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Androgens up-regulate atherosclerosis-related genes in macrophages from males but not females: molecular insights into gender differences in atherosclerosis.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the effects of androgens on gene expression in male- and female-donor macrophages. BACKGROUND:Men have more severe coronary disease than women. Androgen exposure increases foam cell formation in male but not female macrophages, and male macrophages express >4-fold more androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid than female macrophages. Therefore, androgen exposure may have gender-specific and potentially pro-atherogenic effects in macrophages. METHODS:Utilizing complementary deoxyribonucleic acid arrays, we studied the effects of a pure androgen (dihydrotestosterone, 40 nmol/l) on human monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy male and female donors (n = 4 hybridizations; 2 men, 2 women). Differential expression of atherosclerosis-related genes was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in five male and five female donors. Functional corroboration of foam cell formation-related findings was undertaken by experiments using (125)I-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL). RESULTS:In male macrophages, androgen treatment produced differential up-regulation of 27 genes concentrated in five functional classes: 1) lipoprotein processing; 2) cell-surface adhesion; 3) extracellular signaling; 4) coagulation and fibrinolysis; and 5) transport protein genes. By contrast, none of 588 genes were up-regulated in female macrophages. By RT-PCR, we confirmed the gender-specific up-regulation of six of these atherosclerosis-related genes: acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase I, lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), caveolin-2, CD40, vascular endothelial growth factor-165 receptor, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Functionally, androgen-treated male macrophages showed increased rates of lysosomal AcLDL degradation, by 45% to 75% after 15 to 20 h of (125)I-AcLDL incubation (p = 0.001), consistent with increased LAL activity. CONCLUSIONS:Androgens increase expression of atherosclerosis-related genes in male but not female macrophages, with functional consequences. These findings may contribute to the male predisposition to atherosclerosis.

journal_name

J Am Coll Cardiol

journal_title

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

authors

Ng MK,Quinn CM,McCrohon JA,Nakhla S,Jessup W,Handelsman DJ,Celermajer DS,Death AK

doi

10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2003-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1306-13

issue

eissn

0735-1097

issn

1558-3597

pii

S073510970301091X

journal_volume

pub_type

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Androgens up-regulate atherosclerosis-related genes in macrophages from males but not females: molecular insights into gender differences in atherosclerosis.