Abstract:
:The nitrovasodilators are a diverse group of pharmacological agents that produce vascular relaxation by releasing nitric oxide. The mechanisms by which these compounds release nitric oxide vary, depending on their chemical structure. Compounds with lower oxidation states of nitrogen such as nitroprusside, nitrosamines, and nitrosothiols release nitric oxide nonenzymatically. In the case of nitroprusside, this involves a one-electron reduction that may occur upon exposure to a variety of reducing agents and tissues such as vascular smooth muscle membranes. In the case of the organic nitrates, which have higher oxidation states of nitrogen, the release of nitric oxide in vascular tissue occurs predominantly by a poorly understood enzymatic process. This interesting property of nitroglycerin is important because it "targets" its effect to vascular tissues that are capable of this enzymatic process. In the case of the coronary circulation, nitroglycerin predominantly dilates the larger coronary arteries while having a minimal effect on coronary resistance vessels < 100 microns in diameter. This prevents the development of coronary steal, which is often encountered with agents that produce intense vasodilation of the coronary resistance vessels. In this review, the mechanisms by which the nitrovasodilators (particularly nitroglycerin) release nitric oxide will be considered, and recent studies of nitroglycerin bioconversion in various-sized coronary vessels will be discussed in detail.
journal_name
Circulationjournal_title
Circulationauthors
Harrison DG,Bates JNdoi
10.1161/01.cir.87.5.1461subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-05-01 00:00:00pages
1461-7issue
5eissn
0009-7322issn
1524-4539journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CIRCULATION文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Early detection of adverse effects of novel therapies and understanding of their mechanisms could improve the safety and efficiency of drug development. We have retrospectively applied large-scale proteomics to blood samples from ILLUMINATE (Investigation of Lipid Level Management to Understand its Impact in...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028213
更新日期:2018-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative and intraoperative variables predictive of left ventricular dysfunction 6 months after aortic valve replacement. Patients were considered to have postoperative left ventricular dysfunction if the end-diastolic-volume index was greater than or equal to 101 ml/m2 or...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Conventional transmitral Doppler indices are unreliable in assessing clinical status in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) because they are affected by loading conditions. This study sought to determine whether tissue Doppler velocities are predictive of adverse clinical outcomes including death...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000124723.16433.31
更新日期:2004-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-term implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used as a bridge to cardiac transplantation and may be used as long-term therapy for end-stage heart failure. After insertion of an LVAD, patients frequently become ambulatory. Sensors contained within these devices can measure th...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Short-term (<30 day) mortality after Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) has declined over the decades, but it is unclear if rates of long-term sequelae after Q-wave MI have improved. METHODS AND RESULTS:In 546 Framingham Heart Study subjects (388 men with a mean age of 60 years; 158 women with a mean age of ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.20.2054
更新日期:1999-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death undergo diurnal variation. Although genes relevant to hemostasis and vascular integrity undergo circadian oscillation, the role of the molecular clock in thrombotic events remains to be established. METHODS AND RESULTS:A diurnal variation in the time to thromb...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739227
更新日期:2008-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few data are available on the impact of heart failure (HF) across all types of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS:The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) is a prospective study of patients hospitalized with ACS. Data from 16 166 patients were analyzed: 13 707 patients without p...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000109691.16944.DA
更新日期:2004-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent advances in surgical techniques for the repair of left ventricular aneurysms (LVAs) include the use of an endoventricular patch to exclude the aneurysm cavity. This technique has replaced conventional linear plication of the aneurysm. The endoventricular patch technique remodels the left ventricular c...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.9.98
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Resetting has been used to characterize reentrant circuits causing clinical tachycardias. METHODS AND RESULTS:To determine the mechanisms of resetting, sustained ventricular tachycardia was induced in dogs with 4-day-old myocardial infarctions by programmed stimulation. Premature stimulation was accomplishe...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.8.1148
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress has been implicated in vascular injury and atherogenesis, and antioxidant treatment has shown favorable results in preclinical studies. Despite this, antioxidant therapy has failed to show benefit in clinical trials. Failure of antioxidants in clinical trials may be partly because such thera...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000128034.70732.C2
更新日期:2004-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Ventricular proarrhythmia hinders pharmacological atrial fibrillation treatment. Modulation of atrium-specific Kir3.x channels, which generate a constitutively active current (I(K,ACh-c)) after atrial remodeling, might circumvent this problem. Howeve...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005019
更新日期:2013-12-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) has been revived and has gained popularity, although the exact subsets of patients who might benefit most from this technique are unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the results of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) in octoge...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The production of left ventricular (LV) restoring forces generated during contraction, which are responsible for diastolic suction, is dependent on end-systolic volume (ESV) and systolic transmural and 3D deformation. We tested the hypothesis that acute coronary occlusion would result in loss of forces that ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.7.2348
更新日期:1997-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term results of 414 patients who underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot between 1967 and 1977 were studied and correlated with the results of others. There were nine late deaths (8-year actuarial survival 95.8%). Six of the deaths wee directly related to the malformation or its treatment. Eight patients (2.4...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.65.2.403
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With recognition of disease-causing genes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, mutation analysis is being applied. METHODS AND RESULTS:The role of genotyping in familial assessment for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was investigated, including the prevalence of mutations in k...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976936
更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purposes of this study were to evaluate the comparative accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography and quantitative rest-redistribution 201Tl tomography in the prediction of recovery of function after revascularization and to assess the relation of contractile reserve to thallium uptake. METHODS AND RESULT...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.3.626
更新日期:1997-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The goal of this study was to assess the clinical value of stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in elderly patients (> or =75 years of age). METHODS AND RESULTS:We followed up 5200 elderly patients (41% exercise) after dual-isotope MPS over 2.8+/-1.7 years (362 cardiac deaths [CDs], 7.0%, 2.6%/y) ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.817387
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is evolving toward bolus administration. Derivatization of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEG) may reduce their clearance. METHODS AND RESULTS:A staphylokinase (SakSTAR) variant with 12 amino acid substitutions to reduce its antigenicity, SakSTAR...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.15.1766
更新日期:2000-10-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical trials have demonstrated that platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists effectively prevent acute thrombotic events. Orally active GP IIb/IIIa antagonists are essential to evaluate the clinical benefit of long-term treatment. We therefore investigated platelet inhibition by the GP IIb/IIIa ant...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.4.1130
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::An experiment was designed to determine optimal methods of myocardial reperfusion after normothermic ischemic arrest in the in vivo pig heart. Four variables were studied: 1) ischemic arrest for 15 minutes repeated six times vs 30 minutes repeated three times: 2) coronary reperfusion between each arrest period lasting...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The vascular remodeling responsible for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves predominantly the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing mesenchymal-like cells in obstructive pulmonary vascular lesions. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) may be a source of those α-smooth muscle a...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008750
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, has been used extensively for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Concern persists, however, that it may seriously depress myocardial function in cardiac patients. To investigate this possibility, 20 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but no heart failure were given intravenous ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.59.2.313
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vasoactive drugs could alter the fluid restitution from the tissue and redistribute blood volume between the macrocirculation and microcirculation. METHODS AND RESULTS:With bolus injections of vasoactive drugs in anesthetized rabbits, we measured the changes in blood and plasma density for the determination...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.509
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently demonstrated that exercise training can induce important hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure due to severe left ventricular dysfunction. This study examines the accompanying changes in submaximal exercise performance and the ventilatory response to exercise in ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.2.324
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diminished glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and large hypercellular congested glomeruli with segmental sclerosis are found in late survivors with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Hyperuricemia is common, acute gouty arthritis is less common than uric acid levels would predict, and overt tophaceous dep...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.3.396
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of propranolol therapy in 3837 men and women with acute myocardial infarction. The patients began their treatment 5-21 days after hospital admission (mean 13.8 days). During an average follow-up of 25 months, ther...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of timolol vs placebo on the frequency of anginal episodes, nitroglycerin consumption and exercise performance was investigated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study in 23 patients with angina pectoris. The optimal dose of timolol (10-30 mg twice daily) for each patient was titrated by exercise stu...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1161/01.cir.61.1.66
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to evaluate dynamic changes in aortic regurgitant (AR) orifice area with the use of calibrated electromagnetic (EM) flowmeters and to validate a color Doppler flow convergence (FC) method for evaluating effective AR orifice area and regurgitant volume. METHODS AND RESULTS:In...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.3.594
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the progression of heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7) is thought to modulate the activity of the RAS. Furthermore, this peptide may play a part in the beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. We assessed the ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000013847.07035.b9
更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Digoxin, in a common clinical dose and at a low serum level, brought out severe manifestations of sinus node dysfunction in a patient who had previously undergone successful mitral valve replacement. This report presents the results of extensive clinical and electrophysiologic studies of this patient before and after ...
journal_title:Circulation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.cir.52.1.162
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00