G,Wendtland B,Jacob B,Wechsler Wdoi
10.1007/BF01222119subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
339-50issue
6eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A block of an injury instrument will be left in wounds sometimes, and the suspect instrument can be discriminated by comparison with the block that was left through elemental analysis. In this study, three brands (Shibazi, Zhangxiaoquan, Qiaoxifu) of kitchen knives with forged, chop, and slice application series were ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0829-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The measurement of mast cell tryptase is commonly used to support the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. In the post-mortem setting, the literature recommends sampling from peripheral blood sources (femoral blood) but does not specify the exact sampling technique. Sampling techniques vary between pathologists, and it...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1738-8
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An obese man (height, 178 cm; weight, 160 kg; body mass index, 50.5 kg/m2) with a history of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT), cardiomyopathy, coronary sclerosis, and insulin-resistant diabetes suffered a right femur fracture in a vehicular accident. His fracture was repaired the following day, but shortly after...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1392-6
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood species identification is an important challenge in forensic science. Conventional methods used for blood species analysis are destructive and associated with time-consuming sample preparation steps. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is known for its nondestructive properties and fast results. This r...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1500-7
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case concerns the sudden death of a 21-year-old male during a soccer game. The autopsy revealed large, calcified saccular aneurysms at the origins of both the left anterior descending and the right coronary arteries. Histologically, the wall of the aneurysms was thin and composed of an internal fibro-calcified lay...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050213
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current analysis of forensic DNA stains relies on the probabilistic interpretation of bulk-processed samples that represent mixed profiles consisting of an unknown number of potentially partial representations of each contributor. Single-cell methods, in contrast, offer a solution to the forensic DNA mixture problem b...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02503-4
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The yaw angle in flight of high velocity bullets has been discussed for a number of years, due to its contribution to the tumbling of the bullet in the target. Since few unclassified reports of contemporary bullets are available, we investigated the yaw angles of the bullets used in the M16A2, G3, AK-47 and AK-74 rifl...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01225601
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We investigated the incidence and distribution of post-mortem gas detected with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to identify factors that could distinguish artifactual gas from cardiac air embolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS:MDCT data of 119 cadavers were retrospectively examined. Gas was semiquantitatively...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0542-5
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to increase the validity of age estimation in adolescents and young adults when there is no legitimation for X-ray examinations, it seems desirable to be able to assess the mineralization of third molars using X-ray-free imaging procedures. In the present study, the mineralization stages of lower third molars...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-015-1238-7
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrates post-mortem autolytic alterations in the skin at cellular and subcellular levels and identifies parameters which may assist in determining the time of death in the first few hours post-mortem. Serial skin samples from the ventral surface of the arm were taken at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 h af...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01225600
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 49-year-old white male was found lying unconscious at home. He had vomited, his mouth was filled with a white foam and a pungent odour filled the room. After emergency treatment blood, urine and stomach contents were screened for drugs after acid and alkaline extraction with subsequent derivatisation and GC-MS analy...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050080
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main criteria used in dental age estimation in living young individuals are mineralisation and eruption of the third molars. In order to further diversify the spectrum of characteristics after completion of third molar development, tests were undertaken to determine whether the characteristics studied by Gustafson...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0701-y
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about what bereaved parents feel about the autopsy performed on their child. A multi-centre case control study of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims was carried out in Germany between 1998 and 2001, in which all infants had been autopsied. We performed a follow-up study 4-7 years after the par...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00414-006-0100-3
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forensic age estimation of living individuals has become increasingly important in forensic practice with the constant increase of migration movements to developed countries. The method of Greulich and Pyle is one of the most frequently used methods for age determination. The aim of our study was to verify the reliabi...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1028-7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assistance provided by specialised healthcare personnel to victims of a sexual violence cannot focus just on the clinical intervention appropriate for the lesions suffered by the patient, but must also take legal and forensic needs into account. Anamnestic data represents a crucial step towards the finding of fore...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1602-x
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Results section. The correct equation from the cubic regression analysis for male is: Age = 14.408 + 0.475X-0.064X2 + 0.005X3, and for the female is: 18.196-1.637X + 0.204X2-0.005X3. The error doesn't affect the main conclusion. ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1751-y
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this casuistry, two accidents from Germany and Switzerland are presented that happened during the shot of recoilless anti-tank weapons. In both cases, the injuries led to the death of two soldiers: A 22-year-old soldier in Germany was struck by the counter mass of a so-called Davis gun which had been fired by a com...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02301-4
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a simultaneous study of the VWA STR locus by the Perkin-Elmer Profiler Plus kit and the Promega GenePrint CTTv kit in a population sample from North Portugal and in 418 meiosis from family material and paternity cases. PCR amplification and genotyping were performed according to the manufacturer's instructio...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140100215
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression analyses based on messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling require accurate data normalisation. When using endogenous reference genes, these have to be validated carefully. Therefore, we examined the transcript stability of 10 potential reference genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: beta...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0433-9
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatal head trauma (FHT) represents one of the most frequent causes of death diagnosed in forensic pathology. However, profound statistic autopsy data on FHT is still sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the circumstances and injury patterns of FHT with particular focus on age and sex, and ad...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02187-x
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The name of an author was misspelled. The correct spelling is "Linlin Gao" instead of Linin Gao. ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02342-9
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the forensic anthropology practice, bone diseases are rarely considered for personal identification. In this paper, we present a forensic skeletonized case with tuberculous bone lesions, for which bone pathology may provide an indicator for positive personal identification. Antemortem hospital records were availabl...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02348-3
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequency distributions for 15 tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) loci were determined using the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler Plus™ PCR amplification kit. There was little evidence of departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or association of alleles of different loci in the population samples. The probability of ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0898-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In sauna-associated deaths, the vitality of heat exposure is of great importance. Two case reports address this. First, we present the case of a 77-year-old man who was found dead in the sauna of his family home. When found, the sauna door was closed, and the sauna indicated a temperature of 78 °C. The body had alread...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02504-3
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a multifactorial syndrome and assumingly, among other mechanisms, a deficit in respiratory control leads to a failure of arousal and autoresuscitation when the child is challenged by a stressful homeostatic event, e.g., hypoxia. We hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms involved ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-015-1232-0
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scope of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the eventual consequences of amniotic fluid aspiration (AFA) in cases of sudden infant death. Cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS; n = 113: 39 females, 74 males; mean age 4.6 months) were compared to a control group of 39 cases of explained death (14 fe...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0384-1
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species identification from hair has been performed in the past by several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Despite the great promise of mass spectrometry herein, the repetitive glycine stretches and the evolutionary conserved sequences of keratins make the results from c...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1008-y
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies at the short tandem repeat (STR) loci HumACTBP2 and HumVWA were determined in 118 unrelated individuals from Northern Italy (Milan area). For locus HumACTBP2 (SE33) a total of 39 alleles was observed. Furthermore, two interalleles (N18m+N19m) and one allele (> N35) were found which were not observed...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050090
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single gunshot (or multiple) does (do) not necessarily lead to immediate loss of consciousness or rapid neurological deficits, so the victim may be able to repeatedly pull the trigger before achieving the lethal effect. Despite multiple gunshot wounds can lead to the suspicious participation of other person to the d...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02085-2
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case report of a 25-year-old man who committed suicide by intravenous injection himself of an aqueous home-made castor bean extract is presented. The patient was hospitalized and treated symptomatically and was released at its own request fourth day after intoxication. The next day, the patient's condition deteriora...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02340-x
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00