Abstract:
:Although the evidence for oxidative stress for air pollution in the human lung is fragmentary, the hypothesis that oxidative stress is an important, if not the sole, mechanism of toxicity of oxidizing air pollutants and tobacco smoke is compelling and growing. First, biochemical mechanisms have been worked out for oxidation of lung lipids by the gas phase of cigarette smoke, NO2 and O3. The oxidation of lung lipids can be prevented by both vitamins C and E. Vitamin C is more effective in preventing oxidation by NO2, and vitamin E is more effective against O3. Second, multiple species of experimental animals develop lung disease similar to human bronchitis and emphysema from exposure to NO2 and O3, respectively. The development of these diseases occurs over a near lifetime exposure when the levels of NO2 or O3 are at near ambient air pollution values. Third, isolated human cells are protected against oxidative damage from NO2 and O3 by both vitamins C and E. Fourth, the vitamin C level in the lung either declines on exposure to NO2 for short-term exposures or increases on chronic cigarette smoke exposure. The effects of cigarette smoking on serum vitamin C is apparently complex and may be related to the daily intake of vitamin C as well as smoking. Serum vitamin C levels may be poor indicators of lung demands when daily vitamin C intakes are above 100 mg/day. Fifth, vitamin C supplementation protects against the effects of ambient levels of air pollution in adults as measured by histamine challenge. An augmented response to histamine challenge may represent increased lung permeability brought about by air pollution. In experimental animal and human experiments, the amount of vitamin C or E that afforded protection was in excess of the current recommended dietary allowance. Although animal studies do not provide evidence for complete protection against NO2 or O3, they do illustrate that current recommended daily allowances are inadequate for maximum protection against air pollution levels to which over 100 million Americans are exposed. The problem of air pollution and its effects on humans is truly of global concern. Air pollution is not restricted to North America or Japan where it was first recognized, but is a major public health problem in Europe as well. When data are available, air pollution probably will be shown to be a major public health problem in all urban areas of the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Menzel DBdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb17095.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-30 00:00:00pages
141-55eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
669pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We report here the two first cases of human ehrlichiosis described in Italy. One patient presented symptoms indicative of ehrlichiosis, such as fever, conjunctivitis, and increase of hepatic enzymes; HGE was confirmed by fourfold seroconversion for HGE antigen. The second patient, a forest worker, was affected by Lyme...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A) is a fetal insulin receptor isoform that is overexpressed in cancer. We investigated whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II may elicit a different gene expression response from insulin in cells expressing only IR-A and lacking IGF-I receptor (R-/IR-A cells). Cells were stimulated...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::To study the role of the LDL receptor pathway for the maintenance of alpha-tocopherol concentrations in tissues of intact animals, we have compared vitamin E levels in plasma and tissues of normal rabbits and WHHL rabbits. WHHL rabbits are deficient in LDL receptor activity. For WHHL rabbits, alpha-tocopherol plasma c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-12-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25253.x
更新日期:1992-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Aged F344 female rats (21 months) showed decreased performance, as compared to young rats (4 months), on an object recognition memory task. Golgi impregnation measured dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (layer II-III), a brain area important for recognition memory. Densities of spine...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the role of poliovirus (PV) infection in the development of the post-polio syndrome (PPS), we studied the serum, spinal fluid, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and muscle from 47 patients with PPS. We found high titers of IgM PV antibodies (up to 1:250) in the serum of 6 patients, compared to very low tite...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Our studies of Ca2+ release have shown that three classes of compounds--quercetin, which inhibits Ca2+ release by reversal of the Ca2+ pump, H+ ionophores and DCCD, which affect proton gradients, and lipophilic anions, which act to oppose a separation of membrane surface charges--all have potential in probing the mech...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-04-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports have shown that there are age-related reductions in muscarinic receptor (mAChR) sensitivity to agonist stimulation. Our research has elucidated the mechanisms involved in this loss. These studies have shown that this decline is the result of decreases in mAChR concentration, reductions in the number o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::The strategy of "manufacturing uncertainty" has been used with great success by polluters and manufacturers of dangerous products to oppose public health and environmental regulation. This strategy entails questioning the validity of scientific evidence on which the regulation is based. While this approach is most ide...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::These studies demonstrate that photochemotherapy can be successfully evaluated in animal models. The therapy mediates specific suppression of immune responses and appears to operate at the level of the effector T cells. Future studies will focus on isolation and characterization of the host response to photochemothera...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33457.x
更新日期:1991-12-30 00:00:00