Abstract：
:Despite many advances in the overall treatment of type I diabetes mellitus during the last few years, no major advance has been made in decreasing the mortality rate of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. A major concern in both of these disease states is the development of cerebral edema during treatment. The guiding principles of therapy in both disease states are rehydration, electrolyte replacement, insulin therapy, and treatment of any underlying illnesses. If the patient is hypotensive, therapy begins with colloid or normal saline administration to support blood pressure. Fluid and electrolyte deficits should be calculated and replaced during 48 hours. Low-dose insulin therapy is employed for treatment of hyperglycemia. Neurologic function should be carefully monitored and mannitol administered if a change in neurologic function occurs.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
Ellis ENdoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36870-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-04-01 00:00:00pages
313-21issue
2eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(16)36870-5journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Derangements of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis are an inevitable part of acute renal failure. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders is essential to treating and preventing potentially life-threatening complications. Appropriate nutritional support is also an important part of management i...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36872-9
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors provide the reader with the pharmacologic tools useful in managing chronic pain in children. The agents discussed include the analgesics, the psychotropics, and miscellaneous anticonvulsants, antihistamines, steroids, and skeletal muscle relaxants. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34688-0
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary childhood brain tumors are the second most common form of childhood cancer. Though progress in this area has been slow, the field has evolved considerably over the past 10 years. This article focuses on new information that will influence our treatment of the more common pediatric brain tumors. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34829-5
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The underground abuse of growth hormone (GH) among young athletes presents a challenge to medical professionals. Health care professionals providing knowledgeable guidance regarding healthy ways to improve performance and appearance, as well as accurate information regarding substances' perceived benefits, risks, and ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presentation, etiology, diagnostic examination, and management of pediatric cataracts are discussed in this article. If untreated, cataracts result in significant visual deprivation. Evaluation of the pupillary light reflex should become an integral part of every pediatrician's physical examination. Patients shoul...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38591-1
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selected topics of violence against children and adolescents that occur in countries outside of the United States are discussed. Focus is given to middle-income and low-income countries and emphasis is placed on the epidemiology of this pressing public health problem, particularly on conditions that are peculiar to ch...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70016-x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noncompliance with therapy is widespread in children, with potentially important implications in clinical practice and the research setting. Compliance with therapy is a critical element in the success of therapy, that is, for an efficacious medication to be effective, it must be taken. Demonstration of patterns of dr...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70459-4
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hospitals that care for children are establishing medical emergency or rapid response teams as system solutions for preventing unexpected but foreseeable respiratory and cardiac arrest on inpatient units. Typically, an experienced team of doctors and nurses responds quickly to a direct request by any level of staff or...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2008.04.006
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review represents the author's personal style of practice in a new and evolving field, where the standard academic framework is still in its infancy. When there is no prior established practice to follow, good clinical care needs to come from listening very carefully to patients and empirically judging appropriat...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70107-3
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have limitations and a new definition for the purpose of clinical research, benchmarking, and prognostic prediction is needed. Different inhaled and systemic drugs are currently used to prevent or treat BPD. Despite some positive effects on BPD, more information abou...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric patients with ostomies are a challenge to health care providers. An ostomy is not without problems. Knowledge of surgical techniques and a commitment to the care and management of the stoma and appliances are needed to prevent and manage complications. Ongoing patient education is paramount for compliance an...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70097-3
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine late effects, including reproductive disorders and secondary thyroid cancer, have been reported in up to 50 %childhood cancer survivors (CCS) more than 5 years after treatment. Most endocrine disorders are amenable to treatment; awareness of symptoms is therefore of great importance. Recognition of these sym...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American family is changing. Pediatricians are increasingly aware of treating children within a family systems context. Patients present with a variety of biopsychosocial problems, and pediatrics must continue to adjust to fit the changing needs of children and their families. Pediatricians must view themselves as...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38916-7
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic musculoskeletal pain is becoming increasingly common in young athletes. When these athletes do not respond well to standard treatments, for example physical theraphy and anti-inflammatories, other diagnoses must be considered, such as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, fibromyalgia, and/or overtraining syndrome. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00008-1
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in genetics, including mapping the human genome, improved therapy for genetic disorders, recognition of the role of genetic factors in common diseases of adulthood, and new screening tests for carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosis create an increased demand for and awareness of clinical genetic servi...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38259-1
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ample evidence shows that what was formerly called "juvenile rheumatoid arthritis" is not a single disease. At least six separate diseases were included as subgroups or subtypes of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in other classifications. The clinical and laboratory features that differentiate these diseases are discuss...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)40057-x
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatricians and other medical providers caring for children need to be aware of the dynamics in the significant relationship between substance abuse and child maltreatment. A caregiver's use and abuse of alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other drugs place the child at risk in multiple ways. M...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2009.01.006
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultimately, after gathering and assessing all available evidence, pediatricians and health care policymakers must make informed decisions on whether exposure to a specific agent has the potential to cause cancer in children. In the case of DES, for which the results were clear, there was no question that the drug shou...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70370-9
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal resuscitation is an attempt to facilitate the dynamic transition from fetal to neonatal physiology. This article outlines the current practices in delivery room management of the neonate. Developments in cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques for term and preterm infants and advances in the areas of cerebra...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2009.03.003
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although recent spikes in overdose deaths are largely attributable to heroin and fentanyl, prescription opioids still account for a significant percentage of overdose deaths. Additionally, overdose deaths are not a problem solely for adults; roughly 8% of all overdose deaths occur in persons aged 15 to 24. In addition...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.005
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children's temperament continues to make a significant contribution to their physical health, development, and behavior as they progress into later childhood and adolescence. The definition of temperament as behavioral style remains the same, although the relative importance of the several dimensions shifts, factors a...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38345-6
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexual activity is a common practice among young adolescents, placing them at high risk for STDs, many of which have long-term consequences. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to limit both the consequences and the spread of these infections. The clinician has a responsibility to the adolescent patient to rec...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70567-8
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medications to treat children with rheumatic disease include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticosteroids, and biologic response modifiers that target mediators and cells involved in autoimmunity and inflammation. Although usually well-tolerated, such medications have many possible side effects, of whic...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.04.008
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines are now available for the prevention of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. In this article, biologics are reviewed with special attention to their use in the pediatric patient. Special attention is paid to issues that developed in 1999. For hepatitis A vaccine, it is the change in US recommendations regarding incre...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70213-3
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The causes of macroscopic and microscopic hematuria overlap; both are often caused by urinary tract infections or urethral/bladder irritation. Coexistent hypertension and proteinuria should prompt investigation for glomerular disease. The most common glomerulonephritis in children is postinfectious glomerulonephritis....
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.003
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outpatient encounters form the mainstay of managing type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Management philosophy rests on the premise that normal physical and emotional growth is attainable and long-term complications minimized by maintenance of metabolic (glycemic) control. Management principles involv...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36295-2
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three pediatric hand injury subtypes and their management have been presented. Finger tip injuries, while often minor and self-healing in children, may require surgical repair if the nailbed is disrupted or if there has been significant skin or pad loss from the tip. The decision between local repair and skin graft or...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33144-3
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adoptive process can produce unusual stresses on the child, and biologic and adoptive parents, from prenatal to postnatal life, and through the various phases of physical and pscyhological development. Because of the possibility of these children and their families falling into the "at risk" category with greater ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Careful clinical examination remains the primary and most important way of diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborn infants. Repeated examinations during the first year are important to diagnose DDH subsequent to the newborn period. Sonography can detect cases of clinically silent DDH. Targeting ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70495-8
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) present unique difficulties when they develop respiratory failure, either as a consequence of their heart disease, in relation to cardiac surgery, or from infectious causes. Extensive cardiac surgical repairs are now being performed on younger infants with compl...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38768-5
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
