Abstract：
:Stable cooperation requires that each party's pay-offs exceed those available through individual action. The present experimental study on brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) investigated if decisions about cooperation are (a) guided by the amount of competition expected to follow the cooperation, and (b) made instantaneously or only after a period of familiarization. Pairs of adult monkeys were presented with a mutualistic cooperative task with variable opportunities for resource monopolization (clumped versus dispersed rewards), and partner relationships (kin versus nonkin). After pre-training, each pair of monkeys (N=11) was subjected to six tests, consisting of 15 2 min trials each, with rewards available to both parties. Clumped reward distribution had an immediate negative effect on cooperation: this effect was visible right from the start, and remained visible even if clumped trials alternated with dispersed trials. The drop in cooperation was far more dramatic for nonkin than kin, which was explained by the tendency of dominant nonkin to claim more than half of the rewards under the clumped condition. The immediacy of responses suggests a decision-making process based on predicted outcome of cooperation. Decisions about cooperation thus take into account both the opportunity for and the likelihood of subsequent competition over the spoils.
journal_name
Neuropsychologiajournal_title
Neuropsychologiaauthors
de Waal FB,Davis JMdoi
10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00152-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
221-8issue
2eissn
0028-3932issn
1873-3514pii
S0028393202001525journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA文献大全abstract：:Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder primarily affecting the nigrostriatal dopamine system, exhibit deficits in selecting task-relevant stimuli in the presence of irrelevant stimuli, such as in visual search tasks. However, results from previous studies suggest that these deficits may vary a...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.037
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body ownership for an artificial hand and the perceived position of one's own hand can be manipulated in the so-called rubber hand illusion. To induce this illusion, typically an artificial hand is placed next to the participant's body and stroked in synchrony with the real hand, which is hidden from view. Our first a...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.028
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basic deficits underlying the severe and persistent reading difficulties in dyslexia are still highly debated. One of the major topics of debate is whether these deficits are language specific, or affect both verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Recently, Ahissar and colleagues proposed the "anchoring-deficit hypothesis...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Number is a complex category, as with the word "number" we may refer to different entities. First, it is a perceptual property that characterizes any set of individual items, namely its cardinality. The ability to extract the (approximate) cardinality of sets is almost universal in the animal domain and present in hum...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.025
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a patient with selective left hemispheric medial and lateral temporal lobe damage is described. The patient was of slightly supra-average intelligence and had no problems in normal memory functions, but was severely anomic with respect to people's names. One month post-onset, this deficit held for names of...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00120-0
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study used fMRI to longitudinally assess the impact of intensive remedial instruction on cortical activation among 5th grade poor readers during a sentence comprehension task. The children were tested at three time points: prior to remediation, after 100 h of intensive instruction, and 1 year after the instructio...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.012
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lines of fish, Girardinus falcatus preferentially turning rightward (RD) or leftward (LD) when facing a dummy predator visible behind a barrier have been obtained through selective breeding. To check whether lateralization was maintained in other behavioral responses, five different tests were carried out. They compri...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00034-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers the neuropsychologist a 'virtual lesion' method of investigating the effects of cortical dysfunction. Classical neuropsychology relies on patients with irreversible, and often diffuse brain lesions and these factors place limitations on the inferences that can be drawn ab...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty-three patients with unilateral temporal- or right frontal-lobe excision and 12 normal control (NC) subjects read words, sentences and stories presented at slow, normal or fast reading rates. No group differences were noted for the number of errors committed when reading single words or sentences. The left tempor...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3932(91)90015-z
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Stroop is a classical paradigm that presumably involves the inhibition of automatic responses and is frequently used to assess the frontal lobe functions. We investigated the effect of discrete prefrontal lesions in a Stroop task. A sample of 32 patients with frontal lesions were matched with normal controls by se...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3932(94)00116-7
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multivariate techniques have used data from hand preference questionnaires to group hand preference items, but no attempt has been made to date to use multivariate analyses to group individuals in terms of handedness groups. This study analyzed the responses of 645 subjects on the Waterloo 60-item handedness questionn...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3932(92)90110-8
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The issue of where in the human cortex coding of sound location is represented still is a matter of debate. It is unclear whether there are cortical areas that are specifically activated depending on the location of sound. Are identical or distinct cortical areas in one hemisphere involved in processing of sounds from...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.021
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ignoring irrelevant information becomes more difficult with increasing age. The present cross-sectional study addressed this issue by investigating age-related differences in the ability to withhold a response to non-target stimuli. Fourteen young (20-34 years) and 14 elderly (60-80 years) participants performed two g...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.018
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although imaging studies have indicated that the fusiform gyrus is important in tasks of picture naming, whether this region encodes an object's structure or its meaning is not clear. We used positron emission tomography to examine cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in response to a picture naming task that varied on t...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00083-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual hallucinations are a psychotic symptom present in numerous clinical conditions such as eye disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, neurodegenerative disorders and psychosis. Alteration of low level visual processing is a common feature in these clinical conditions, and various stages of processing from the retina to v...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.002
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between lateral eye movement directionality and type of cognitive task was investigated in a single blind subject with septo-optic dysplasia. Results from an 80-item test showed that rightward eye movements were significantly associated with verbal tasks and leftward eye movements with spatial tasks. ...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3932(85)90109-5
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research on memory and schizophrenia has relied on a limited number of global memory measures instead of a comprehensive assessment of various memory components. In addition, little effort has been directed at examining memory functioning in patients with early-onset schizophrenia. Published research often la...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00043-3
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of the duration of the stimulus on the reading performance of right-brain-damaged patients with left neglect dyslexia. Three Italian patients read aloud words and nonwords, under conditions of unlimited time of stimulus exposure and of timed presentation. In the untimed condi...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.009
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct access model of hemispheric asymmetry was tested in a letter reflection (normal of reflected) judgement task. In the baseline condition letters were presented in their upright orientation, and reaction times were faster to letters presented in the right visual field than to those presented in the left visua...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3932(88)90037-1
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (compulsive hair-pulling) share overlapping co-morbidity, familial transmission, and phenomenology. However, the extent to which these disorders share a common cognitive phenotype has yet to be elucidated using patients without confounding co-morbiditi...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.016
更新日期：2007-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have claimed that hemispheric processing is split precisely at the foveal midline and so place great emphasis on the precise location at which words are fixated. These claims are based on experiments in which a variety of fixation procedures were used to ensure fixation accuracy but the effectiveness of t...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.014
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Theories of morphological processing differ on the issue of how lexical and grammatical information are stored and accessed. A key point of contention is whether complex forms are decomposed during recognition (e.g., establish+ment), compared to forms that cannot be analyzed into constituent morphemes (e.g., apartment...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.027
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have found that the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, displays a larger left hemimouth during production of fear expressions, with or without vocalization, and a larger right hemimouth when producing a social contact call. Thus, marmosets have right hemisphere specialization for the production of negative emotio...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00037-2
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voluntary actions are often accompanied by a conscious experience of intention. The content of this experience, and its neural basis, remain controversial. On one view, the mind just retrospectively ascribes intentions to explain the occurrence of actions that lack obvious triggering stimuli. Here, we use EEG frequenc...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.032
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although across-test intra-individual variability (IIV), or dispersion, has been shown to be a valuable marker of neurological health in a variety of clinical samples, IIV has not been well examined in the context of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In the present study, we examined measures of IIV in military Vete...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.026
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most neuropsychological assessments of episodic memory bear little similarity to the events that patients actually experience as memories in daily life. The first aim of this study was to use a virtual environment to characterize episodic memory profiles in an ecological fashion, which includes memory for central and ...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.013
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficits of semantic cognition in semantic dementia and in aphasia consequent on CVA (stroke) are qualitatively different. Patients with semantic dementia are characterised by progressive degradation of central semantic representations, whereas multimodal semantic deficits in stroke aphasia reflect impairment of execu...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.007
更新日期：2008-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Approaching or looming sounds are salient, potentially threatening stimuli with particular impact on visual processing. The early crossmodal effects by looming sounds (Romei, Murray, Cappe, & Thut, 2009) and their selective impact on visual orientation discrimination (Leo, Romei, Freeman, Ladavas, & Driver, 2011) sugg...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The performance of developmentally dyslexic children and adults was studied upon a range of tasks that involved executive functioning. Both adult and child samples of dyslexics were found to under-perform on the group-embedded figures test. This test required the identification of constituent parts from within complex...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00046-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The right postero-lateral cerebellum participates with the left frontal lobe in the selection and production of words. Using fMRI, we examined whether cerebellar activity switches hemispheres in parallel with recruitment of putative compensatory right homologous frontal regions in post-stroke aphasia. Re-examining the...
journal_title：Neuropsychologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.019
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
