Measuring vaccine efficacy from epidemics of acute infectious agents.

abstract：:Although population-based molecular association studies are becoming increasingly popular, methodology for the meta-analysis of these studies has been neglected, particularly with regard to two issues: testing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and pooling results in a manner that reflects a biological model of gene ef...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Thakkinstian A,McElduff P,D'Este C,Duffy D,Attia J

更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:For many HIV-infected patients, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in a sustained suppression of plasma viral load to undetectable levels. However, due to lack of antigenic stimulation, this may also result in a gradual loss of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses that help control HIV infection. In concept, ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mogg R,Mehrotra DV

更新日期：2007-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine Goodman and Kruskal's lambda using Efron's approach to regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for zero-one outcome data. For a binary response cross-classified by a single nominal predictor, we present a computationally simple ANOVA table in which lambda is analogous to Pearson's R-square. We character...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Makuch RW,Rosenberg PS,Scott G

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we present a simple method for constructing (1- alpha)100 per cent confidence intervals for binomial proportions with near nominal coverage for all underlying proportion parameters on the unit interval. This new method uses, with a slight modification, the standard normal approximation technique taught i...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Borkowf CB

更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The lifetime risk of a clinical condition is the probability of onset of the condition during one's lifespan. Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research have identified screening tests for biomarkers that can identify persons who are in the earliest stages of the AD process but who do not yet have any clinic...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brookmeyer R,Abdalla N

更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A method has been developed for simultaneously comparing the usefulness of many treatments of established value for symptomatic medical conditions. Medical assessment of outcome is not employed. Instead patients are required to assess treatments prescribed during the course of ordinary general practice rather than und...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Charlton JR,D'Souza MF,Tooley M,Silver R

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesothelioma is a rare cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Belgium has a known long history of asbestos production, resulting in one of the highest mesothelioma mortality rates worldwide. While the production of asbestos has stopped completely, the long latency period of mesothelioma, which can fluctuate between 20...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Petrof O,Neyens T,Nuyts V,Nackaerts K,Nemery B,Faes C

更新日期：2020-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials often assess therapeutic benefit on the basis of an event such as death or the diagnosis of disease. Usually, there are several additional longitudinal measures of clinical status which are collected to be used in the treatment comparison. This paper proposes a simple non-parametric test which combines...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Finkelstein DM,Schoenfeld DA

更新日期：1999-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A new testing approach is described for improving statistical tests of independence in sets of tables stratified on one or more relevant factors in case of categorical (nominal or ordinal) variables. Common tests of independence that exploit the ordinality of one of the variables use a restricted-alternative approach....

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Iannario M,Lang JB

更新日期：2016-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnostic problems in medicine are sometimes polytomous, meaning that the outcome has more than two distinct categories. For example, ovarian tumors can be benign, borderline, primary invasive, or metastatic. Extending the main measure of binary discrimination, the c-statistic or area under the ROC curve, to nominal ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Van Calster B,Van Belle V,Vergouwe Y,Timmerman D,Van Huffel S,Steyerberg EW

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To update the British growth reference, anthropometric data for weight, height, body mass index (weight/height2) and head circumference from 17 distinct surveys representative of England, Scotland and Wales (37,700 children, age range 23 weeks gestation to 23 years) were analysed by maximum penalized likelihood using ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cole TJ,Freeman JV,Preece MA

更新日期：1998-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method for imputing missing outcome data in randomized clinical trials has been much criticized and its shortcomings are well understood. However, only recently have published studies widely started using more appropriate imputation methods. Consequently, meta-ana...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mavridis D,Salanti G,Furukawa TA,Cipriani A,Chaimani A,White IR

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In conventional survival analysis there is an underlying assumption that all study subjects are susceptible to the event. In general, this assumption does not adequately hold when investigating the time to an event other than death. Owing to genetic and/or environmental etiology, study subjects may not be susceptible ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Chen CH,Tsay YC,Wu YC,Horng CF

更新日期：2013-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination in populations can have several kinds of effects. Establishing that vaccination produces population-level effects beyond the direct effects in the vaccinated individuals can have important consequences for public health policy. Formal methods have been developed for study designs and analysis that can esti...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Halloran ME,Hudgens MG

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We estimate a Cox proportional hazards model where one of the covariates measures the level of a subject's cognitive functioning by grading the total score obtained by the subject on the items of a questionnaire. A case study is presented where the sample includes partial respondents, who did not answer some questionn...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lagona F,Zhang Z

更新日期：2010-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes statistical procedures for use in an experiment that compares two handwashing protocols. The evaluation of a handwashing protocol entails collection of the wash effluent. Colony counts for the effluent reflect the number of flora removed by the wash protocol. The analysis aims to formulate and est...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Le CT

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In England and Wales, a large-scale multiple statistical surveillance system for infectious disease outbreaks has been in operation for nearly two decades. This system uses a robust quasi-Poisson regression algorithm to identify abberrances in weekly counts of isolates reported to the Health Protection Agency. In this...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Noufaily A,Enki DG,Farrington P,Garthwaite P,Andrews N,Charlett A

更新日期：2013-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The semi-Markov assumption emphasizes the importance of time spent in a state. In order to compute this type of multistate model, most transition times are always considered to be exactly identified or right censored. However, in the longitudinal analysis of chronic diseases, investigators are often confronted with in...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Foucher Y,Giral M,Soulillou JP,Daures JP

更新日期：2007-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:There are inconsistencies between the formulas for the variance of standardized mean difference (SMD) in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the variance reported in other sources. Instead of the variance appropriate for the SMD of a crossover experiment, the Cochrane Handbook uses the variance appropriat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kitchenham B,Madeyski L

更新日期：2020-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider a latent variable hazard model for clustered survival data where clusters are a random sample from an underlying population. We allow interactions between the random cluster effect and covariates. We use a maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator to estimate the mean hazard ratio parameters. We propose a bootst...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cai J,Zhou H,Davis CE

更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach is commonly used to model incomplete longitudinal binary data. When drop-outs are missing at random through dependence on observed responses (MAR), GEE may give biased parameter estimates in the model for the marginal means. A weighted estimating equations approach g...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Preisser JS,Lohman KK,Rathouz PJ

更新日期：2002-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:It is unclear to what extent the incremental predictive performance of a novel biomarker is impacted by the method used to control for standard predictors. We investigated whether adding a biomarker to a model with a published risk score overestimates its incremental performance as compared to adding it to a multivari...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xanthakis V,Sullivan LM,Vasan RS,Benjamin EJ,Massaro JM,D'Agostino RB Sr,Pencina MJ

更新日期：2014-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials with multiple endpoints incur increased familywise type I errors. The Bonferroni correction is a common method used to modify the p-values to account for multiple significance testing. For independent endpoints the Bonferroni method is slightly conservative whereas with high correlation the conservatis...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： James S

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observational cohort studies often feature longitudinal data subject to irregular observation. Moreover, the timings of observations may be associated with the underlying disease process and must thus be accounted for when analysing the data. This paper suggests that multiple outputation, which consists of repeatedly ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pullenayegum EM

更新日期：2016-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In cancer clinical trials, patients often experience a recurrence of disease prior to the outcome of interest, overall survival. Additionally, for many cancers, there is a cured fraction of the population who will never experience a recurrence. There is often interest in how different covariates affect the probability...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Conlon AS,Taylor JM,Sargent DJ

更新日期：2014-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:It is valuable in many studies to assess both intrarater and interrater agreement. Most measures of intrarater agreement do not adjust for unequal estimates of prevalence between the separate rating occasions for a given rater and measures of interrater agreement typically ignore data from the second set of assessment...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lester Kirchner H,Lemke JH

更新日期：2002-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A mixture model incorporating long-term survivors has been adopted in the field of biostatistics where some individuals may never experience the failure event under study. The surviving fractions may be considered as cured. In most applications, the survival times are assumed to be independent. However, when the survi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yau KK,Ng AS

更新日期：2001-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have formulated the problem of determining whether there has been an upturn in HIV-1 seroconversion incidence over the first five years of follow-up in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) as that of locating the minimum of a quadratic regression or examination of two-knot piecewise spline models. Under a quadr...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zhou SY,Kingsley LA,Taylor JM,Chmiel JS,He DY,Hoover DR

更新日期：1993-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Several relative risk models for survival time data in drug combination therapy are derived and their properties are discussed. The main intention of this paper is to clarify the differences among the models in order to help to choose the appropriate one in a given situation. The models are motivated by discussing the...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kübler J,Schumacher M

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'landmark' and 'Simon and Makuch' non-parametric estimators of the survival function are commonly used to contrast the survival experience of time-dependent treatment groups in applications such as stem cell transplant versus chemotherapy in leukemia. However, the theoretical survival functions corresponding to th...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bernasconi DP,Rebora P,Iacobelli S,Valsecchi MG,Antolini L

更新日期：2016-03-30 00:00:00