Abstract：
:Although recent clinical trials suggest that conjugate vaccination will be less effective for the prevention of AOM than for IPD, these trials have demonstrated impressive reductions in the incidence of AOM due to invasive and antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal serotypes. These data suggest that if serotype replacement does occur in immunized children, the causative agents are likely to be less virulent than vaccine strains. Furthermore, a recent cost-effectiveness analysis projected that immunization of healthy infants with the heptavalent conjugate vaccine could prevent over one million episodes of AOM and 12,000 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. Because significant reductions have been demonstrated in the incidence of frequently recurrent AOM, children with the worst disease stand to benefit most from vaccination. Based on data currently available, however, the conjugate vaccine is not going to eradicate AOM. Consequently, there will continue to be a need to scrutinize the threshold for prescribing antibiotics. In addition, there will be an ongoing need for surgery in some cases of recurrent AOM and persistent OME.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
Weber SM,Grundfast KMdoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00025-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
399-411issue
2eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(03)00025-7journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Acute cerebrovascular injury in term and preterm infants is a cause of significant morbidity. Treatment efforts in the past have focused on attempts to prevent such injury by interceding during labor in term infants and improving neonatal care in preterm infants. Epidemiologic studies suggest that these strategies hav...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38368-7
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is in its adolescence, it is already having a major impact on patient care, quality, safety, and education. Pediatric hospitalists have been front-and-center in the safety and quality movement, driving change as clinicians, applying evidence-based medicine to standardize prac...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.03.013
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lacrimal system comprises of a series of anatomical structures with specific physiologic properties. Tearing from a nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is the most common lacrimal system abnormality encountered by pediatric ophthalmologists. Most NLDOs spontaneously improve with conservative management by 12 mont...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2014.03.002
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatricians, as well as other health care professionals, must always consider psychoactive drug use by adolescents as possible causes of general health or emotional problems, such as poor appetite, insomnia, problem behavior, academic underachievement, and loss of energy and motivation. Early diagnosis and intervent...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36227-7
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the importance of iron nutrition during the first year of life, there are surprisingly few true, randomized, controlled studies addressing this issue; however, it seems that iron deficiency is unlikely in full-term, breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life because these infants' body iron stores are s...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(08)70033-6
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major advances have been made in the treatment of children with Wilms' tumor. Remaining areas of investigation include the role of adriamycin and the treatment of children with stage III and IV disease and the role of whole lung radiation therapy in the treatment of children with pulmonary metastases. Long-term follow...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38088-9
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite many advances in the overall treatment of type I diabetes mellitus during the last few years, no major advance has been made in decreasing the mortality rate of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. A major concern in both of these disease states is the development of cerebral ed...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36870-5
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral palsy describes a wide spectrum of motor problems caused by a nonprogressive lesion of the developing brain. It is variably associated with a variety of other developmental and medical problems that present challenges to parents and care providers alike. This article provides an overview of etiology and diagn...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2008.07.003
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is at present a pathologic diagnosis. In the setting of a chronic interstitial pneumonia in a child with lymphocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and lymphadenopathy or parotid enlargement, the diagnosis is often clinically presumed. At present the diagnosis can be established firmly only b...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38044-0
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36142-9
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beginning with a brief description of mature anatomic pathways and neurotransmitters in the "pain system," this article details their development in the human fetus, neonate, and child. Special emphasis is given to the basic mechanisms and physiologic effects of opioid analgesia. The clinical implications of these dat...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36722-0
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Childhood obesity may be seen as a marker for high-risk dietary and physical inactivity practices. Recent increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among American children are not limited to one age, gender, or ethnic group, which suggests that unique behaviors of the members of various racial or ethnic su...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70345-x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoblastoma is the most common neoplasm of the eye in childhood, and represents 3% of all childhood malignancies. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the very young; two-thirds are diagnosed before 2 years of age and 95% before 5 years. Retinoblastoma presents in 2 distinct clinical forms: (1) a bilateral or multifocal, ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2014.09.014
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preventing relapse into substance use means first helping the teenager to develop a state of recovery. This involves completing a First Step of a 12-Step program, whereby the teenager accepts that drugs and alcohol have been destructive in his or her life and that moderate use is impossible. Thus, abstinence is necess...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38958-1
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70097-3
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory system involvement in cystic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene throughout the sinopulmonary tract result in recurrent infections with a variety of organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Sta...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2016.04.007
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite incomplete understanding of the etiology of Hodgkin's disease and its malignant cell of origin, the majority of children and adolescents diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease will be longterm survivors. Staging and treatment for pediatric Hodgkin's disease has evolved over the past 30 years in attempts to reduce la...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70535-6
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) there is dysregulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Insulin secretion becomes inappropriate for the level of blood glucose leading to severe hypoglycemia. HH is associated with a high risk of brain injury because insulin inhibits lipolysis and ketogenesis thus pre...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2015.04.010
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been speculated that autism and specific language impairment share common underlying neural substrates because of the overlap in language impairment issues and evidence suggesting parallels in other domains and implying a possible shared genetic risk. Anatomically the two sets of disorders have generally been s...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.007
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(01)00011-6
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70258-3
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal failure (IF) is the ultimate malabsorption state, with multiple causes, requiring long-term therapy with enteral or intravenous fluids and nutrient supplements. The primary goal during management of children with potentially reversible IF is to promote intestinal autonomy while supporting normal growth, nut...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2009.07.005
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auricular reconstruction of microtia is available and is extremely satisfying for the patient, family, and care givers. The patient can look forward to a realistic pinna. With current research activity, auricular reconstruction could evolve even further. The pediatrician is an extremely important member of this effort...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70516-2
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the process of clinical assessment that may lead to differential treatment of psychiatric-related learning difficulties. The authors review differences in information processing among individuals with attention, affective, and primary thought disorders. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34578-3
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit is important not only because of the serious nature of the patient's condition, but also because of the greater staff-patient contact and inevitable crowding of patients, staff, and equipment. In order to control the spread of nosocomial infection,...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presentation, etiology, diagnostic examination, and management of pediatric cataracts are discussed in this article. If untreated, cataracts result in significant visual deprivation. Evaluation of the pupillary light reflex should become an integral part of every pediatrician's physical examination. Patients shoul...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38591-1
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasculitides are defined according to the vessel size involved, and they tend to affect certain organ systems. Pulmonary involvement is rare in the common childhood vasculitides, such as Kawasaki disease, IgA vasculitis (Henoch Schonlein purpura). On the other hand, lung involvement is common in a rare pediatric vascu...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2020.09.014
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the newborn with hyperbilirubinemia is an important and commonly encountered problem in all clinical pediatric-based practices. Cholestatic jaundice is always pathologic and warrants prompt assessment. The timely evaluation and directed treatment of any jaundiced newborn are essential to prevent serious ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38655-2
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past decade, a tremendous wealth of information regarding the pathogenesis, genetics, and therapy of IBD has been discovered. Judging by the number of new publications published every month in scientific journals and the great enthusiasm at scientific meetings, this outstanding pace surely will continue. In...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00106-8
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
