Abstract:
:Based on the similarity in primary structure between the newly characterized ligand for CD40 (CD40L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), we have modeled a detailed 3-D structure for CD40L. We used the known structure of TNF alpha as a template for the generation of the CD40L model. The soundness of the model-building algorithms was verified by constructing a 3-D model of TNF beta and comparing it to its crystallographically determined structure. The CD40L sequence is entirely compatible with the 'jelly-roll' beta-strand structure characteristic of the TNFs. Like the TNFs, CD40L is predicted to form a compact trimer, although the interactions between monomers are distinct from those found in the TNFs. The model predicts which regions of CD40L could interact with its receptor(s) and which amino acids are essential for the maintenance of its trimeric structure.
journal_name
Int Immunoljournal_title
International immunologyauthors
Peitsch MC,Jongeneel CVdoi
10.1093/intimm/5.2.233subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-02-01 00:00:00pages
233-8issue
2eissn
0953-8178issn
1460-2377journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Under physiological conditions immune complexes (IC) are efficiently cleared from the circulation and meanwhile provide important feedback signals for the immune system via Fc gamma Rs and complement receptors. Dysregulation of these mechanisms have been implicated in conditions where IC concentrations reach pathologi...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm132
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T cell Ig domain and mucin domain (TIM) proteins form a conserved family of transmembrane cell-surface glycoproteins expressed by a variety of tissues. Each TIM protein contains a single V-type Ig domain, a glycosylated mucin-like domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. TIM proteins recognize a di...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm044
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to most organs, the anatomy of the liver may allow naive CD8(+) T cells to make direct contact with liver parenchymal cells. We have previously shown, using a combination of TCR transgenic T cells specific for H-2 K(b) and hepatocytes expressing a transgenic H-2 K(b) molecule, that hepatocytes can induce a...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/11.8.1225
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, a B cell growth stimulatory factor, constitutively secreted by a human CD4+ T cell hybridoma clone, MP6, has been purified and characterized. Serum-free 24 h culture media from MP6 cells were collected, concentrated by ultrafiltration and separated by gel chromatography. Fractions were analyzed for stim...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/7.4.625
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops T-cell-mediated autoimmune insulitis. We analyzed the clonotypes of T cell infiltrates of the NOD mouse islets using a new method we have developed recently, which consists of RT-PCR amplification of the CDR3 region of the TCR beta chain mRNA and subsequent sin...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/8.6.807
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease contains a major cysteine proteinase, cruzipain (Cz), with an unusual carboxyl-terminal extension (C-T). We have previously reported the presence of sulfate groups in the N-linked oligosaccharide chains of this domain. In order to evaluate the immune responses to sulfated...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm149
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate here that human necrosis factor-alpha, a potent neutrophil activator, induces rapid (within 3 h) apoptosis of these cells, i.e. neutrophils treated with this cytokine exhibit (i) light and electron microscopic changes characteristic to apoptotic cells, (ii) reduced propidium iodide binding to DNA, and (...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/5.6.691
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 sense microbial single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and ssDNA in endolysosomes. Nucleic acid (NA)-sensing in endolysosomes is thought to be important for avoiding TLR7/9 responses to self-derived NAs. Aberrant self-derived NA transportation to endolysosomes predisposes to autoimmune diseas...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxu086
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of celiac disease (CD) with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 is indicative of preferential mucosal T cell recognition of gluten fragments bound to either DQ allele. We have recently identified two gluten-derived, HLA-DQ8-restricted T cell stimulatory peptides, one each from gliadin and glutenin, recognized by speci...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.8.1157
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We established an experimental system in vitro to examine the developmental capacity of individual hematopoietic progenitors to generate T, B and myeloid (M) cells. By using this system we analyzed the process of lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors in murine fetal liver (FL). It is known that small numbers...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/9.7.1011
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::T lymphocytes (pivotal in many inflammatory pathologies) are targets for glucocorticoid hormone (GC). How TCR-mediated activation and GC signaling via glucocorticoid receptor (GR) impact on T-cell fates is not fully defined. We delineated here the expression of a recently identified glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh134
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peyer's patch (PP) organogenesis proceeds through three histologically distinct steps: formation of organizing centers expressing VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in segregated regions of the intestine at 15.5 days post-coitus (d.p.c.) (step I), accumulation of blood cells expressing different sets of surface markers to this region ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/11.5.643
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An alloreactive CTL clone, 27.B2, produced in the mouse strain combination B6.C-H-2bm1 (bm1) against C57BL/6 (B6) and nominally directed against the Kb molecule has been shown to be peptide dependent. The clone recognizes intact B6, but not intact bm1 or bm3 target cells. However, peptides recognized by 27.B2 CTL can ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/4.3.321
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoter contains a 10 bp element known as CK-1 or CD28RE that specifically responds to the co-stimulatory signal delivered to T cells via the CD28 surface receptor. This element is a variant NFkappaB site that does not function alone but requires an adjace...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/11.12.1945
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although CD4(+) T cells form a major subset of TCRalphabeta T cells, only a small number of TCRgammadelta T cells express CD4. Factors contributing to the down-regulation of CD4(+) TCRgammadelta T cells have not been identified. The CD5 molecule is expressed on most TCRgammadelta T cells in the spleen, whereas only a ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxg006
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that are genetically deficient in either IFN-gamma or beta chain of the IFN-gammaR develop diabetes with similar kinetics to wild-type NOD mice. In the current study, we demonstrated that treatment of IFN-gamma signaling-deficient NOD mice with cyclophosphamide (CY) not only fails to indu...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxn080
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been shown to be highly dependent upon their functional avidity (the sensitivity of their cellular response to MHC-peptide complexes). To examine this relationship, we employed target cell lysis as a quantitative measure and established a set of four CTL clones that ex...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/13.6.817
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of immunoglobulin expression in mice transgenic for either a kappa light chain (driven by the kappa enhancer) or lambda light chain (driven by the IgH enhancer) revealed that the transgenic light chains are expressed by the majority of B lymphocytes in the neonatal mice. However, the proportion of B cells tha...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/1.5.509
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease, caused by autoantibodies against the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR), an oligomeric transmembrane glycoprotein composed of alpha(2)beta gamma delta subunits. The alpha subunit carries in its N-terminal extracellular domain the main immunogenic region (MIR), a group...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.9.1255
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have searched the human genome for genes that predispose to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using fluorescence-based microsatellite marker analysis and affected sib-pair linkage study. A panel of 41 Japanese families, each with at least two affected siblings, was typed for genome-wide 358 polymorphic microsatellite marke...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/10.12.1891
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CD2 co-receptor expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes is able to stimulate T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production in the absence of direct engagement of the antigen-specific TCR. Engagement of human CD2 by mitogenic pairs of anti-CD2 mAb induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of intrace...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/13.1.13
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::M cells are responsible for uptake of mucosal antigens in Peyer's patches (PPs). Differentiation of M cells is thought to be induced by interactions between follicle-associated epithelium and PP cells; however, it remains elusive what types of immune cells function as M-cell inducers. Here, we attempted to identify th...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxq478
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat shock protein (Hsp) 60 is thought to function as endogenous danger signal by activating professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) through toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and CD14, a mechanism that is also used by bacterial LPS. We recently showed that Hsp60 binds LPS and enhances LPS-induced immune stimulation. On t...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxn003
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type II collagen (CII) is of immunological interest because of its repetitive structure and properties as an autoantigen. The mouse gene has recently been cloned, thus enabling T cell-defined epitopes to be identified. Multiple novel epitopes on mouse CII are here detected in the autoreactive T cell response. The majo...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/9.11.1687
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the LAG-3 gene is a cell surface protein with significant homology to CD4. It has been suggested that it can serve as a functional equivalent of CD4 and account for the MHC class II-restricted responses which persist in CD4-deficient mice. To test this hypothesis, we have created CD4/LAG-3 double-defici...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/8.5.725
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vascularized organ transplantation, vascular endothelial cells (EC) confronting recipient T cells are potentially significant APC initiating cellular immune responses that lead to rejection. In the present study, we studied the ability of human EC to stimulate allogeneic T cells and the co-stimulatory molecules inv...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/7.8.1331
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamic behaviour of isolated populations of peritoneal LPS-reactive (LPSr) B lymphocytes was studied upon transfer of peritoneal cells (PerC) from C57BL/6 LPS responder into C57BL/10ScCr LPS non-responder mice. We have followed the persistence and life-span of the transferred LPSr donor B cells in the spleen and ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/2.1.73
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term side effects may represent a relevant burden of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-infected patients with good CD4 immune reconstitution over extended time spans. CD4-guided treatment interruption (TI) has been evaluated to address this point and may result in a wide spectrum of time off ART in different ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxq462
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epitope spreading has been best characterized as an exacerbating factor in CD4(+) T cell-dependent autoimmune disease models and is believed to occur via presentation of antigens liberated by tissue destruction initiated by CD4(+) T cells specific for a primary epitope. The growing evidence that exogenous antigens can...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/13.5.625
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::BALB/c mice injected at birth with 10(8) semi-allogeneic (C57BL/6 x BALB.IgHb)F1 spleen cells develop a lupus-like syndrome in which autoantibodies bear exclusively the donor allotype. We have analyzed the evolution of donor B cell chimerism and the autoimmune manifestations during the first year of life in these mice...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/4.1.67
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00