Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:In elderly patients, both falls and impaired memory are considerable medical problems. Hypnotics, which are frequently administered to this patient group for the treatment of insomnia, should ideally not impair equilibrium or memory functions. This double-blind, randomised, four-way, cross-over study investigated the effects of frequently prescribed hypnotics from different classes on postural oscillation and memory under real life conditions. Zolpidem 5 mg, zopiclone 3.75 mg, lormetazepam 1 mg (i.e. usual starting doses in elderly) or placebo were administered at night to 48 healthy elderly volunteers aged 65 years or more. The study included four treatment periods separated by wash-out periods of at least 1 week. METHODS:Psychomotor tests up to 9 h or 10 h after drug intake included, for attention and body sway, clinical stabilometric platform (CSP) tests, simple reaction time (SRT), and the critical tracking test (CTT); for memory, the learning memory tasks (LMT) and the Sternberg memory scanning test (mean reaction time [MRT] and percentage of correct answers) were used. For subjective sleep evaluation the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) and for sedation a visual analogue scale (VAS) were used. For safety evaluations, adverse events (AEs) were recorded. RESULTS:The results demonstrate that compared with placebo, the active drugs increased body sway (area eyes open and closed in the CSP); however, this effect disappeared after 5 h with zolpidem, while it disappeared only after 8 h with lormetazepam and zopiclone. All three drugs did not affect attention assessed by the SRT and CTT. Concerning memory, Sternberg MRT at 9 h was not significantly different up to 5 digits for all groups in comparison with placebo, while for 6 digits it was significantly increased with lormetazepam and zopiclone. In the LMT, an impairment of performance was observed with lormetazepam relative to both zolpidem and placebo. CONCLUSION:The safest compared drug with regard to body sway was zolpidem, because of its short-lasting effect. In addition, zolpidem did not show any significant effect on memory functions, in the present dose comparison.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Allain H,Bentué-Ferrer D,Tarral A,Gandon JMdoi
10.1007/s00228-003-0591-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
179-88issue
3eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
59pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:CONTEXT:Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are responsible for 5 % of hospital admissions, but hospital re-admission induced by ADRs remains poorly documented. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of hospital re-admission and the factors associated with re-admission in the patients over the age of 65 ye...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2022-4
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Treatment with statins requires close monitoring of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels to prevent myopathy, a common and potentially serious dose-dependent adverse effect of these drugs. We have investigated the correlation between elevated CK levels and polymorphisms in the genes encoding transporters involved ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-014-1661-6
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects on renal hemodynamics and salt-water handling of equipotent doses of the cardioselective beta-blocker metoprolol (M, 100 mg) and of the non-selective (intrinsic sympathetic activity) beta-antagonist pindolol (P, 10 mg) were compared in 30 WHO Grade 1-2 hypertensive men. M lowered pulse rate more than P. Sy...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00558292
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of a single 2 mg IV dose of chlordesmethyldiazepam has been studied in 11 patients with renal failure on regular haemodialysis and in 11 age-matched healthy controls. The kinetics was also examined after a single 2 mg oral dose in 6 of the 11 renal failure patients. After intravenous administratio...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00280109
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Mizoribine (MZR) is an immunosuppressant for the prevention of allograft rejection in Asian countries, but the great variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) limits its clinical use. This study was to explore genetic and clinical factors that affect the MZR PK process. METHODS:Blood samples and clinical data were coll...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02936-7
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidental intoxication with tramadol of a 6-month old infant was followed by severe cerebral depression. Studies on serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine drug levels indicated complete penetration of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by tramadol. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00543498
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of ethanol in plasma and whole blood have been investigated and the results used to estimate the volume of total body water (TBW) by means of the dilution principle. Fifteen men (mean age 62 y) were given 0.6 g ethanol/kg body weight as an intravenous infusion over 1 h. The peak concentration of e...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00280133
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Opicapone is a novel third generation catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to compare the levodopa pharmacokinetic profile throughout a day driven by the COMT inhibition either following repeated doses of opicapone or concomitant administration with enta...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-014-1701-2
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although studies have shown the efficacy of laquinimod (LAQ) on disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there is some controversy about whether it improves the types of outcomes and side effects. The main purpose of the present study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the effica...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00228-019-02827-6
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of acute and long-term treatment with propranolol on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) has been studied in 8 young healthy volunteers. CBF was measured by 133Xe-inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography, and CMRO2 was calculated from the arterio-veno...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00315115
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in the symptomatic relief of mosquito bites. Sixty eight healthy volunteers were bitten under laboratory conditions by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at three spots, on the ventral aspect of the forearm. One...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00192367
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To quantify pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships of various classes of GABAA agonists in healthy volunteers, in order to investigate the sensitivity of the biomarker responses due to differing GABAA-subtype selectivity and to explore the correlation between biomarker responses and side ef...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1918-8
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the aminopyrine breath test has received much attention, the question has not yet been settled whether pharmacological or tracer doses of the drug should be used. Nine volunteers were given 14C-aminopyrine 9 mg/kg or a tracer amount, in a randomized sequence and according to a crossover design. The specific a...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609866
更新日期:1977-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pharmacokinetic parameters are important for dose adjustment of aminoglycosides, but they are highly variable in neonates. In this study the pharmacokinetics of a netilmicin loading dose was investigated on the first postnatal day in preterm neonates with very low gestational age (GA). METHODS:In an open pro...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0153-8
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of grapefruit juice on the urinary excretion of 7-hydroxycoumarin after oral administration of 10 mg coumarin, as an index of cytochrome P450 dependent coumarin metabolism, has been investigated in an open, randomised cross over study in 13 healthy volunteers (7 female, 6 male). The percentage of 7-hydroxyc...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00199885
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to examine the effects of genetic and clinical factors on the maintenance dose of tacrolimus in patients following renal transplantation and to develop a tacrolimus-dosing model that could be combined with associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This study included 142 renal tra...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1010-y
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory action of azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on the respiratory burst in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been studied. Azeptin in vitro suppressed chemiluminescence and superoxide (O2-) generation by human PMN in a dose- and time-dependent manne...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00194963
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine chewing gum (Nicorette 4 mg) and an identical placebo gum were administered on different days, in a double-blind cross over fashion, to 4 men, aged 25-52 years, and 4 women, aged 21-49 years, all healthy non-smokers. The subjects chewed the gum for 30 min and heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, fin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00613610
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood level versus time curve for unchanged cimetidine after a 200 mg oral dose has been determined in 20 apparently healthy subjects, ranging from 22 to 84 years of age. A significant relationship between the area under the curve (AUC) and age was found (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). The peak concentrations of ci...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00618514
更新日期:1979-05-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate interindividual variability in response to pain treatment, we characterized postoperative patients for morphine metabolism and for COMT, OPRM1 and UGT2B7 polymorphisms. METHODS:A total of 109 patients treated with morphine were genotyped by DNA sequencing for 12 DNA polymorphisms of the COMT, OP...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1523-7
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is conflicting data in the literature as to whether subsensitivity of in-vivo beta 2-adrenoceptor (beta 2-AR) responses in patients with asthma is due to an endogenous defect of beta 2-AR or an effect of exogenous beta 2-agonist therapy. The purpose of the study was to compare in-vitro parameters of lymphocyte b...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00315310
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Clomipramine is one of the drugs for depression during pregnancy; however, pharmacokinetic data of clomipramine and its active metabolite desmethylclomipramine in this vulnerable period are lacking. In this study, we describe clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine concentrations including their ratios during pr...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1944-6
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of enprofylline, a new potent antiasthmatic, has been studied in 20 healthy, elderly subjects, aged 65 to 81 years, and in 7 young adult controls, aged 23 to 37 years. The dose of 1 mg/kg body weight was given as an i.v. infusion. Plasma levels of enprofylline were followed for about 7 h and urine...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609959
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cross-over study of kinetics has been undertaken in 12 healthy adults volunteers using two sustained-release theophylline products that allow once a day dosing (Theo-Dur tablets and Dilatrane A.P. bead filled capsules) to compare the i.v. pharmacokinetic profiles when taken with an hyperlipidic meal and a balanced s...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609431
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper an alternative approach to nonlinear pharmacokinetics modelling has been developed from first principles. This "Unsteady Model" is able to describe the situation whereby one or more independent drugs and their metabolites compete for free attachment sites in liver, tissue, red blood cells etc. The Unstea...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615410
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A temporal relationship between the increasing use of antibiotics and the increasing levels of antibiotic resistance has been established for Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are also data that support the presence of a geographic correlation between the level of resistance and the pattern of use among differ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0724-x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The systemic effects of single and multiple doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide were examined in 24 healthy male volunteers (age range 18-29 years). The study was of an open, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-way crossover design. On each study day, multiple blood samples were taken over a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00195931
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Evidence exists to suggest that diclofenac is metabolised by CYP2C9. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of the single CYP2C9*3 variant on drug metabolism using diclofenac as a probe drug. METHODS:A single dose of diclofenac was administered orally to 12 healthy subjects in whom...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050722
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative enzyme inducing effects of rifabutin and the chemically related drug rifampicin have been investigated in 8 normal subjects. Rifampicin 600 mg daily for 7 days caused considerable shortening of the antipyrine half-life and a marked increase in antipyrine clearance, associated with an increased rate of ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615223
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was investigated in five hyperthyroid, five hypothyroid, and five euthyroid patients, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Wide individual variability was found in theophylline kinetics, but the rate of elimination of theophylline was significantly higher in hyperthyroid...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00544240
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00