Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify circumstances in which biochemical assessments of smoking produce systematically higher or lower estimates of smoking than self-reports. A secondary aim was to evaluate different statistical approaches to analyzing variation in validity estimates. METHODS:Literature searches and personal inquiries identified 26 published reports containing 51 comparisons between self-reported behavior and biochemical measures. The sensitivity and specificity of self-reports of smoking were calculated for each study as measures of accuracy. RESULTS:Sensitivity ranged from 6% to 100% (mean = 87.5%), and specificity ranged from 33% to 100% (mean = 89.2%). Interviewer-administered questionnaires, observational studies, reports by adults, and biochemical validation with cotinine plasma were associated with higher estimates of sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS:Self-reports of smoking are accurate in most studies. To improve accuracy, biochemical assessment, preferably with cotinine plasma, should be considered in intervention studies and student populations.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Patrick DL,Cheadle A,Thompson DC,Diehr P,Koepsell T,Kinne Sdoi
10.2105/ajph.84.7.1086subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
1086-93issue
7eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract::We investigated links between police brutality and poor health outcomes among Blacks and identified five intersecting pathways: (1) fatal injuries that increase population-specific mortality rates; (2) adverse physiological responses that increase morbidity; (3) racist public reactions that cause stress; (4) arrests, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:After conducting a media campaign focusing on the importance of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examinations, we assessed mechanisms of behavior change among individuals receiving an OPC examination for the first time. METHODS:We used data from 2 waves of telephone surveys of individuals residing in 36 rur...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302516
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have increased fivefold in the past decade. To address this expanding and complex issue, state public health agencies have addressed the opioid crisis affecting newborns in diverse ways, leading to a variety of methods to quantify the burden of NAS.In an effort to understand...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305170
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated a nurse-managed smoking cessation program for smokers hospitalized for a variety of conditions. METHODS:Hospitalized patients who smoked prior to hospitalization and who were motivated to quit (n = 660) were randomized to intervention or usual-care groups and followed for the next year....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.11.1557
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess whether breastfeeding-related hospital practices reported by mothers were associated with achievement of their intentions to exclusively breastfeed. METHODS:We used data from Listening to Mothers II, a nationally representative survey of 1573 mothers who had given birth in a hospital to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.135236
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results from a random sample survey of US Air Force personnel show that 4.6 per cent exhibit alcohol dependence, indicated by symptoms of withdrawal and impaired control over drinking. An additional 9.3 per cent can be identified as nondependent alcohol abusers, indicated by serious adverse effects of drinking (such a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.10.1125
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Oregon, adult foster care (AFC) homes, which are private residences where a live-in manager cares for one to five disabled residents, have been covered by Medicaid since 1981 and seem to offer a mainstream alternative to nursing homes. They house almost 6000 older people, two thirds of which pay privately...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.9.1113
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to determine the prevalence of at-risk drinking using varying alcohol use criteria. METHODS:A period prevalence survey was conducted in 22 primary care practices (n = 19372 adults). RESULTS:The frequency of at-risk alcohol use varied from 7.5% (World Health Organization criteria) to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.90
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of stress in childhood have used instruments containing items describing events/conditions thought by adults to be stressful for children. In interviews with 5th- and 6th-grade children, we asked them to describe circumstances that would make or had made them feel bad, nervous, or worried. After prete...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.2.117
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer mortality in Texas 1969-80 was 25 per cent lower among Mexican American males compared to other Whites; among females, rates were only 4 per cent lower. Reduced mortality was primarily a result of lower rates for cancers of the most common sites: lung, colon, breast and prostate. However, for cancers of the sto...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.851
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the risks of brain cancer in relation to employment history in a case-control study of 312 cases and 1,248 cancer controls. Subjects were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry for the period 1984 through 1988. Job classification was based on data routinely abstracted from hospital records. Eleva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.2.169
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public health is usually enacted through public policies, necessitating that the public engage in debates that, ideally, are grounded in solid scientific findings. Mistrust in science, however, has compromised the possibility of deriving sound policy from such debates, partially owing to justified concerns regarding u...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302241
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the association with birthweight of prenatal medical care, length of gestation, and other prenatal factors, birth certificate data were studied for babies born in 1978 to mothers who were residents of Alameda or Contra Costa counties, California. Using multiple regression data analytic techniques, adequate p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.9.1003
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the seroprevalence and investigate risk behaviors for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection in intravenous drug users in Los Angeles County, a stratified, random sample of 790 clients, enrolled in either methadone maintenance or detoxification programs, were studied. Thirteen study participants (1.8...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.1.81
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effect of New York's HIV Reporting and Partner Notification law on HIV testing levels and on the HIV testing decisions of high-risk individuals. METHODS:In-person interviews were administered to 761 high-risk individuals to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIV testi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.092742
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether eating behaviors were concordant among diverse sets of social ties. METHODS:We analyzed the socioeconomic and demographic distribution of eating among 3418 members of the Framingham Heart Study observed from 1991 to 2001. We used a data-classification procedure to simplify choices in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300282
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the impact of a tobacco control initiative over 10 years on cessation and prevention. METHODS:We examined 2000-2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System cases of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) with systematic tobacco control efforts throughout the decade (El Paso, TX) and 2 comparis...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300346
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accepted wisdom about the US overdose crisis singles out prescribing as the causative vector. Although drug supply is a key factor, we posit that the crisis is fundamentally fueled by economic and social upheaval, its etiology closely linked to the role of opioids as a refuge from physical and psychological trauma...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304187
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey on brand preference and cigarette advertising recall in 1,195 school children was conducted in Sydney, Australia. Four of the 130 available brands accounted for the cigarettes smoked by 78.7 per cent of smokers. Smokers were nearly twice as likely to correctly identify edited cigarette advertisements and slog...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.5.491
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the traditional definition of small for gestational age (SGA) is an appropriate marker of risk for populations that have relatively lower birthweight is unclear. We determined proportions of White and Asian Indian SGA infants and those admitted to the special care nursery. Compared with White infants, Asian In...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 33 screening sessions in Denver gay steambaths, 48 of 419 (11.5 per cent) men were found to have asymptomatic gonorrhea and six (1.4 per cent) had early latent syphilis. Questionnaires were administered to 160 men who reported a mean of 7.9 different male sex contacts per month. Female sex contacts were also re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.8.740
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing knowledge is an important goal of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategies, although increased knowledge may not be associated with increased preventive behaviors. This study examines the association of (1) objective and subjective acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, and (2)...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.10.1460
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to keep abreast of the changing needs of a more affluent society and to ensure better value for money, the British are reforming their National Health Service. They are promoting competition and entrepreneurship, and directing funding to follow a patient rather than flowing directly to institutions. Briti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.12.1566
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An examination of age specific rates of psychiatric admissions within Brooklyn, New York, indicated that population density may function as an intervening variable in the production of mental illness. Measures of household and family contact were found to be significantly correlated to four rates of hospital utilizati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.12.1165
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzed 30,194 incident cases and 4,301 death certificates for completeness of occupational reporting. Analysis of data accuracy was based upon a comparison of more than 2,000 death certificates with incident abstracts and 352 death certificates with interview data. Death certificates had a higher proporti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.464
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We documented the prevalence and relative timing of oral-genital, vaginal, and anal intercourse during adolescence and examined whether these timetables varied by sociodemographic factors. METHODS:We used data from almost 14 ,000 Wave IV respondents to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300394
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To examine exposure to psychological attempts to change a person's gender identity from transgender to cisgender (PACGI) among transgender people in the United States, lifetime and between the years 2010 and 2015, by US state.Methods. We obtained data from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, a cross-sectional ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305237
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We reviewed data for the Minority HIV/AIDS Research Initiative (MARI), which was established in 2003 to support underrepresented minority scientists performing HIV prevention research in highly affected communities. METHODS:MARI was established at the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control as a program ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301345
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study of lung cancer deaths in the Teamsters Union to compare the risk of different occupations within the teamsters, after controlling for smoking and other confounders. Occupations with no presumed exposure to diesel fumes were used as the nonexposed group. The study population consisted ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.6.670
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This population-based study examined the effect of all major congenital anomalies on the mortality of White and Black infants by infant sex, birthweight, gestational age, and lethality of the anomaly. The study also determined the total contribution of anomalies to infant mortality. METHODS:California Birth...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.6.887
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00