Abstract:
:In vivo studies of the rheological behavior of blood in the microcirculation were conducted by direct in situ measurements in cat mesentery. Upstream to downstream pressure drops were measured in unbranched arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with diameters from 7 to 58 micrometer. Simultaneous measurements of red cell velocity and vessel geometry facilitated computation of bulk velocity, pressure gradient, apparent viscosity, wall shear stress, and resistance. Arteriovenous distributions of these parameters revealed the following. Maximum pressure gradient (0.015 cm H20/micrometer) occurs in the true capillaries (7 micrometer in diameter); intravascular wall shear stress averaged 47.1 dynes/cm2 in arterioles and 29.0 dynes/cm2 in venules. Extreme values as great as 200 dynes/cm2 were observed in a few shunting arterioles. Apparent viscosity averaged 3.59 cP in arterioles, 5.15 cP in venules, and 4.22 cP overall. Intravascular resistance per unit length of microvessel varied with luminal diameter as a power law function with exponents of -4.04 for arterioles, -3.94 for venules, and -3.99 for all vessels combined. This apparent maintenance of Poiseuille's law is attributed to the opposing processes of hematocrit reduction and decreasing shear rate as blood is dispersed in successive arteriolar segments, and the converse action of these processes in the venous confluences which lessen the extent of network variations in apparent viscosity. Reductions in bulk velocity from the normal flow state to below 0.5 mm/sec resulted in increases in apparent viscosity by a factor of 2 to 10, which are attributed primarily to obstruction of the lumen by leukocyte-endothelium adhesion.
journal_name
Circ Resjournal_title
Circulation researchauthors
Lipowsky HH,Kovalcheck S,Zweifach BWdoi
10.1161/01.res.43.5.738subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-11-01 00:00:00pages
738-49issue
5eissn
0009-7330issn
1524-4571journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Morphometric data from stable (nonedematous) isolated dog lungs, perfused with nearly cell-free perfusates, were compared to similar stereological evaluations of isolated dog lungs after induction of severe acute hydrostatic edema. In the edematous lungs, capillary surface and volume densities were substantially incre...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.43.1.72
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.256529
更新日期:2011-12-09 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000191538.76771.66
更新日期:2005-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.158329
更新日期:2007-08-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.64.6.1127
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.46.1.11
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-02-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201418
更新日期:2009-09-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.70.5.893
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.68.4.977
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.72.3.671
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-02-20 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.60.3.429
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transformer splicing regulatory proteins determine the sexually dimorphic traits of Drosophila. The role of the vertebrate homologs of Tra-2 in phenotypic specification is undefined. We are using the alternative splicing of the MYPT1 E23 exon as a model for the study of smooth muscle diversification into fast and slow...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.178384
更新日期:2008-08-29 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Mutations in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-3 (VEGFR3 or FLT4) cause Milroy disease, an autosomal dominant condition that presents with congenital lymphedema. Mutations in VEGFR3 are identified in only 70% of patients with classic Milroy disease, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. OBJECTIV...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300350
更新日期:2013-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the contribution of intramural electrical events in initiation and maintenance of ventricular tachycardia in 15 dogs 3-8 days after either permanent (n = 2) or transient (n = 13) coronary artery occlusion. Seven of the dogs (47%) demonstrated eight distinct monomorphic ventricular tachycardia patterns whi...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.56.5.736
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.304846
更新日期:2015-02-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308544
更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.74.3.416
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complete knowledge of myocardial structure, metabolism, and function is crucial to understanding the response of the heart to injury such as ischemia. Increasingly, this type of knowledge is required at multiple levels, from that of the isolated myocyte to the functioning organism, to provide basic scientists and clin...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000103863.40055.E8
更新日期:2003-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and endothelial dysfunction. CRP antagonizes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through processes mediated by the IgG receptor Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB), its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.254573
更新日期:2011-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::A selective history of the pathophysiological, structural, and metabolic changes found during an episode of severe myocardial ischemia in the canine heart is presented. The changes that cause ischemic injury to become irreversible are discussed in detail because these changes are the target of any successful therapy d...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300987
更新日期:2013-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether opioid receptors (ORs) are involved in the delayed cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning (IP), the effect of severe metabolic inhibition (MI) with a glucose-free buffer that contained sodium cyanide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the viability of isolated rat ventricular myocytes was first determ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.84.12.1388
更新日期:1999-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective clinical treatment for heart failure patients with conduction delay, impaired contraction, and energetics. Our recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial posttranslational modifications (PTM) may contribute to its benefits, motivating the present st...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246124
更新日期:2011-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a critical event in the development and progression of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could suppress VSMC proliferation and inhibit cell cycle progression...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000185823.73556.06
更新日期:2005-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of synthetic human atrial 28-amino acid peptide (alpha-human atrial polypeptide) on systemic and renal hemodynamics were examined in two separate groups of Inactin-anesthetized rats. First, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured before and during infusion of the peptide at rat...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.57.4.634
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During periodic stimulation of spontaneously beating chick heart cell aggregates, there is often an evolution of coupling patterns between the stimulator and the aggregate action potential. For example, at rapid stimulation frequencies, a rhythm that is initially 1:1 (stimulus frequency:aggregate frequency) can evolve...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.69.4.1022
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00