Abstract：
:A trial of the CHAT, type 1, attenuated poliovirus strain of Koprowski was begun in August 1958 in Léopoldville, a city of 350 000 people, and possessing modern medical facilities, including an institute of public health.Paralytic poliomyelitis is endemic in the city; since 1951 there has been an average annual incidence of 63 cases, and a rate of 19.4 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. More than 80% of the cases have occurred in African children less than 3 years old. Consequently, a plan to vaccinate African infants and children was formulated and put into operation.Vaccination was performed by squirting virus into the mouths of the children at medical dispensaries or special clinics. The innocuity of the vaccine was checked by follow-up visits to the homes of a large number of children one and two weeks after virus feeding. Blood specimens were taken before and after virus administration to determine the initial susceptibility of the population and their response to live-virus vaccination. The results of vaccination are presented in the following paper.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
LEBRUN A,CERF J,GELFAND HM,COURTOIS G,PLOTKIN SA,KOPROWSKI Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1960-01-01 00:00:00pages
203-13eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The ultrastructure of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica cultivated in vitro on artificial media is described from electron-microscope studies made by the authors and from other published accounts. The authors point out that the description does not present a complete picture of the trophozoite of this species o...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sustainable control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is jeopardized by dwindling public health resources resulting from competing health priorities that include an overwhelming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. In Mpumalanga province, South Africa, rational planning has historically been ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To implement and evaluate a public-private partnership to deliver the internationally recommended strategy DOTS for the control of tuberculosis (TB) in Lalitpur municipality, Nepal, where it is estimated that 50% of patients with TB are managed in the private sector. METHODS:A local working group developed ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author examines in detail the symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of plague, and outlines the problem of the length of the incubation period.The clinical features commonly met with in all severely-affected plague patients, regardless of the primary localization of the infection, are described. The author then...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on studies carried out by the author and his associates in areas of Japan and South Asia where malayan and bancroftian filariasis is endemic, this paper recommends methods for use in microfilaria surveys and in the analysis of data obtained in such surveys. The author recommends the use of measured blood samples...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on the dynamics of the tuberculosis situation in rural South India, obtained by the National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, were fed into a mathematical model. By this means predictions about the future tuberculosis situation have been made under a wide range of hypothetical assumptions. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four cases of Plasmodium ovale malaria are reported among US servicemen stationed in Viet-Nam between January 1966 and March 1969. Taken together with other cases cited by the authors, these provide strong evidence of the existence (sometimes disputed) of this Plasmodium in continental South-East Asia.None of the men ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The United Republic of Tanzania is the first mainland sub-Saharan country to launch a national methadone programme as part of its battle to fight the twin epidemics of heroin addiction and HIV infection. Fumbuka Ng'wanakilala reports. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.030213
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recommended procedures and criteria for T-cell receptor (TCR) designations are described. The officially adopted designations are for the TCR A, B, D and G loci and for V, D, J and C segments. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin for 500 gonococcal strains were studied for product-moment coefficient correlations. The strains were isolated from male patients with acute gonococcal urethritis attending the Venereal Disease ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1954-55, a controlled field trial of two types of typhoid vaccine-alcoholized ("vaccine A") and phenolized ("vaccine F")-prepared in Yugoslavia was carried out in the town and district of Osijek. In an attempt to correlate the protection conferred on man by these vaccines with their potency in laboratory animals, a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Iran, microscopic examination of skin scrapings from 2202 individuals with clinically diagnosed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions revealed the presence of amastigotes in 1123 cases (51.0%). Bacteriological examinations of the lesions indicated that 788 individuals (35.7%) were also infected with one or more path...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to assess the current status of global data on death registration and to examine several indicators of data completeness and quality. METHODS:We summarized the availability of death registration data by year and country. Indicators of data quality were assessed for each country and included the tim...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862005000300009
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of child growth have become the most accepted means of assessing the protein-calorie nutritional status of economically developing populations. International reference standards have been suggested for a number of body measurements, but there has been little evaluation of their applicability in South-East...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To assess the outcomes of children diagnosed with hearing impairment 3 years earlier in terms of referral uptake, treatment received and satisfaction with this treatment, and social participation. Methods:We conducted a population-based longitudinal analysis of children with a hearing impairment in two rural...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.226241
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report concerns the host's reactions to the presence of the parasite both in the course of the natural disease and during drug treatment. The various stages of Onchocerca volvulus are discussed in terms of the type of tissue reaction seen. The discussion then turns to basic hypotheses concerning the etiology of t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub-Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified, well-characterized allergens and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Each of 87 strains of brucellae examined for its utilization of amino acid and carbohydrate substrates displayed a metabolic pattern that characterized it as to its species identity, irrespective of its serological and biochemical characters. Strains that displayed the metabolic pattern of Br. abortus were lysed by Br...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are now the commonest group of notifiable infectious diseases in most countries, particularly in the age group of 15 to 50 years and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histochemical staining methods for acid phosphatase were used to study the differences among microfilariae of various West African strains of Onchocerca volvulus in both forest and Sudan-savanna onchocerciasis zones. The results have shown statistically significant differences in the staining patterns of microfilarial...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The changing epidemiological and distribution patterns of Japanese encephalitis in various southern and east Asian countries are described. Immunization is considered to be the only practical way to control the infection. Several vaccines have been developed and two types of inactivated vaccine are now available for u...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current textbooks link influenza pandemics to influenza A virus subtypes H2 (1889-91), H3 (1990), H1 (1918-20), H2 (1957-58) and H3 (1968), a pattern suggesting subtype recycling in humans. Since H1 reappeared in 1977, whatever its origin, some workers feel that H2 is the next pandemic candidate. This report reviews t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eradication of smallpox required a unique, fully collaborative international effort on the part of WHO and Member States. In the course of the programme, many lessons were learned in its organization, execution and evaluation which have implications for other international activities. Most important among these wa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate population-wide hepatitis B and C seroprevalence using dried blood spot samples acquired for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance as part of the 2010-2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. Methods:We used the database acquired during the multistage, clustered, population-b...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208603
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the implementation of a programme to provide primary care physicians for remote and deprived populations in Brazil. METHODS:The Mais Médicos (More Doctors) programme was launched in July 2013 with public calls to recruit physicians for priority areas. Other strategies were to increase primary car...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.16.178236
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to find out whether chemotherapy with isoniazid affects the virulence in the guinea-pig of tubercle bacilli that do not develop resistance to the drug, virulence tests were carried out on isoniazid-sensitive cultures obtained from 20 South Indian tuberculous patients before treatment and after three months of...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental studies in mice have provided evidence that antibody specific for viral neuraminidase markedly inhibits influenza virus replication in the lungs of animals challenged with virus containing homologous neuraminidase. In contrast to antihaemagglutinin antibody, antineuraminidase antibody does not increase re...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A trial was carried out of the efficacy of fenitrothion ultra-low-volume aerosol applied by vehicle-mounted cold aerosol generator for the control of Aedes aegypti. Five applications of fenitrothion at intervals of 11-49 days at dosages of 511-1 095 ml/ha gave sustained control for 4-5 months in an area of some 14 ha ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in the causes of death in a West African town. Mortality caused by infectious diseases is reported to be declining while degenerative and man-made mortality factors are increasingly significant. Most mortality analyses for sub-Saharan Africa have involved extrapolation and have not been de...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An influenzavirus of swine origin (swine/Taiwan/7310/70) antigenically closely related to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus readily infected human volunteers. Those infected developed antihaemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus as well as to the swine/Taiwan virus. The clinical r...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
