Abstract:
:Recent theoretical studies suggest that the earth's ozone layer which filters ultraviolet radiation may be depleted by a fleet of supersonic transports or by continued use of chlorofluoromethanes. It is now generally accepted that short wavelength ultraviolet radiation leads to the development of skin cancer. In this report we demonstrate an approach to estimating the increase in skin cancer incidence associated with increases in skin cancer incidence associated with increases in ultraviolet radiation. The purpose is to demonstrate the logic used and the assumptions that must be made when such estiamtes are made or cited. We emphasize that such estimates should be considered crude until the many assumptions can be investigated. :Evidence exists that short wave ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer. The National Cancer Institute conducted a skin cancer incidence survey and published the results in 1975. The survey showed a 2-3 times higher nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence in all latitudes than had been shown previously. In a theoretical study of carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation, 1 expert has estimated that, if the ozone concentration in the stratosphere were reduced by 10%, the total increase in ultraviolet radiation would be 19% in the middle and 22% in the Equatorial latitudes. Using this formula and the data from the National Cancer Institute survey, a demonstration is made of an approach to estimating the increase in skin cancer which would result from these increased ultraviolet radiation levels. Estimates of the relative effect on skin cancer incidence and mortality by radiation dose increases of 10-30% are tabulated. Increases are greater for nonmelanoma than for melanoma, for men than for women, and for incidence than for mortality.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Fears TR,Scotto J,Schneiderman MAdoi
10.2105/ajph.66.5.461subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-05-01 00:00:00pages
461-4issue
5eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study compared success in smoking cessation by sex, ethnic status, and birth cohort. METHODS:African and European American respondents to the 1996 Current Population Survey (tobacco supplement) and the 1987 National Health Interview Survey (cancer control and cancer epidemiology supplements) constitute...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.6.961
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has begun to dismantle its long-standing socialist health care system and to replace it with a market-based approach. Marketization's advocates maintain that the market will bring efficiency and quality to the Croatian health care system. Nevertheless, data fr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1156
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of cervix and breast cancer screening in a public hospital emergency room. METHODS:Age-eligible women with nonurgent conditions and without recent screening were offered screening by a nurse. A decision analysis compared the costs and outcomes of emergency room scr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.7.1182
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on the capacity of local communities to mobilize for action. Yet the literature offers few systematic investigations of what communities are doing to ensure support for enrollment. In this empirical case study, we report implementation and outcomes of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302505
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This analysis compares the rates of spontaneous abortion among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter with those of women living in a town where blood lead levels were low. Data derive from the obstetric histories of both groups of women obtained while seeking prenatal care for a later pregnancy. A total of 63...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.1.33
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The goal of this project was to develop an interactive CD-ROM for nutrition screening and counseling, designed to produce dietary behavior change in fat and fruit and vegetable intake. METHODS:The design was based on principles of relevance to the learner, readiness for change, feedback, individualization, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.5.781
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the efficacy of a simple, visual cue to increase hand washing with soap and water. Automated towel dispensers in 8 public bathrooms were set to present a towel either with or without activation by users. We set the 2 modes to operate alternately for 10 weeks. Wireless sensors were used to record entry into b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301477
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of recovery from alcohol problems with and without treatment, including whether such recoveries involved abstinence or moderate drinking. METHODS:Data from two surveys of randomly selected adults in the general population were analyzed. Random-digit ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.7.966
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the extent to which time spent watching television is associated with obesity and super-obesity among 6,138 employed adult males. After adjustment for age, smoking status, length of work week, measured physical fitness, and reported weekly hours of exercise, people who viewed TV more than three hours/day ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.516
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) Health Access Project is a unique public-private collaboration working to eliminate barriers to health care for the GLBT community, foster development of comprehensive, culturally appropriate health promotion policies and health care services for GLBT people and their...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.895
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States. METHODS:Urine specimens from 1714 women and 1218 men who participated in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adoles...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.074062
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether multiple psychosocial factors are additive in their relationship to sexual risk behavior and self-reported HIV status (i.e., can be characterized as a syndemic) among young transgender women and the relationship of indicators of social marginalization to psychosocial factors. METHODS:Par...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300433
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the frequency with which alcohol advertisements appeared on Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) transit lines in Boston, MA, and we calculated adult and youths' exposure to the ads. METHODS:We measured the nature and extent of alcohol advertisements on 4 Boston transit lines on...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.149906
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is an example of a medical technology that has been widely accepted since its introduction in the mid-1960s. However, review of the literature does not provide convincing evidence of EFM efficacy, and four recent, controlled, clinical trails show little if any benefit in terms of prev...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.9.931
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We combined social-network analysis and molecular epidemiology to investigate Staphylococcus aureus among drug users. METHODS:From 2003 through 2005, we recruited adult drug users in Brooklyn, New York. Of 501 individuals recruited, 485 participated. Participants were screened for HIV infection and S. aureu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300028
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of Draw the Line/Respect the Line, a theoretically based curriculum designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors among middle school adolescents. METHODS:The randomized controlled trial involved 19 schools in northern California. A cohort of 2829 sixth graders wa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.5.843
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the effects of a comprehensive, multifaceted intervention program to reduce fireworks-related injuries during the Italian New Year's holiday season, active surveillance was conducted in the 18 public emergency rooms of Naples, Italy, before and after implementation of the program. Preintervention data collect...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.1.84
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few data are available on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women. A total of 498 lesbians and bisexual women was sampled from public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, Calif, during 1993. The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2%. Ten percent of participants ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.11.1549
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfiles (1963-80) and the GINI index of resource concentration as a global measure of changes in the pattern of locational choice, the expectation of a more uniform distribution of physicians is shown to have been met for all major categories of physicia...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.638
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subsidized rural clinics and providers have long depended on the rural hospital for the care of some of their patients; the hospital has also been a source of revenue for these providers and programs. We studied a representative national sample of 116 subsidized rural clinics, focusing on the impact on rural clinic co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.7.749
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper models the prevailing political attack on government as a heuristic, a judgmental strategy that simplifies complex phenomena by applying simple tests to a limited set of relevant data. The heuristic of market individualism offers three tools for analyzing the problems of governing: the supremacy of the free...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1607
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined racial/ethnic differences in social support and exposure to violence and transphobia, and explored correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work (THSW). METHODS:A total of 573 THSW who worked or resided in San Francisco or Oakland, California, were ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article reports findings from a peer-delivered intervention designed to increase use of breast and cervical cancer screening. METHODS:Twenty-six worksites were randomly assigned to the intervention or comparison group. The 16-month intervention consisted of group discussions, outreach, and educational ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.4.584
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To compare the flood impacts experienced by Harris County, Texas, hospitals with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood hazard areas and Hurricane Harvey's inundation boundary.Methods. One year following Hurricane Harvey, we created a novel data set of Hurricane Harvey's flood impacts in Harris C...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305520
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality of Connecticut firemen and policemen is studied for the years 1960-78, using death certificate data. The mortality of these two occupations is expected to be greater than that of other workers. Standardized Mortality Odds Ratios for firemen and policemen are greater than 1.00. Al...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.9.1140
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the impact of adoption of a national health program on homeless care in the United States, care for this group in Britain's National Health Service (NHS) was evaluated. Although hospital and medication charges are eliminated, primary care for the homeless lacks central government directive, suffers from over...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.8.1033
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding mental health issues faced by young homeless persons is instrumental to the development of successful targeted interventions. No systematic review of recent published literature on psychopathology in this group has been completed. We conducted a systematic review of published research examining the preva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301318
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Childhood obesity is a critical public health matter associated with numerous pediatric comorbidities. Local-level data are required to monitor obesity and to help administer prevention efforts when and where they are most needed. We hypothesized that samples of children visiting hospital clinics could provide represe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302622
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To inform a prevention strategy, this study determined the prevalence of and attitudes toward smoking among Chinese secondary school students. METHODS:Self-completion questionnaires were administered to 13- to 18-year-olds attending school in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. RESULTS:Of the 6674 respondent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.10.1653
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, advocates for increasing access to medical and oral health care have argued for expanding the scope of practice of dentists and physicians. Although this idea may have merit, significant legal and other barriers stand in the way of allowing dentists to do more primary health care, physicians to do mor...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302654
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00