Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This article reports findings from a peer-delivered intervention designed to increase use of breast and cervical cancer screening. METHODS:Twenty-six worksites were randomly assigned to the intervention or comparison group. The 16-month intervention consisted of group discussions, outreach, and educational campaigns. Data were collected from a random sample of women employees stratified by age (baseline n = 2943; final n = 2747). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention on screening behaviors. RESULTS:Relative to comparison worksites, the intervention group experienced greater increases in the percentage of women who reported a recent mammogram (7.2% vs 5.6%), clinical breast examination (5.8% vs 2.1%), and Papanicolaou (Pap) test (4.7% vs 1.9%). After worksite cluster and age strata were controlled for, the observed increase in Pap tests was significantly greater in the intervention group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.62); however, differences in mammography screening rates (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.44) and clinical breast examination (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.96, 1.49) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:Intervention activities produced a modest increase in cervical cancer screening, but they did not accelerate breast cancer screening rates above the observed secular trend.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Allen JD,Stoddard AM,Mays J,Sorensen Gdoi
10.2105/ajph.91.4.584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
584-90issue
4eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
91pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract::This study considered days missed from work or usual activities for emotional reasons associated with a range of specific psychopathologic disorders, psychosocial distress, and persons found to be asymptomatic. Analyses were performed with the presence or absence of emotional disability days as the dependent variable ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.8.1304
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nauru is a small phosphate-rich independent island country situated in the Central Pacific. The population is Micronesian and was estimated to be 4,680 in mid-1981. An analysis of mortality data for the years 1976-81 indicates a high adult male mortality due to accidents, injuries, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.2.149
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Policymakers, researchers, and citizens are beginning to recognize the need to limit minors' access to tobacco by restricting the sale of cigarettes through vending machines. One policy alternative that has been proposed by the tobacco industry is a requirement that vending machines be fitted with electronic...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.9.1217
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used an agent-based model to examine the impact of the walking school bus (WSB) on children's active travel to school. We identified a synergistic effect of the WSB with other intervention components such as an educational campaign designed to improve attitudes toward active travel to school. Results suggest that t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301896
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series completion and examined predictors of completion among adolescents and young adults in a large family planning network. METHODS:Our retrospective cohort study of vaccine completion within 12 months and time to completion used electronic health record da...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302834
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disability is often considered a health outcome disproportionately experienced by minority groups. It is also possible to view people with disabilities as a minority group that itself experiences health disparities. Calls to reduce these disparities necessitate the inclusion of people with developmental disabilities i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301286
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1976 the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua began a low cost program to deliver simple health services in rural areas through trained traditional birth attendants or "parteras." After two years the program had prepared 768 parteras in a five-day training course. Parteras were equipped with a kit that included oral reh...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.5.514
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study to examine whether individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics were associated with periodontal disease. METHODS:We assessed severe periodontitis with a combination of clinical attachment loss and pocket depth measur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.055277
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the 1980-81 academic year, 249 academic institutions were surveyed concerning professional preparation in patient education. Various degrees of involvement were reported by 39 institutions. Findings indicate that such programs are relatively new, and enrollment in degree programs and courses is limited. Placeme...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.2.180
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the risk of exposure to fentanyl among syringe exchange program (SEP) participants in New York City. METHODS:We recruited a convenience sample from 11 SEPs in New York City between March and June 2017. Consenting participants (n = 434) received a labeled syringe for their next injection. We test...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304694
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the association between 2 dimensions of adults' self-rated health and residential stability in childhood. METHODS:Using data from the nationally representative survey Midlife in the United States, I assessed the impact of neighborhood and family stability on positive perceptions of globa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.1144
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the association between neighborhood convenience stores and diet outcomes for 20 years of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. METHODS:We used dietary data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study years 1985-1986, 1992-1993, and 2005-2006 (n = 3299; ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302435
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women of lower socioeconomic status and women of color in the United States have higher rates of abortion than women of higher socioeconomic status and White women. Opponents of abortion use these statistics to argue that abortion providers are exploiting women of color and low socioeconomic status, and thus, regulati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301339
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effect of chiropractic use on overall health care utilization patterns, the volume and pattern of ambulatory physician visits by elderly persons having contact with chiropractors are compared with those having contact with physicians only. This analysis is based on data representative of the Canadian Pro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.5.553
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence indicates that women in prison are particularly vulnerable to many negative health outcomes, including cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is an effective tool to screen for this disease. To determine what is and is not working with the Pap test and follow-up treatment, we performed qualitati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.063677
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed differences in HIV prevalence and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) between 1997 and 2002 in San Francisco. METHODS:We used 2 population-based random-digit-dial telephone surveys of MSM households in San Francisco in 1997 (n=915) and 2002 (n=879). RESULTS:Estimated HIV ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062851
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Men entering gay bars in three small southern cities were administered questionnaires to assess AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) risk knowledge, perceived norms concerning the social acceptability of AIDS risk precautions, and personal sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent (N = 355) of male patrons completed...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.4.416
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary arteries and aortas obtained at autopsy in six populations were examined microscopically. Two variants of atherosclerosis could be separately quantified by objective morphometry. These two variants, fibroplasia and atheronecrosis, were both found to increase with age and to correlate with each other from one ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.5.575
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight matched men's and women's intercollegiate varsity teams were studied prospectively for one academic year to determine the incidence of athletic injury and resulting disability. Sports in which both men and women participated in a comparable manner were chosen: basketball, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.12.1459
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated dementia incidence rates, life expectancies with and without dementia, and percentage of total life expectancy without dementia. METHODS:We studied 3605 members of Group Health (Seattle, WA) aged 65 years or older who did not have dementia at enrollment to the Adult Changes in Thought study bet...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301935
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using data from a large cohort of adults aged 45 to 84 years-old, we investigated whether availability of recreational resources is related to physical activity levels. METHODS:Data from a multiethnic sample of 2723 adult residents of New York City, NY; Baltimore, Md; and Forsyth County, NC, were linked to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.087734
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify people living with HIV/AIDS from Medicare and Medicaid claims data to estimate Medicaid costs for treating HIV/AIDS in California. We also examined how alternate methods of identifying the relevant sample affect estimates of per capita costs. METHODS:We analyzed data on Californians en...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify circumstances in which biochemical assessments of smoking produce systematically higher or lower estimates of smoking than self-reports. A secondary aim was to evaluate different statistical approaches to analyzing variation in validity estimates. METHODS:Literature...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.7.1086
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An epidemic of morbidity and mortality has swept across the United States related to the use of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain. More than 100,000 people have died from unintentional overdose, making this one of the worst manmade epidemics in history. Much of health care delivery in the United States i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302367
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored an innovative strategy for targeted testing and disease management among immigrant communities at risk for tuberculosis. METHODS:Taxi drivers were recruited at an airport holding lot to undergo tuberculin skin testing (Mantoux). After receiving their test results in a location convenient for the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.019620
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The National AIDS Behavioral Survey (1990-1992) of heterosexual adults (18-49 years) measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors, condom use, and HIV antibody testing, with a focus on major "high-risk" cities. METHODS:A longitudinal survey was conducted. RESULTS:There was little reduction in t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.11.1492
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The year 2017 marks both the 70th anniversary of the Nuremberg Code and the first major revisions of federal research regulations in almost 3 decades. I suggest that the informed consent provisions of the federal research regulations continue to follow the requirements of the Nuremberg Code. However, modifications are...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304103
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six primary care practices which utilize both physician and non-physician practitioner types were studied to measure differences between practitioner types in the care of patients. By chart review 1,369 patient-practitioner encounters were examined. Physicians identified less symptoms and signs in their patients and p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.1.44
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From February through December 2012, we examined responses to health behavior questions integrated into the electronic medical record of primary care centers in the Bronx, New York in the context of New York City Community Health Survey data. We saw a higher proportion of unhealthy behaviors among patients than among ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302326
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine the role of neighborhood poverty and racial composition on race disparities in diabetes prevalence. METHODS:We used data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 2000 US Census to estimate the impact of individual race and poverty and neighborhood racial...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301420
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00