Relationship between urine and plasma estrogen ratios.

Abstract:

:Normal young and postmenopausal women were placed into groups according to the ratio of the estrogens in their urine. Women whose ratio was greater than 1.3 if young and greater than 3.2 if postmenopausal were compared to women whose ratio was less than 0.7 and less than 2.1 for young and postmenopausal, respectively. Between the respective high- and low-ratio groups, there were no significant differences for circulating levels of estriol, metabolic clearance rates of estriol, or blood production rates of estriol, estrone, or estradiol. Women who had had breast cancer were compared to a group of normal controls and were also found to have similar blood production rates for estriol, estrone, and estradiol. The ratios of the blood production rates of estriol to estrone and estradiol were similar for the high and low groups for young and postmenopausal women and also between the breast cancer women and their controls. It appears, therefore, that the difference in urinary estrogen ratios is primarily due to different pathways of metabolism of the free circulating estrogens and not to differences in the production rates of the estrogens. Estriol is produced at only 10% the rate of estrone and estradiol.

journal_name

Cancer Res

journal_title

Cancer research

authors

Longcope C,Pratt JH

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1978-11-01 00:00:00

pages

4025-8

issue

11 Pt 2

eissn

0008-5472

issn

1538-7445

journal_volume

38

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha expression by the epidermal growth factor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PTEN/AKT/FRAP pathway in human prostate cancer cells: implications for tumor angiogenesis and therapeutics.

    abstract::Dysregulated signal transduction from receptor tyrosine kinases to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT (protein kinase B), and its effector FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) occurs via autocrine stimulation or inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that in human pro...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Zhong H,Chiles K,Feldser D,Laughner E,Hanrahan C,Georgescu MM,Simons JW,Semenza GL

    更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00

  • Presence of tumor-associated antigens in epidermal growth factor receptors from different human carcinomas.

    abstract::The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in two colon carcinoma lines and in one vulval carcinoma line tested contains carbohydrate determinants that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. These antibodies are directed to sialylated Lea and to difucosylated structures of the Y type. Ce...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Basu A,Murthy U,Rodeck U,Herlyn M,Mattes L,Das M

    更新日期:1987-05-15 00:00:00

  • Differential expression of keratins 13 and 16 in normal epithelium, benign lesions, and ductal carcinomas of the human breast determined by the monoclonal antibody Ks8.12.

    abstract::Previous electrophoretic analysis has indicated that keratins 13 and 16 (K13 and K16) are not present in normal human breast epithelium, but K16 is expressed in some ductal carcinomas (Moll et al., Cell, 31: 11-24, 1982). K16 may thus represent a marker for identifying a subset of ductal carcinomas and for distinguish...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Pellegrino MB,Asch BB,Connolly JL,Asch HL

    更新日期:1988-10-15 00:00:00

  • Adeno-associated virus 2-mediated antiangiogenic cancer gene therapy: long-term efficacy of a vector encoding angiostatin and endostatin over vectors encoding a single factor.

    abstract::Angiogenesis is characteristic of solid tumor growth and a surrogate marker for metastasis in many human cancers. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis using antiangiogenic drugs and gene transfer approaches has suggested the potential of this form of therapy in controlling tumor growth. However, for long-term tumor-free s...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1786

    authors: Ponnazhagan S,Mahendra G,Kumar S,Shaw DR,Stockard CR,Grizzle WE,Meleth S

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • A double-negative feedback loop between ZEB1-SIP1 and the microRNA-200 family regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

    abstract::Epithelial to mesenchymal transition occurs during embryologic development to allow tissue remodeling and is proposed to be a key step in the metastasis of epithelial-derived tumors. The miR-200 family of microRNAs plays a major role in specifying the epithelial phenotype by preventing expression of the transcription ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1942

    authors: Bracken CP,Gregory PA,Kolesnikoff N,Bert AG,Wang J,Shannon MF,Goodall GJ

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Mutation of H-ras is infrequent in bladder cancer: confirmation by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, designed restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and direct sequencing.

    abstract::A series of 152 human bladder tumors, 14 bladder tumor cell lines, and 1 immortal urothelial cell line were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and designed restriction fragment.length polymorphism analyses for mutations in exons 1 and 2 of the H-ras gene. Nine tumors (6%) contained mutations. T...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Knowles MA,Williamson M

    更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00

  • IMC-EB10, an anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody, prolongs survival and reduces nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient engraftment of some acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines and primary leukemic samples.

    abstract::The class III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is expressed on the blasts of >90% of patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). In addition, it is expressed at extremely high levels in ALL patients with mixed lineage leukemia rearrangements or hyperdiploidy and is sometimes mutated in these same patient...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0018

    authors: Piloto O,Nguyen B,Huso D,Kim KT,Li Y,Witte L,Hicklin DJ,Brown P,Small D

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of differentiating agents on cell surface expression of the breast carcinoma-associated DF3-P epitope.

    abstract::The DF3 antigen is a member of a family of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins aberrantly expressed in human breast carcinomas. Recent work has described the generation of a monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated DF3-P, that reacts with immature, underglycosylated precursors of DF3 antigen. Immunoperoxidase staining st...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Perey L,Hayes DF,Kufe D

    更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00

  • Altered TAB1:I kappaB kinase interaction promotes transforming growth factor beta-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB activation during breast cancer progression.

    abstract::The conversion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter occurs frequently during mammary tumorigenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. We show herein that TGF-beta repressed nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity in normal ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3094

    authors: Neil JR,Schiemann WP

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • C-Myc is a critical mediator of the phenotypes of Apc loss in the intestine.

    abstract::The Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene is mutated in up to 80% of sporadic colorectal cancers. After Apc loss, there is deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and transactivation of T-cell factor/leukemia enhancing factor target genes such as C-Myc. This review focuses on recent data highlighting the importance ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5558

    authors: Wilkins JA,Sansom OJ

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Isolation and characterization of complementary DNA to proliferating cell nucleolar antigen P40.

    abstract::Proliferating cell nucleolar antigen P40 is a late G1-specific protein, which was found in a variety of human tumors (A. Chatterjee, J. W. Freeman, and H. Busch. Cancer Res., 47: 1123-1129, 1987). Two overlapping complementary DNA clones for antigen P40 were isolated by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 human expression l...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Reddy AB,Chatterjee A,Rothblum LI,Black A,Busch H

    更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00

  • Immunohistological analysis of thymic tumors with PE-35 monoclonal antibody reactive with medullary thymic epithelium.

    abstract::PE-35 mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (IgG1) detecting an epithelial antigen with a molecular weight of 35,000 was characterized serologically. Immunoperoxidase staining and double immunoenzymatic staining showed that PE-35 antigen is predominantly on nonlymphoid cells in the medulla of thymus. By immunoelectron micr...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Takahashi T,Ueda R,Nishida K,Namikawa R,Fukami H,Matsuyama M,Masaoka A,Imaizumi M,Takahashi T

    更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00

  • Prostaglandin E2 enhances intestinal adenoma growth via activation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.

    abstract::A large body of clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, contributes to the promotion of colorectal cancer. COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostaglandin found in several gastrointestinal malignancies. Alth...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3671

    authors: Wang D,Buchanan FG,Wang H,Dey SK,DuBois RN

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative assessment of generalized epithelial changes in tracheal mucosa following exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.

    abstract::Sequential morphological changes occurring after brief carcinogen exposures of heterotopic tracheal transplants in rats were semiquantitatively studied. Tracheas were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene for 1, 2, or 4 weeks, during which time means of 138, 152, and 160 microgram 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, r...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Topping DC,Griesemer RA,Nettesheim P

    更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00

  • Cleavage of beta-catenin by calpain in prostate and mammary tumor cells.

    abstract::Mutations in the NH(2)-terminal regulatory domain of the beta-catenin gene lead to aberrant stabilization and accumulation of the protein and increased TCF/LEF-dependent transcription. Although these mutations are common in some cancers, they are infrequent in prostate and breast cancer. We have found that metastatic ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1048

    authors: Rios-Doria J,Kuefer R,Ethier SP,Day ML

    更新日期:2004-10-15 00:00:00

  • Constitutive activation of myosin-dependent contractility sensitizes glioma tumor-initiating cells to mechanical inputs and reduces tissue invasion.

    abstract::Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) perpetuate tumor growth, enable therapeutic resistance, and drive initiation of successive tumors. Virtually nothing is known about the role of mechanotransductive signaling in controlling TIC tumorigenesis, despite the recognized importance of altered mechanics in tissue dysplasia and the...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3426

    authors: Wong SY,Ulrich TA,Deleyrolle LP,MacKay JL,Lin JM,Martuscello RT,Jundi MA,Reynolds BA,Kumar S

    更新日期:2015-03-15 00:00:00

  • Dietary fat and its relationship to large bowel cancer.

    abstract::Epidemiological data have provided clues to the etiological factors involved in large bowel cancer development. High intake of dietary fat tends to promote colon carcinogenesis. Studies in metabolic epidemiology have shown that the high dietary fat affects the metabolic activity of gut bacteria as well as the levels o...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Reddy BS

    更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00

  • Eradication of hepatic metastases of carcinoma H-59 by combination chemoimmunotherapy with liposomal muramyl tripeptide, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin.

    abstract::We have investigated the effect of a combined chemoimmunotherapy protocol with liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (leucovorin) on the growth of hepatic metastases using carcinoma H-59, a liver-homing subline of the Lewis lung carcinoma (P...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Asao T,Shibata HR,Batist G,Brodt P

    更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00

  • Tumor-derived hyaluronidase: a diagnostic urine marker for high-grade bladder cancer.

    abstract::The detection of high-grade bladder tumors prior to invasion is crucial for a good prognosis. We recently found that the levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, are elevated in the urine of bladder cancer patients, and small angiogenic HA fragments are present in the urine of high-grade bladder cancer pat...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Pham HT,Block NL,Lokeshwar VB

    更新日期:1997-02-15 00:00:00

  • Mode of action of polyethylene glycol 6000 in potentiating the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleen cells.

    abstract::Some of the possible mechanisms by which polyethylene glycol (PEG) augments the ability of MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleen cells to mediate in vitro antitumor cytotoxicity were evaluated. The level of antitumor cytotoxicity obtained in 5-day cultures of tumor bearer spleen cell suspensions correlated inversely with the p...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mokyr MB,Przepiorka D,Dray S

    更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00

  • Vascular normalization by loss of Siah2 results in increased chemotherapeutic efficacy.

    abstract::Tumor hypoxia is associated with resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and poor prognosis. The Siah E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the hypoxic response pathway by modulating the turnover of the master proangiogenic transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α). In this study, we show that genetic deficiency ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3310

    authors: Wong CS,Sceneay J,House CM,Halse HM,Liu MC,George J,Hunnam TC,Parker BS,Haviv I,Ronai Z,Cullinane C,Bowtell DD,Möller A

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor release from monocytic cells by the A375 human melanoma via granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

    abstract::It has long been known that complex interactions occur between tumors and normal host immune cells. The human melanoma cell line A375 has been used previously as an indicator cell for tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated by monocytes. During other studies on this tumor cell line, we noted that the conditioned media harves...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Sabatini M,Chavez J,Mundy GR,Bonewald LF

    更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00

  • Increased amounts of double-stranded RNA in the cytoplasm of rat liver following treatment with carcinogens.

    abstract::Cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from control rats or at 48 hr following carcinogen administration. A significant quantity (0.6%) of double-stranded RNA was present in control preparations, as assessed by digestion with RNase III. Following carcinogen treatment of rats, this percentage increased significantly. The results...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Clawson GA,Smuckler EA

    更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00

  • Prolonged ornithine decarboxylase induction in regenerating carcinogen-treated liver.

    abstract::A cascade of events leading to hypertrophy has been proposed and implicated in growth regulation in a variety of normal and neoplastic cells and tissues. There is a tightly coupled temporal sequence: (a) cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) activation; (b) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Olson JW,Russell DH

    更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of tamoxifen on the multidrug-resistant phenotype in human breast cancer cells: isobologram, drug accumulation, and M(r) 170,000 glycoprotein (gp170) binding studies.

    abstract::We have performed isobologram analyses of the ability of tamoxifen (TAM) to alter the response to Adriamycin (ADR) and vinblastine (VBL) in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells express functional receptors for estrogen and progesterone but do not express detectable levels of M(r) 170,000 glycoprotein (gp170). CL 10....

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Leonessa F,Jacobson M,Boyle B,Lippman J,McGarvey M,Clarke R

    更新日期:1994-01-15 00:00:00

  • Interleukin-6 is required for pancreatic cancer progression by promoting MAPK signaling activation and oxidative stress resistance.

    abstract::Pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest human malignancies, is almost invariably associated with the presence of an oncogenic form of Kras. Mice expressing oncogenic Kras in the pancreas recapitulate the stepwise progression of the human disease. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is often expressed by multi...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1558-T

    authors: Zhang Y,Yan W,Collins MA,Bednar F,Rakshit S,Zetter BR,Stanger BZ,Chung I,Rhim AD,di Magliano MP

    更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00

  • Effects of ionizing radiation on cells from Fanconi's anemia patients.

    abstract::The lymphocytes from some Fanconi's anemia patients appeared to be more radiosensitive than normal as measured by the number of X-ray-(or bleomycin-) induced chromosome aberrations seen following G2 treatment. Fibroblasts from the same patients, however, all showed the same degree of colony survival as normals followi...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Duckworth-Rysiecki G,Taylor AM

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • MK5 Regulates YAP Stability and Is a Molecular Target in YAP-Driven Cancers.

    abstract::Transcriptional regulator YAP is activated in multiple human cancers and plays critical roles in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, therapeutic targeting of the Hippo-YAP pathway has been challenging due to its low druggability and limited knowledge of YAP regulation in cancer. He...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-1339

    authors: Seo J,Kim MH,Hong H,Cho H,Park S,Kim SK,Kim J

    更新日期:2019-12-15 00:00:00

  • Blocking effect of human serum but not of cerebrospinal fluid on ricin A chain immunotoxin potentiation by monensin or carrier protein-monensin conjugates.

    abstract::The potentiation of monoclonal antibody/ligand toxin (immunotoxin) cytotoxicity by the ionophore monensin (Mo) or by human serum albumin-monensin (HSA-Mo) conjugates was investigated. Since disulfide cross-linked HSA-Mo (HSA-SPDP-Mo) is rapidly inactivated by human serum (M. Colombatti et al., Cancer Res., 50: 1385-13...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Candiani C,Franceschi A,Chignola R,Pasti M,Anselmi C,Benoni G,Tridente G,Colombatti M

    更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00

  • Amplification of FRS2 and activation of FGFR/FRS2 signaling pathway in high-grade liposarcoma.

    abstract::Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) substrate 2 (FRS2) is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in FGFR signaling. FRS2 is located on chromosome 12q13-15 that is frequently amplified in liposarcomas. The significance of FRS2 and FGFR signaling in high-grade liposarcomas is unknown. Herein, we first ...

    journal_title:Cancer research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2086

    authors: Zhang K,Chu K,Wu X,Gao H,Wang J,Yuan YC,Loera S,Ho K,Wang Y,Chow W,Un F,Chu P,Yen Y

    更新日期:2013-02-15 00:00:00