Abstract：
:Approximately half of children sustain some type of dental injury. Management of injuries to the anterior teeth of preschool children is directed toward minimizing potential damage to the developing permanent teeth; therefore, heroic measures to save primary teeth are not indicated. Crown fractures in the permanent dentition, even those exposing the dental pulp, can be successfully treated hours after an injury. Prompt referral for dental treatment is advisable. Displacement injuries to permanent teeth constitute genuine dental emergencies in which the prognosis is directly related to the timeliness of treatment. Avulsed permanent teeth should be immediately reimplanted by any capable person. If that is impossible, the teeth should be placed in cold milk and the child referred for immediate treatment by a dentist. Mouthguards prevent dental injuries but are not widely used outside of a few organized sports. Efforts should continue to promote mouthguard use in all contact sports.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
McTigue DJdoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70258-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
1067-84issue
5eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(05)70258-3journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:More than half of US adolescents will experiment with marijuana. Of those who try marijuana more than once, approximately one third will subsequently use marijuana regularly, although most will have stopped by their late 20s. Although genetic predisposition plays the most important role in determining who will develop...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(01)00011-6
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beginning with a brief description of mature anatomic pathways and neurotransmitters in the "pain system," this article details their development in the human fetus, neonate, and child. Special emphasis is given to the basic mechanisms and physiologic effects of opioid analgesia. The clinical implications of these dat...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36722-0
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatricians, as well as other health care professionals, must always consider psychoactive drug use by adolescents as possible causes of general health or emotional problems, such as poor appetite, insomnia, problem behavior, academic underachievement, and loss of energy and motivation. Early diagnosis and intervent...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36227-7
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric obesity is a major public health threat. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk for many medical and surgical conditions. These conditions may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. The rapidly progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus within the first 5 years of obesity diagnos...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2011.09.013
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available infant formulas contain a vast assortment of carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources in an effort to emulate the composition of human milk. Although infants receiving commercial formulas thrive, physicians should be cognizant of differences in formula composition and the research that has resulted in the diff...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38838-1
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents the studies that show that asthma in children is strongly associated with sensitization to dust mite and other indoor allergens. In addition, the recent evidence that this association reflects a causal relationship between allergen exposure and asthma is reviewed. The relevance of quantitative me...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38445-0
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter has reviewed the deficiencies in immune defense that place the neonate, particularly the premature infant, at increased risk of invasive bacterial disease. We also have reviewed the literature on the rationale for exchange transfusion, granulocyte transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulin, and fibronectin a...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36038-2
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from siblings, unrelated donors or HLA mismatched family members has become an important procedure to offer a chance of cure to children and adolescents with acute leukemia at high risk of relapse and those with certain genetic diseases. Bone marrow (BM) was the only ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2010.01.004
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overweight and obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in the United States continues to worsen, with notable racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. Risk factors for pediatric obesity include genetics; environmental and neighborhood factors; increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fas...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2015.05.013
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a result of their preadoptive histories and experiences, internationally adopted children, especially those with a history of institutionalization, can present with a complex profile of developmental and behavioral issues. Although many children demonstrate significant recovery and resilience after joining their ad...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2005.06.010
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, it is apparent that discussions on substance abuse should begin at the prenatal visit and extend through adolescence. Educational efforts and preventive strategies must be given highest priority. Signs and symptoms may be subtle, and pediatricians should have a high index of suspicion, particularly for hig...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38948-9
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children who have a dental home are more likely to receive preventative care, require fewer dental treatments, and are less likely to have dental disease. Many children demonstrate behavior management concerns that may impede families from establishing a dental home for their children. Conceptually, behavior concerns ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.006
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the importance of iron nutrition during the first year of life, there are surprisingly few true, randomized, controlled studies addressing this issue; however, it seems that iron deficiency is unlikely in full-term, breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life because these infants' body iron stores are s...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(08)70033-6
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis remains a major clinical problem in children, with a high mortality rate. Recent discoveries have identified the major cytokines involved in sepsis and several anticytokine strategies have been used in clinical trials. Antiendotoxin, anticytokine, and even steroid therapy have been studied in humans, with limit...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70469-7
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although recent clinical trials suggest that conjugate vaccination will be less effective for the prevention of AOM than for IPD, these trials have demonstrated impressive reductions in the incidence of AOM due to invasive and antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal serotypes. These data suggest that if serotype replacement...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00025-7
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hospitals that care for children are establishing medical emergency or rapid response teams as system solutions for preventing unexpected but foreseeable respiratory and cardiac arrest on inpatient units. Typically, an experienced team of doctors and nurses responds quickly to a direct request by any level of staff or...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2008.04.006
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medications to treat children with rheumatic disease include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticosteroids, and biologic response modifiers that target mediators and cells involved in autoimmunity and inflammation. Although usually well-tolerated, such medications have many possible side effects, of whic...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.04.008
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by their clinical symptoms and many disorders share common features. Recently there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, although concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates. This article ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2016.08.009
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a nonpreventable disorder associated with extreme prematurity. Recent advances in establishing the International Classification of ROP have facilitated both clinical care and research, highlighted by the demonstration of the effectiveness of cryoablative therapy for vision-thre...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38581-9
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The renin-angiotensin system plays multiple roles in the maintenance of normal blood pressure and renal function. The balance and integration of these roles change during development in ways that we do not yet fully understand. This article reviews the ways in which the renin-angiotensin system maintains normal cardio...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38481-4
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical challenge of determining the medical conditions that are associated with obvious symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and what diagnostic tests are appropriate to define this relationship is substantial. To determine which infants may be suffering from pathologic conditions associated with subtle signs of ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70402-8
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feeding problems in infants and young children are common. In healthy children who are developing and growing normally, feeding problems are usually not serious and can be managed conservatively by reassuring the family and providing them with anticipatory guidance and follow-up. A majority of serious childhood feedin...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.021
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children is the result of multiple etiologies and treatment (prophylaxis) must be tailored accordingly. In children who do not have congenital heart disease, surgical therapy of SCD typically consists of implantation of an internal defibrillator, with specific attention to the small size ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2004.04.003
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 10 per cent of all school-aged children have some type of learning disorder. These students are usually labeled mentally retarded, learning disabled, or emotionally disturbed/behavior disordered. The authors discuss the commonly used definitions of these disorders, the prognosis in school for children wi...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34571-0
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article outlines a few of the hematologic problems that are particular to developing countries, particularly those of the tropics. Because of globalization and the increasing movement of populations, hematologists in wealthier countries must be aware of the general patterns of hematologic change in the important ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00087-1
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common illnesses for which children visit primary care physicians. Most cases of acute pharyngitis in children are caused by viruses and are benign and self-limited. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most important of the bacterial causes of acute pharyngitis. Strategies ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2005.02.004
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For decades, pediatricians have been concerned about the impact of media on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Robust research has found an association between exposure to media violence and real-life aggression in children and teens. Other effects include desensitization, fear, and attitudes that ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.12.002
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The experience of hypoglycemia is probably the most feared and hated consequence of life with type 1 diabetes among pediatric patients and their parents. Although transient detrimental effects are clearly disturbing and may have severe results, there is surprisingly little evidence of long-term CNS damage, even after ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2005.08.002
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an otherwise healthy child with acute dehydration known to be due to diarrhea or vomiting, the amount of deficit can best be estimated by accurate weight. Total serum protein and hematocrit provide a rough estimate of reduction in circulating blood volume, but calculation from these data will usually underestimate ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)32538-x
更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Status epilepticus is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt and appropriate intervention. Maintenance of adequate vital function with attention to airway, breathing, and circulation; prevention of systemic complications; and rapid termination of seizures must be coupled with investigating and treating any u...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70334-5
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
