Abstract:
:Using data from the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfiles (1963-80) and the GINI index of resource concentration as a global measure of changes in the pattern of locational choice, the expectation of a more uniform distribution of physicians is shown to have been met for all major categories of physicians except General Practitioners. Increases in the supply of Surgical Specialists, Medical Specialists, and Other Specialists were accompanied by increases in the index of dispersion across counties of 23.1 per cent, 17.9 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively. By 1980, Surgical Specialists were the most uniformly distributed of all physician groups. The distributional implications of location theory for physicians are addressed and evidence relevant to evaluating this economic theory of locational choice is presented.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
McConnel CE,Tobias LAdoi
10.2105/ajph.76.6.638subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-06-01 00:00:00pages
638-42issue
6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Under an ecodevelopmental framework, we examined lifetime segmented assimilation trajectories (diverging assimilation pathways influenced by prior life conditions) and related them to quality-of-life indicators in a diverse sample of 258 men in the Phoenix, AZ, metropolitan area. METHODS:We used a growth mi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.167999
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined changes in service use in a Housing First (HF) pilot program for adults who were homeless with medical illnesses and high prior acute-care use relative to a similar comparison group. METHODS:We used a 1-year pre-post comparison group design. The 29 participants and 31 comparison group members we...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300867
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To determine the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Canada and the annual coverage of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and needle-and-syringe provision for PWID.Methods. We estimated the number of PWID in 11 of 13 Canadian provinces and territories in 2011 by using indirect multiplier methods based ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305379
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct) declared that every worker is entitled to safe and healthful working conditions, and that employers are responsible for work being free from all recognized hazards. Thirty-eight years after these assurances, however, it is difficult to find anyone who believes th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.117382
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization. METHODS:Using national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301997
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia implemented an eight-month prospective surveillance system in 24 hospitals distributed among states with and without public funding for abortion. Out of 3,157 visits for abortion-related complications, only 10 women gave a history of non-physician or self-induced ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.9.945
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined differences in quality of care among nursing homes in locales of varying degrees of rurality. METHODS:We classified locales into 4 classes according to rurality. We analyzed a 10% sample of nursing home admissions in the United States in 2000 (n=198613) to estimate survival models for 9 quality ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1717
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::National rates of unintended births are a major public health concern. The availability of highly effective long-acting contraceptives has prompted some public officials to promote the coercive use of these methods to reduce such problems as intergenerational poverty and child abuse. Broad-brush public policies that r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.6.787
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the number of deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and value of lost productivity for different US racial/ethnic groups in 2006. METHODS:We determined the number of SHS-related deaths among nonsmokers from 2 adult and 4 infant conditions using an e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300805
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether local health departments (LHDs) were conducting obesity prevention programs and diabetes screening programs, and we examined associations between LHD characteristics and whether they conducted these programs. METHODS:We used the 2005 National Profile of Local Health Departments to conduc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168831
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated rates of discontinuation of the recently introduced injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and postdiscontinuation rates of unprotected intercourse and unintended pregnancy. METHODS:A sample of 402 low-income, urban, minority women were interviewed when the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.9.1532
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This analysis was conducted to determine whether atopic disorders were related to social class in a pediatric population of a former socialist country. METHODS:A cross-sectional study of 2471 schoolchildren was carried out in 1992 and 1993 in 3 towns in the former East Germany. Parents completed a standardi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.9.1319
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recognition of the importance of posttrial access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the implementation process has not been studied. We examined whether the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidance document was being implemented in NIH-funded ART trials conducted in developing countries between July 2005 an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.157982
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.98
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its inception in rural, pre-apartheid South Africa, community-oriented primary care (COPC) has intrigued and informed public health and primary care leaders worldwide. COPC has influenced such programs as the US community health center movement, the general practice movement in the United Kingdom, and recent ref...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.11.1748
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively identified 102 mechanically restrained hospital patients and determined their hospital course. The cohort was elderly, cognitively impaired with multiple chronic diseases. The in-hospital mortality was 21 percent. Nosocomial infection developed in 12 percent and new pressure sores in 22 percent. Prolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.6.735
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Curriculum development in masters of public health programs that effectively meets the complex challenges of the 21st century is an important part of public health education and requires purposeful thinking. Current approaches to training the public health work-force do not adequately prepare professionals to be cultu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062950
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined relations between early alcohol use and subsequent alcohol and sexual risk behaviors among urban adolescents. METHODS:A total of 1034 African American and Hispanic youths completed surveys assessing alcohol and sexual behaviors at 7th and 10th grade. After we controlled for early sexual initiati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the traditional definition of small for gestational age (SGA) is an appropriate marker of risk for populations that have relatively lower birthweight is unclear. We determined proportions of White and Asian Indian SGA infants and those admitted to the special care nursery. Compared with White infants, Asian In...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salt intake of 978 subjects when compared to 1954 data demonstrated a trend toward the decreased use of table salt. When hypertensives in treatment were excluded, persons reporting low salt use had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those reporting high salt use. These findings were the reverse of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.4.405
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared the association between 3 different definitions of social smoking-a common pattern of smoking among young adults-and cessation indicators. METHODS:We used a Web-enabled, cross-sectional national survey of 1528 young adults (aged 18-25 years) from a panel (recruited by random-digit dialing) maint...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300012
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared cervical cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival in Medicaid-insured and non-Medicaid-insured populations. METHODS:We stratified the sample by age and used ordered logistic regression to predict stage at diagnosis and used Cox proportional hazards regression to predict survival. RESU...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.12.2098
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed the variation in the risk of AIDS in US Blacks, Hispanics, and other racial/ethnic groups relative to that in Whites (non-Hispanic) by geographic area and mode of acquiring HIV infection, based on data reported between June 1, 1981 and January 18, 1988 to the Centers for Disease Control and 1980 US census ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.12.1539
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Data from the Western Collaborative Group Study were used to determine the extent to which the inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality can be explained by risk factors for major causes of mortality. METHODS:The relation of education and income to subsequent mortality was studied...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.9.1231
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluations of 40 mass media programs/campaigns designed to influence cigarette smoking were reviewed. Information/motivation programs/campaigns generally produced changes in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes. Extensive national campaigns also produced meaningful behavioral change. Programs/campaigns designed to pro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.2.153
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption and prices of tobacco products in Canada and the United States are compared over the period 1981 to 1989. In Canada, consumption has fallen from a higher level and at a faster rate than in the United States (3.52 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult vs 3.21 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult). With respect to cost, the real t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.7.902
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the number and cost of syphilis-attributable HIV cases among African Americans. METHODS:A mathematical model of HIV transmission was used to estimate the number of partnerships consisting of HIV-discordant African Americans in which infectious syphilis was present and the number of new HIV case...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.6.943
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether eating behaviors were concordant among diverse sets of social ties. METHODS:We analyzed the socioeconomic and demographic distribution of eating among 3418 members of the Framingham Heart Study observed from 1991 to 2001. We used a data-classification procedure to simplify choices in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300282
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article describes a unifying conceptual framework for the public health system as a way to facilitate the measurement of public health system performance. METHODS:A conceptual framework for the public health system was developed on the basis of the work of Donabedian and a conceptual model previously d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1235
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the first reported cases of individuals with mental retardation who have subsequently become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The implications of this finding for agencies which provide services to persons with mental retardation are described. Where conflicts arise, the authors propose tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.491
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00