Abstract:
:We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 3,837 inmates of a state prison system. Ninety-two (2.4 percent) were HIV-seropositive. The highest proportion of HIV-seropositive inmates was found among Blacks (5.4 percent), females, and those 30 years of age or older. HIV-seropositivity of entering inmates was also 2.4 percent and was unchanged over the three years of the study. Seroconversion occurred in two inmates while in prison, a rate of one conversion per 604 person-years, but HIV infection could have occurred before entry. Seroconversion to HIV was rare in inmates in this correctional facility.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Horsburgh CR Jr,Jarvis JQ,McArther T,Ignacio T,Stock Pdoi
10.2105/ajph.80.2.209subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-01 00:00:00pages
209-10issue
2eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared admission rates, outcomes, and performance of the CURB-65 mortality prediction score of homeless patients and nonhomeless patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS:We compared homeless (n = 172) and nonhomeless (n = 1897) patients presenting to a Salt Lake City, Utah, emergency d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301342
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-week composite sample of prime time television programming from fall 1984 was analyzed for portrayals of alcohol and tobacco. Earlier studies note that smoking acts have progressively declined, suggesting smoking is no longer as frequent on prime time television. The current study notes higher levels of smoking....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.698
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed background characteristics, health status, and prevalence rates of mental health disorders in 2 studies of homeless mothers conducted in Worcester, Mass, one in 1993 and the other in 2003. METHODS:We compared the women taking part in the 2 studies, which involved similar methodologies, on the ke...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.069310
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the extent to which time spent watching television is associated with obesity and super-obesity among 6,138 employed adult males. After adjustment for age, smoking status, length of work week, measured physical fitness, and reported weekly hours of exercise, people who viewed TV more than three hours/day ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.516
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the impact of changes in dimensions of the psychosocial work environment on risk of depression in a longitudinal cohort of Canadian workers who were free of depression when work conditions were initially reported. METHODS:Using a sample (n = 3735) from the Canadian National Population Health Sur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300376
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Interpreting associations between lead exposure and child behavior problems is difficult because studies have not controlled for sociodemographic confounders or have used shed teeth to mark exposure. This study explored associations between blood lead and preschool behavior. METHODS:Children from a smelter ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.3.481
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program in enhancing protective factors among peer leaders trained to conduct schoolwide messaging and among the full population of high school students. METHODS:Eighteen high schools--6 metropolitan and 12 rural--were randomly assi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.190025
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of Be the Exception, a newly developed program to delay onset of sexual behaviors, in a White, rural population. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial in northwestern Indiana (14 schools, 1776 students, 2011-2015) compared an intervention (5 group sessions and multimedia ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303438
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nutritional status of three and four year old children, as measured by height and head circumference, is related to cognitive performance in four rural Guatemalan villages. The relationships persist when social factors are taken into account. Families in two of the villages participate in a voluntary, high protein...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.3.233
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our community-academic partnership employed community-based participatory research to develop and pilot a simple, peer-led intervention to promote weight loss, which can prevent diabetes and eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in incident diabetes among overweight adults with prediabetes. METHODS:We recruit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.170910
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.98
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven cases of subacute central and peripheral neurologic dysfunction developed in 18 workers employed in the manufacture of reinforced plastic bathtubs. Cases were characterized by weight loss, dizziness, paresthesias, muscle weakness, incontinence, memory loss, and loss of peripheral, color, and night vision. Neurop...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.5.513
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In data from the Texas Educational Agency and the Health Resources and Services Administration, we found fewer autism diagnoses in school districts with higher percentages of Hispanic children. Our results are consistent with previous reports of autism rates 2 to 3 times as high among non-Hispanic Whites as among Hisp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.150565
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine the extent to which children in the child welfare system receive mental health care consistent with national standards. METHODS:We used data from 4 waves (3 years of follow-up) of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, the nation's first longitudinal study of children i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.151472
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate a multicultural smoking prevention curriculum, 16 schools were randomized to receive the multicultural curriculum or a standard curriculum and program effects on 1-year smoking initiation among 1430 never smokers were assessed. Hispanic boys who received the multicultural curriculum were less likely to ini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.2.263
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We characterized smokers who are likely to use electronic or "e-"cigarettes to quit smoking. METHODS:We obtained cross-sectional data in 2010-2012 from 1567 adult daily smokers in Hawaii using a paper-and-pencil survey. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS:Of the participants, 13% rep...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301453
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We identified courses of depressive symptoms in an epidemiological sample of emerging adults. METHODS:We used latent class growth modeling to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms measured by the 12-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during a 14-year follow-up of 2825 Ca...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302817
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The World Health Organization's determination of the Ebola virus disease outbreak as a public health event of international concern prompted nonaffected countries to implement measures to prevent, detect, and manage the introduction of the virus in their territories. The outbreak provided an opportunity to assess the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302969
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.505
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the impact of a change in New York tax law on the numbers of untaxed cigarettes bootlegged from Native American reservations and resold in the South Bronx. METHODS:Discarded cigarette packs were systematically collected in 30 randomized South Bronx census tracks before and after the amended tax ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302340
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 30-year period, 1,137 adult residents of Rochester, Minnesota experienced 1235 Colles' fractures. Fracture incidence among women increased over sixfold between ages 35-39 and 60-64 and then leveled off. Male rates were lower in every age group and did not rise as dramatically. Fractures associated with moderate t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.6.605
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in women with HIV or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS:Participants with HIV or at risk for HIV infection enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Childhood sexual abuse; all physical,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.4.560
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of 2 large field studies on the impact of the polio eradication initiative on health systems and 3 supplementary reports were presented at a December 1999 meeting convened by the World Health Organization. All of these studies concluded that positive synergies exist between polio eradication and health sys...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.19
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the effectiveness of a 2-year multicomponent, school-based intervention designed to reduce tobacco use rates among adolescents in an urban area of India. METHODS:Students from 32 schools in Delhi and Chennai, India, were recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Baseli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.145433
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine trends in hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination among high-risk adults and assess the potential effect vaccinated adolescents have on these trends as they age. METHODS:We used data from the National Health Interview Survey 2000, 2002, and 2004 to examine trends in HBV vaccination among hi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.116046
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated whether the decline of the racial disparity in preterm birth during the last decade was commensurate with a decline in the contribution of preterm birth to the infant mortality gap. METHODS:We used linked files of 1990 and 2000 data on US infant births and deaths to partition the gap between Bl...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.093708
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine whether severe psychological distress (SPD) and serious mental illnesses (SMIs) are associated with a specific set of chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and the association between SPD-SMIs and increasing levels of medical multimorbidity and complexity (i.e., from 1 to 3 or more CMCs). ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were collected from 141 women under age 18 attending an abortion clinic that did not require parental notification. Most of them informed their girl friend but not their parents of the plans for abortion. Younger minors and those who perceive their parents to hold positive attitudes toward abortion were more apt ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.3.283
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of consumer demand for patient-oriented pharmacy services. Data, collected via a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 300 households, were analyzed using Kruskal's program for additive conjoint analysis. The results indicate substantial consumer demand ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.6.609
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional methods for classifying patients with respect to utilization of health care resources are based almost exclusively on diagnostic criteria. We review a new severity of illness index which is generic to most medical and surgical conditions in a hospital, and which has been found to produce subgroups of pati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.1.25
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00