Abstract:
:Nauru is a small phosphate-rich independent island country situated in the Central Pacific. The population is Micronesian and was estimated to be 4,680 in mid-1981. An analysis of mortality data for the years 1976-81 indicates a high adult male mortality due to accidents, injuries, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The life expectancy estimate at birth for men was 49 years, and for women 62 years. The male life expectancy is among the lowest in the region. The considerable adult male mortality appears to be related to the rapidly acquired affluence and the ready availability of motorcycles, cars, imported foods, tobacco, and alcohol. The data suggest that modernization of the economy in Pacific Island nations can lead to new and serious public health problems.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Taylor R,Thoma Kdoi
10.2105/ajph.75.2.149subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-02-01 00:00:00pages
149-55issue
2eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:This analysis describes trends in the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in economically disadvantaged young women entering a national job training program. METHODS:We examined chlamydia test data for May 1990 through June 1997 for women aged 16 to 24 years who enrolled in the program. The significa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1287
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from the National Health Interview Survey to compare health care access among individuals involved in same-sex versus opposite-sex relationships. METHODS:We conducted descriptive and logistic regression analyses from pooled data on 614 individuals in same-sex relationships and 93418 individuals...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062661
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (RLDS) are dissuaded from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks. A well-balanced diet is also stressed. This study compares the 1972-78 mortality experience of the Missouri RLDS with three other population groups. The findings show Missouri R...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.12.1350
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether and how racial prejudice at both the individual and community levels contributes to mortality risk among majority as well as minority group members. METHODS:We used data on racial attitudes from the General Social Survey (1993-2002) prospectively linked to mortality data from the Nationa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302776
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::While Job Corps Centers vary in size, location, and administrative structure, they are subject to uniform requirements for health services, established by federal regulation and must make individual decisions about whether to furnish dental care on-site or by some alternative arrangement in the community. Analysis of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.12.1294
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the survival benefit bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital emergencies in a paramedic served area of metropolitan Los Angeles. Clinical information for all events occurring between January 1 and December 31, 1978 was obtained from paramedic report forms and hospital medical ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.7.766
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine whether adequacy of prenatal care utilization improved after the implementation of a Medicaid managed care program in Rhode Island. METHODS:Rhode Island birth certificate data (1993-1995; n = 37021) were used to analyze pre- and post-program implementation changes ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.4.497
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether geographic information available at the time of asthma admission predicts time to reutilization (readmission or emergency department revisit). METHODS:For a prospective cohort of children hospitalized with asthma in 2008 and 2009 in Cincinnati, Ohio, we constructed a geographic social ri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300806
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study identified behavioral and psychosocial/interpersonal factors in young adolescence that are associated with handgun carrying in later adolescence. METHODS:A sample of 2200 high school students was surveyed at 9th grade and again at 12th grade. RESULTS:Multivariate logistic regression analyses ind...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.6.960
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined how Hispanic parents' income and education, combined with their nativity status, influenced the body mass index (BMI) of their children, compared with non-Hispanic White children and their parents. METHODS:We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.116103
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed the relationship between physician migration from developing source countries to more developed host countries (brain drain) and the developmental and global health profiles of source countries. METHODS:We used a cross-section of 141 countries that lost emigrating physicians to the 4 major desti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined local public health agencies' involvement in community illicit drug policy advocacy and provision related to youths to determine the extent to which public health agencies were involved in local drug policy activities and could potentially provide an infrastructure for policy alternatives. METHO...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.112524
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several epidemiologists have published papers in major medical journals in which they compare incidence rates and prevalence and use these comparisons to support conclusions regarding questions of major public health importance. Although these papers have been criticized in published correspondence, we believe that co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.9.1301
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We describe common surgical and medical hospital admission rates for Maryland residents, exploring systematic effects of race and income. METHODS:The data comprise Maryland hospital discharges and population estimates for 1985 to 1987. Patient income is the race-specific median family income of residence zi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.11.1435
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study of lung cancer deaths in the Teamsters Union to compare the risk of different occupations within the teamsters, after controlling for smoking and other confounders. Occupations with no presumed exposure to diesel fumes were used as the nonexposed group. The study population consisted ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.6.670
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salt intake of 978 subjects when compared to 1954 data demonstrated a trend toward the decreased use of table salt. When hypertensives in treatment were excluded, persons reporting low salt use had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those reporting high salt use. These findings were the reverse of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.4.405
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1999, a cluster of encephalitis cases was detected in New York City. The city applied larvicide to standing water and aerially sprayed pesticides to control adult mosquitoes. The causative agent was West Nile virus, a type of encephalitis that had never before been transmitted in the western hemisphere. This experi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.8.1218
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public health asks of systems science, as it did of sociology 40 years ago, that it help us unravel the complexity of causal forces in our varied populations and the ecologically layered community and societal circumstances of public health practice. We seek a more evidence-based public health practice, but too much o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.066035
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity. METHODS:We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who surviv...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302849
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance among children with tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHODS:Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampin was prospectively done on all children with culture-confirmed TB at Tygerberg Children's Hospital,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143271
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the relative importance of various independent variables for predicting five separate measures of physician utilization in a rural community. The independent variables include socioeconomic, demographic, attitudinal, and health status factors. The results are comparable to those of national studies...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.9.865
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of Reducing the Risk (RTR) and Love Notes (LN) on reducing risky sexual behavior among youths yet to experience or cause a pregnancy. METHODS: The four dependent variables were ever had sex, condom use, birth control use, and number of sexual partners at 3- and 6-month follow-up in a 3...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303429
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 3,837 inmates of a state prison system. Ninety-two (2.4 percent) were HIV-seropositive. The highest proportion of HIV-seropositive inmates was found among Blacks (5.4 percent), females, and those 30 years of age or older. HIV-...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.2.209
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because opinion leaders hold positions from which they may influence tobacco control efforts, this study examined their support for tobacco control policies and their involvement in tobacco control activities. METHODS:A telephone survey was administered to 712 California opinion leaders who were randomly se...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.8.1283
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined effects of New York and California's statewide smoke-free restaurant and bar policies on alcohol-related car crash fatalities. We used an interrupted time-series design from 1982 to 2008, with 312 monthly observations, to examine the effect of each state's law on single-vehicle-nighttime crashes and crashe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300906
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large portion of current epidemiologic research is based on methodologic individualism: the notion that the distribution of health and disease in populations can be explained exclusively in terms of the characteristics of individuals. The present paper discusses the need to include group- or macro-level variables in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.2.216
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 33 screening sessions in Denver gay steambaths, 48 of 419 (11.5 per cent) men were found to have asymptomatic gonorrhea and six (1.4 per cent) had early latent syphilis. Questionnaires were administered to 160 men who reported a mean of 7.9 different male sex contacts per month. Female sex contacts were also re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.8.740
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among adolescents who participate in competitive sports. Using data from Monitoring the Future, we found that adolescent participants in high-injury sports had 50% higher odds of NMUPO than adolescents who did not participate in these types of sports (i.e....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301242
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Promoting population mental health and meeting the burdens of mental illness is a priority public health challenge of the 21st century. But too little attention has been placed on how to design and sustain the scope of strategies and commitments that credibly live up to the full breadth of that challenge. ThriveNYC is...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305040
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether characteristics of local health departments (LHD) and their geographic region were associated with using Facebook and Twitter. We also examined the number of tweets per month for Twitter accounts as an indicator of social media use by LHDs. METHODS:In 2012, we searched for Facebook and T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301166
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00